...Power Shortage in Mindanao: A Call for New Power Plants It is swirling in the news that Mindanao suffers from power shortage. According to the news aired on March 27, 2012 over GMA News' Saksi, The Energy Department had said that projected peak demand in Mindanao is 1,300 MW although the available capacity is only at 1,100 MW, excluding the required reserve margin to maintain the "integrity" of the Mindanao Grid which is pegged at 250 MW. The same television report said the power shortage was reportedly caused by the lack of electricity being produced by the hydro electrical power plants in Mindanao due to heat brought by the dry season. "Considering the future lower rainfall forecast in Mindanao, we cannot rely solely on hydropower plants. Non-hydro base-load is immediately needed and this will only happen if everyone cooperates,” Energy Secretary Jose Rene Almendras said. According to the DOE's Mindanao Field Office curtailment schedule obtained by GMA News Online on March 28, 2012, some parts of Region IX, X, XI, XII, and XIII have recently been experiencing rotational brownouts. Among these areas are: Pagadian City, Zamboanga del Sur (4 hrs/day), Zamboanga City (4 hrs/day), Maramag, Bukidnon (1 hr/day), Iligan City, Lanao del Norte (2.5 hrs/day), Marawi City, Lanao del Sur (3.5 hrs/day), Tubod, Lanao del Norte (3 hrs/day), Ozamis City, Misamis Occidental (3 hrs/day), Calamba, Misamis Occidental (5 hrs/day), Digos City, Davao del Sur (3 hrs/day), Tagum City, Davao Norte...
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...What is the contribution of natural gas as fuel for Power generation in India? (10 marks) Consumption of Electricity: The estimated electricity consumption increased from 43,724 GWh during 1970-71 to 6,94,392 GWh during 2010-11, showing a CAGR of 6.98% (Table 6.9). The increase in electricity consumption is 13.34% from 2009-10 (6,12,645 GWh) to 2010-11 (6,94,392 GWh). Of the total electricity sales in 2010-11, industry sector accounted for the largest share (38.6%), followed by domestic (23.8%), agriculture (19.6%) and commercial sector (9.89%). However, it is seen that electricity consumption in domestic sector and agriculture sector has increased at a much faster pace compared to other sectors during 1970-71 to 2010-11, with CAGRs of 9.67% and 8.61% respectively. Power generation in India: According to the MoPNG, gas use in India amounted to 59 bcm in FY 2009/10, up from 43 bcm in FY 2008/09; energy use amounted to 61% compared to 39% used for non-energy purposes. Before the start of Krishna-Godavari in April 2009, consumption was supply constrained and demand for gas could easily have been 30 bcm higher. Indeed, it is important to make a clear distinction between potential demand and actual consumption as these numbers widely differ. In 2007, unmet demand was estimated at 35 bcm.18 Demand has been constrained by the lack of supply as domestic production and LNG imports, even at the recent higher supply rates, were insufficient to meet potential demand. The IEA presented...
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...Intro The Loutang Power Plant was built in 1997 by the Provincial Planning Commission on behalf of the Hubei Provincial Government, and is located in Luotang City, Central China. The plant was designed, and constructed to operate as a 600 MW coal-fired plant, and is contracted on a Build Operate Transfer (“BOT”) basis; meaning the plant would be given to the Hubei Provincial Government at the conclusion of 20 operational years at no cost. Although it is a coal-fired plant, the emissions meet Chinese standards, making Luotang one of the least polluting coal-fired plants in the country (for its size). During the 20 year operational period, the Luotang plant is contracted to sell power to the Hubei Provincial Power Company (HPPC) at approximately 65% of the regular selling price. The plant has also negotiated a coal supply contract with Pingdingshan; where they are to supply low sulfur bituminous coal that meets quality specifications for a fixed price per tonne (adjustments for inflation built in). Unfortunately, Luotang has been receiving coal shipments that are of questionable quality, causing the plant to come under a degree of financial stress. Conclusion We are recommending that the Luotang Power Plant to rework terms of their coal-purchasing contract. Although the quality of the coal has slightly risen over the past year, the inflationary price exceeds its quality. We propose a purchasing contract where the price of the coal is determined by the energy output (quality)...
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...Rampal Coal-Fired Power Plant Who gains, who loses? Moshahida Sultana Ritu WHO does not know that Bangladesh needs more electricity for its economy to grow? Who does not know that every economic opportunity comes with an environmental cost, be it high or low, visible or less visible? But does this knowledge really leave us with no choice when Bangladesh signs three agreements with India to establish a 1320 megawatt coal- fired power plant in Rampal? No. Without answering the question “who pays the cost of environmental degradation and who are the ultimate beneficiaries from building the power plant?” we cannot justify building Rampal power plant. First, setting up Rampal power plant is not going to ensure our energy security; rather it may aggravate our existing problems. The newly formed joint venture company named Bangladesh India Friendship Power Company (BIFPC), with equal ownership of Bangladesh’s BPDB and India’s NTPC, will be a full-fledged commercial venture. A commercial venture with an objective of cost recovery and profit maximization is not a problem that may lead to project failure. Rather, the problem will be visible elsewhere. The source of finance and ownership will matter the most in this type of project’s sustainability. Initially Bangladesh and India will equally share up to 30 percent equity of this mega project. The remaining equity, which may be equivalent to $ 1.2 billion, will be taken as bank loan with help from the NTPC. Repaying the loan...
