...To a certain extent, the coalition government’s proposals will bring about an effective reform of parliament. However, some people have questioned the effectiveness of the reform of parliament under this coalition, for example suggesting that The referendum on AV may have lead to an even more hung parliament. On the one hand, Primeministers, known as the incumbent, can no longer call elections to suit their own interests. This was due to the establishment of fixed term elections introduced by Cameron in 2011. The reform reduces media speculation, which makes parliament more stable and fairer for parties not in government. This is also a fairer system as Primeministers would usually call an election when their party was significantly higher in the opinion polls than all other political parties, making the chances of them re-gaining power much stronger than they may have been 5 years down the line at a set date. On the other hand, some people have suggested that 5 years is too long, noteabely Nick Clegg who wanted 4 years between elections. There have also been concerns about whether campaigns will become dragged out and leborious like America’s 18 month season. Also the fixed term elections don’t necessarily make for a better government and shown by the USA, for example. The flexibility of non-fixed term election system allows for a dissolution and new election if the Government has an inadequate majority. The value of this has been shown in 1951, 1964 and the second election...
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...How far has the coalition government forced the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats to revise their traditional ideological stances? The UK's government is currently a coalition, this means that there were two or more 'winning' parties at the 2010 general election. The Conservatives are head of the government and the Liberal Democrats are deputy. By having a coalition government the two parties have to change their ideologies and come up with ideas that fit them both. Evidence shows that the coalition government hasn't forced the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats to revise their traditional ideological stances, this means that they haven't changed their traditional values so they can run government together. An ideology is an 'ism', a more or less coherent set of ideas, values and theories that help to explain the world and guide political action. The conservatism is the set of ideologies that the Conservatives believe in. Conservatism is an ideology that is defined by a 'desire to conserve'. It has traditionally been suspicious of abstract principles or developed theories, preferring instead to place its faith in tradition, experience and history. The defining values of Conservatism are; tradition, this means that they respect ideas, practices and institutions that have been passed down from one generation to the next. They also believe in human imperfection, the belief that people are security-seeking creatures and also morally flawed. Finally they believe in hierarchy...
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...08 Fall How governments are formed There are no codified rules in the UK to state how government is formed, in theory it is in the hands of the monarch – up until the 19thCentury this was largely a reality. However the monarch no longer plays any active role in this process. The party that wins a majority of seats in the House of Commons after a general election, its leader will be invited by the monarch to form a government. 2010 Coalition * Conservatives were longest party in HoC but failed to win overall majority * Labour negotiated a coalition with LibDems and later the LibDems negotiated with both main parties for a coalition * Labour and LibDem did not make an overall majority * Gordon Brown later resigned and advised the Queen to ask Cameron to form a government either as a minority or in coalition with LibDems. * Cameron accepted and formed coalition with LibDem ‘The Government’ 25 members are members of the HoL and 90 are MPs. MPs that are from the party that is in government ate not members of government! They are known as backbenchers and the members of government are known as frontbenchers. All members of government are appointed by the PM. The cabinet (22-23 members) meet regularly. Ministerial selection The PM must weigh up the qualities of individuals against the political consequences of appointing them. Qualities that ideal ministers should possess: * Must be politically reliable * Must have potential ...
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...ITALY COUNTRY BRIEFING updated at May 2009 Forecast May 26th 2009 From the Economist Intelligence Unit Source: Country Forecast | | | | Outlook for 2009-10 • Italy's right-of-centre coalition government, led by Silvio Berlusconi, faces a major challenge to limit the impact of the global crisis on Italy's rapidly deteriorating economy and keep its fragile public finances under control. • Government cohesion will be hindered by divisions in the ruling coalition, but the Economist Intelligence Unit expects it to remain in office. Mr Berlusconi has a comfortable parliamentary majority and the centre-left is in disarray. • GDP contracted by 1% in 2008. Our baseline forecast is that it will contract by a further 4.6% in 2009 and by 0.6% in 2010. • The fiscal deficit is forecast to rise from 2.7% of GDP in 2008 to 5-5.5% of GDP in 2009-10. The public debt/GDP ratio is expected to be about 120% by the end of 2010, up from 105.8% in 2008. • Much larger deficits cannot be ruled out as our forecast assumes that the minister of the economy, Giulio Tremonti, will resist pressure for tax cuts to boost the economy and interest rates do not rise sharply. • Inflation (EU harmonised measure) will average 0.6% in 2009 and 0.9% in 2010, well down on 3.5% in 2008, reflecting weak demand and lower commodity prices. Monthly review •...
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...maintain the old transformismo system of a coalition government. The introduction of male suffrage in 1918 stemmed the emerge of mass parties adding to the increasing problems of the liberals which again was worsened by Nitti's introduction of proportional representation in 1919 it seemed as though the years went on instead of Italy's political instability being stabelised the Liberals problems worsened making a wider division within the Chamber of Deputies. 1919 went from bad to worse for the Liberals as catholic party (Popalari) emerged, Liberals new support would flood in mass amounts however they also new there co-operation also looked unlikely as the Popalari deplored the Liberals policies. Added stress was inflicted apoun the liberals when the 1919 elections were a disaster they led to the Socialists and the Popalari became the biggest parties in the Chamber of Deputies this however was unconventional as neither of these parties cooperated with one other or the Liberals. 1919 seemed to be the year which Italian politics came to a halt, various prime ministers came and went with numerous failed coalitions to try and salvage Italian politics and in one more bid to save the Liberals Gioltti called for another election in May 1921 however this led to his reconisation when both the Popalari and Socialists party's strength was not weakened but increased by the elections. In the following 16 months all 3 different coalition governments lacked a majority and therefore resulting...