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...Staring at the steady stream of traffic on Raj Path from the office window, Mr. Om Prakash was ruminating over the Coal Linkages Committee meeting that concluded a few minutes ago. “There has to be a more scientific approach that leaves no room for maneuvering, bickering and hurt feelings which follow every such meeting” wondered Mr. Om Prakash. India has a total installed generating capacity of 167 thousand megawatts, comprising 109 thousand megawatts in the Thermal sector, 37 thousand in the Hydro Sector, 17 thousand in the Renewable Sources Sector and the remaining in the Nuclear Power Sector. In the Thermal sector, 90 thousand megawatts are coal-fired power plants. The region-wise distribution of the coal fired power plants in terms of installed capacity is 4% in Delhi-Haryana, 5% in Punjab, 5% in Rajasthan, 10% in Uttar Pradesh, 10% in Gujarat, 26% in Maharashtra, 8% in Andhra Pradesh, 4% m Karnataka, 7% in Tamil Nadu, 1% in Bihar, 1% in Orissa, 11% in Jharkhand and 8% in West Bengal. Typical annual coal requirement is 5000 tons per MW of installed capacity. Coal India Ltd. is the country's major supplier of coal. Coal India's major subsidiaries are: • Eastern Coalfields (ECL): These comprise the Raniganj and Barakar Coalfields spread over Burdwan, Birbhum, Bankura and Purulia districts in West Bengal and Dhanbad District in Jharkhand, Saherjuri Coalfield in Deoghar District of Jharkhand and Hura Coalfields in Godda. • Central Coalfields (CCL): These comprise the Barka...
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...THE PROPOSED 200-megawatt coal-fired power plant in Concepcion, Iloilo is on track in time for calls to put up additional electricity sources in the light of the acute power shortage in Mindanao. Iloilo Provincial Administrator Raul N. Banias said he met with top officials of Palm Concepcion Power Corp. (PCPC) in Metro Manila to discuss development status of the proposed coal-fired power plant project. A former mayor of Concepcion, Banias was instrumental in helping DM Consunji, Inc. (DMCI) Power Corp., the original proponent of the plant, in getting public acceptance for the power plant. Although the Department of Environment and Natural Resources already issued and environmental compliance certificate (ECC) to the project sometime in 2007, DMCI did not initiate construction after failing to secure power supple agreements with distribution utilities in Western Visayas. In November 2010, A. Brown Co., Inc. (ABCI), through subsidiaries Palm Thermal Consolidated Holdings Corp. and Panay Consolidated Holdings Corp., bought DMCI Power Corp.’s proposed coal-fired power plant in Concepcion. The new owners then formed subsidiary PCPC to spearhead the future construction and operation of the plant. ABCI is the investment arm of businessman Walter Brown which is primarily engaged in the business of real estate development but has interests in power, property development and investments in other companies. In February 2012, A. Brown announced that it has tapped BDO Capital and Investment...
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...Xiaochen Yang Dr. Brian H. Lower, Ph.D. ENR 2100 July 10th , 2015 Nuclear Legacy 1.a) United States in New conducted the first nuclear test in Mexico just south of the Los Alamos National Laboratory in 1945 (Lower and Lower). When the Cold War broke out shortly after the United States used their bombs on Japan, Russia spent all their energy on trying to overtake the United States in the arms race. By 1961, the Russians have taken the lead. At that time, the United States were capable of advanced targeting methods for their nuclear arsenal. To compensate, the Russians chose to widen the area of their nuclear bomb’s effectivity. There is a a 50-60 megaton Soviet atomic bomb codenamed Tsar to get the culmination of this competition (Lower and Lower). 1.b) A New York Times article titled Obama’s Youth Shaped His Nuclear-Free Vision reads, to achieve the goal of global denuclearization for Mr. Obama is very crucial. (Broad and Sanger A1). He thought that it is too naive to keep developing the advanced nuclear weapons in order to stop the countries like Iran and North Krean. The most powerful man in the world having this kind of opinion is a great step towards the stoppage of production of nuclear weapons. This, however, looks like it’s the most that can be done right now with nuclear weapons. Nuclear testing sites such as Los Alamos National Laboratory fields and the Novaya Zemlya are still largely left deserted. When it comes to cleaning up of ecosystems affected by nuclear...
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...Lünen – State-of-theArt Ultra Supercritical Steam Power Plant Under Construction Dr. Frank Cziesla Siemens AG, Energy Sector Dr. Jürgen Bewerunge Trianel Kohlekraftwerk Lünen GmbH & Co.KG Andreas Senzel Siemens AG, Energy Sector POWER-GEN Europe 2009 – Cologne, Germany May 26-29, 2009 Copyright © Siemens AG 2009. All rights reserved. Copyright © Siemens AG 2009. All rights reserved. 1 Abstract Clean and cost-effective power generation is of paramount importance to cope with the challenges imposed by an increasing energy demand throughout the world. Investment cost and fuel costs are the main contributors to the cost of electricity. In recent years, costs associated with CO2 emissions have attracted more and more attention due to its political awareness. The efficiency of the power plant as one key value affects both the fuel costs and the amount of CO2 emitted to the environment. As coal is more abundant in many parts of the world, coal prices are less volatile and more stable than natural gas prices. But larger CO2 emissions increase the need for more efficient coal-based power generation. Ultra supercritical (USC) steam power plants meet notably the requirements for high efficiencies to reduce both fuel costs and emissions as well as for a reliable supply of electric energy at low cost. Recent developments in steam turbine technology and high-temperature materials allowed for significant efficiency gains. Siemens has more than fifteen years of...
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...Coal is a fossil fuel like oil and gas. Fossil fuels are all formed out of organic matter deposited, decomposed and compressed, storing all the carbon involved under the earth's surface for millions of years. Some of the advantages of coal are - * Easily combustible, and burns at low temperatures, making coal-fired boilers cheaper and simpler than many others * Widely and easily distributed all over the world; * Comparatively inexpensive to buy on the open market due to large reserves and easy accessibility * Good availability for much of the world (i.e. coal is found many more places than other fossil fuels) * Most coal is rather simple to mine, making it by far the least expensive fossil fuel to actually obtain * Coal-powered generation scales well, making it economically possible to build a wide variety of sizes of generation plants. * A fossil-fuelled power station can be built almost anywhere, so long as you can get large quantities of fuel to it. Most coal fired power stations have dedicated rail links to supply the coal. However, the important issue as of now is whether there are more advantages than disadvantages of fossil fuels like coal! Some disadvantages of coal are that - * it is Non-renewable and fast depleting; * Coal has the lowest energy density of any fossil fuel - that is, it produces the least energy per ton of fuel * It also has the lowest energy density per unit volume, meaning that the amount of energy...
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...A discussion of the positive and negative effects on the lignite power plant Hongsa distinct, Sayaboury province, Lao PDR. By: Tossapon Booranapornchai (Jai) Registration Number: 13038682 Class: IPE 2 Tutor’s Name: Mr. Hugh Whitby Submitted on: ‘A discussion of the positive and negative effects on the lignite power plant (Hongsa, Sayaboury Province, Lao PDR) Over the last decade, Thailand has been a continual increasing, about four percent per year, of electricity usage (Oxford Business Group, 2014). In contrast, the country’s supply would not meet with consumer’s demand purely due to lack of internal sources and therefore has had to seek other supplies from neighboring country such as Laos. The Hongsa district, Laos, has sufficient reserves of lignite to generate enough electricity for both countries and thus, since 2010, has attracted investor from both Thai private sector and the Laotian government. Hence, this is the beginning of Hongsa power plant project. Although the plant would generate many economic advantages to the people of Laos, this does not occur without criticism. Some pointed out that the large amount of coal’s burning will cause a serious detrimental effect on the local and global environment as well as creating long-term health problems for local. Therefore, there have been some suggestions, from environmental groups who concerned with the launch of this project in 2015 that should consider consequences of the action...
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...world economy and development of human society. The types of energy They can be divided into two kinds of energy- renewable energy and non-renewable energy. Renewable energy derives directly from the sun, or from heat generated deep within the earth. They can be used to produce electricity, transport people and good, and generate heat from solar, wind, ocean, hydropower, biomass, geothermal resources, and biofuels. Since it comes from nature, so it is endless. Non-renewable sources are not environmental friendly and can have serious effect on our health. They are called non-renewable because they can be re-generated within a short period of time. Non-renewable sources exist in the form of fossil fuels, natural gas, oil and coal. In the future, the amount and proportion of renewable energy generated is set to rise, because of scarce supplies of gas and oil and also because of government policy and program to support renewable energy generation. China is the second nation that produces and consumes of energy in the world. Also, it is the world's largest developing country. To get rid of poverty and to expand economic, Chinese government and people need to settle the issue. Continuing growth of energy supply, give the economic and social development a big support. The rapid growth of energy consumption, create a broad space for to develop. China plays an important role in the global energy market. Energy develop present situation. Basic national policy of...
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...Coal Types of coal Based on the carbon content, we differentiate between three main types, or ranks, of coal: lignite, bituminous and anthracite. It is largely the age of the coal and its depth in the earth’s crust that determines the carbon content. Coal with a high carbon content has a higher energy content and is “cleaner” in use, because the content of water and other substances is lower. Lignite Lignite, or brown coal as it is often called, is a young type of coal with a lower carbon content. Lignite is soft with a matt surface, and the coal deposits are usually near the surface. The energy content in lignite is lowest of the three types. Since lignite also contains more sulphur than older coal, it emits more pollution when burned. Bituminous Bituminous coal has a higher carbon content than lignite. It therefore contains less moisture than lignite, is harder and has a lustrous surface. Bituminous coal is divided into two categories, subbituminous and bituminous, with bituminous the most high-energy value category. Anthracite Anthracite is the “oldest” type of coal. It is hard, dark grey and with a high lustre. It has the highest carbon content of all the coal types. Anthracite requires a high temperature to ignite, and because of this people struggled to make use of it right up until the industrial age. Environmental Impacts Air Emissions When coal is burned, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and mercury compounds are released. For that reason...
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...we expect in life. We flip our light switches, charge our cell phones, and turn on our TVs with no thought as to how we our able to enjoy this so called luxury of power. As with most luxuries in life, electricity bears a cost. Yes, monthly we are billed for our household usage by the kilowatt, but there are other costs we’ve neglected to consider. Duke Energy, the largest electrical power holding company in the United States, plead guilty to nine violations of the Federal Clean Water Act in a hearing held this past May, which culminated in a fine of $102 million. The violations resulted from a spill of about 39,000 tons of coal ash due to a collapsed pipe under a coal ash dump that coated 70 miles of the Dan River near Eden, North Carolina with sludge. Coal ash is the inorganic residue left behind when pulverized coal is burned to produce electricity. Coal ash is one of the largest types of industrial waste generated in the United States and in 2012 the nation’s coal plants generated nearly 10 1milloin tons of it. A little less than half of coal ash produced in the United States is recycled into products like concrete, pavement or wallboard. However, the rest is stored, in over 2,000 storage sites across the country, in landfills, quarries or ponds that, over time, accumulates to potentially millions of tons of coal ash that contains some of the world’s deadliest toxic metals: arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury and selenium. These contaminants can pollute, groundwater...
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...Current production costs : 1.76 cents per kWh for nuclear, 2.47 cents for coal, 6.78 cents for natural gas and 10.26 cents for petroleum. Coal accounts for 39% of global energy World Nuclear Association IAEA. Electricity Generation in Bangladesh Peak demand is catered by: Natural gas Liquid fuel Coal Hydropower 85% 6.76% 5.41% 2.45% Demand from: DESA, DESCO 1800MW REB 2200MW PDB itself 1500MW 1 TCF Coal (37MT) can produce 14000-94000 MW 1 TCF Gas can produce 22000 MW 3.5 barrels of oil = 17000 cubic feet gas = 1780 pound coal (in terms of energy production) Coal Mining Challenges in Bangladesh Khondkar Abdus Saleque, energybangla, April 2009 Solution lies in gas supply, Sharier Khan, The Daily Star Dr. Khalequzzaman, The Daily Star World Nuclear Association Energy Sector Snapshots TOTAL INSTALLED CAPACITY BPDB IPP SIPP & Rental Present generation capacity Current demand Average generation Maximum generation in history Load shedding Access to electricity Per capita generation Distribution lines (33 KV & below) 5453 MW (105 Unit) 3812 MW (59 Unit) 1330 MW (39 Unit) 311 MW (7 Unit) 4931 MW 5500 MW 3700-3800 MW 4146.9 MW 1000-1500 MW 45% 149 kWh 47,479 Route KM December - 2008 December - 2008 December - 2008 December - 2008 December - 2008 April- 2009 April- 2009 April-2009 April-2009 FY- 2008 FY- 2008 FY-2007 Bangladesh power development board, BPDB; Power Cell, Energybangla Power Sector Structure in Bangladesh Gas Sector Scenario in Bangladesh ...
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...Fly ash, a coal combustion product consisting fine particles is a residual, waste matter arising from the combustion of coal from boilers used for the steam generation power plant at GHCL. Its disposal at GHCL has become a huge problem. The study aims at understanding the characteristics of the generated fly ash in detail and will investigate about finding innovative, possible solution for addressing the fly ash disposal problem at GHCL. Gujarat Heavy Chemicals Ltd. (GHCL) was establish in March 1988, by investment of $220 million at Sutrapada, Gujarat. The plant manufactures high-grade dense & light soda ash, for domestic and international use. GHCL is distinguished by its growth, financial performance and outstanding people and processes....
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