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...system. In UK there are Conservative party, Labour party, Liberal party, Communist and Fascist party. But in the field of politics Labour party and Conservative party are important. The form of Government is interchanged between these parties. Sometimes Conservative party and other times Labour party. In the House of Commons the Liberal party has a few seats but no seat has been obtained by Fascist and Communist party. The same view is in U.S.A also. Politics of U.S.A. is run by two major parties named as Democratic party and Republican party . Others do not have any importance in the politics. In every country who has Bipartisanism system it is a common scene that power passes from one party to the other and society gets a little bit worse with each election. There is not any variation in internal activates of a country. From two parties, one another come to form a government always by and by and they become the policy maker and ruler of the country. People just participate in the election by casting their vote only. Merits of Bipartisanism a)The stability of Government : In Bipartisanism system the government is more stable, because which party has a majority in the legislature, it forms the government and the other party acts as opposition. Coalition governments are not formed in this...
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...Politics of Coalition in India Politics of coalition has become the ultimate truth of Indian politics these days. No doubt, a coalition gives the chance and pleasure of running a government, but in the course of time, temporal friendships, deceit and blackmailing turn out to be the cause of brutal termination of a coalition government. In most of the cases, a coalition is a principle less, irresponsible and unaccountable alliance of some power-seeking individuals. We have the very current example of Karnataka where the BJP got deceived in a game of ridiculous political farce. The Indian society is divided into different religions, castes, sects and regional mindsets. Principle-based politics has become a deed on papers only and what are more visible nowadays are parties of castes and castes of parties. There are regional parties having special zones for them. We find regional barons and country heads of various castes. These small and regional groups never hesitate to unabashedly indulge in the act of blackmailing for their own purpose. There is no discussion on the burring and relevant topics of national interest. Agriculture, employment, economic policies, education, public welfare, etc. are out of their agenda. These coalitions have become a severe headache for our nation. The pertinent question arise here :what these characterless coalitions have to offer to our nation? The answer is not hidden from the known fact that these coalitions could not become a medium of...
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...come to those who are members 5. free rider problem- Why would anyone join a group that will provide benefits to everyone regardless of membership? 6. union shop- anyone working for the company has to join the union or at least pay a part of the dues to cover cost of negotiating contracts 7. right-to-work laws- outlaw union shop contracts 8. benefits for group membership: solidarity- make people feel good for joining a group and working with others to make the world a better place. 9. Material- include things like discounts on goods or services, or low cost life or auto insurance. 10. Information- provide members with information that they find interesting and useful. 11. “Federalist Number 10”- how the new government created by the Constitution would help deal with the problem of factions. 12. Faction- He lumps parties and interest groups togetheras including both large groups (majority factions)and small groups (minority factions) ofpassionate people who are united bysome interest. 13. democratic pluralism- checking and balancing 14. lobbying- those activities in which people contact public officials to try and influence public policy 15. lobbyists- Those who do this work 1. legislative lobbying- aimed at Congress, or at legislatures on the state level 2. bureaucratic lobbying- contacts with the bureaucracy in an effort to affect how bureaucracy enforces laws and administers programs 3. The Federal Register- All regulations...
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...PRE-AMBLE Role played: Federal Licensing Authority QUESTION 1 To non-Harborco: 1. Describe your assessment of Harborco’s leadership in the negotiation meeting? Harborco’s leadership in the negotiation meeting was good. They had total control of the direction of the meeting. They managed to get the meeting into the direction they wanted. Finally they manage to get the support from all parties involved in the negotiation. 2. What was the climate of the meeting; was it friendly or a lot arguments? The meeting was done in friendly, calm and sincere manner. Since the parties involved in the negotiation were expected to continue their relationship even after the conclusion negotiation therefore it was in the best interest of each party involved in the negotiation to be friendly to other parties during the negotiation. 3. How was your performance in the final deal? My performance in the final deal was good. I was able to maintain my position and got support from other parties during the negotiation. Finally I managed to get my BATNA. 4. What was your strategy to maximize your points? The strategies used to maximize my points were trade-off and log rolling. These strategies were used to gain support from other parties involved in the negotiation. 5. If you are now given the chance to play the role of Harborco, how would you have led the meeting? I would ensure that I would have total control of the direction negotiation in...
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...to what extent are the biggest pressure groups the most successful Success in pressure groups is defined by how they affect government policy, their agenda-setting power and how well they can change people’s ideologies. There are many other factors that contribute to the success of a pressure group i.e.: the finances that have been gained, the widespread support of the pressure group, the cause of the group itself and the organisation of the group. But it is important that all of the aforementioned factors work collaboratively to produce a successful pressure group. the biggest pressure groups the most successful to some extent as I believe that size alone does not necessarily mean that the pressure group with the most members will ultimately be the most successful Some argue that the more members a pressure group has the more successful it is, because it can then be functionally representative of the public. The TUC has 7 million members supporting it's “cause” making very successful as the government can see that this group is representing a large public opinion. If a group such as the TUC were to support a political party for example, the party would notice a considerable difference in support with the TUC's backing than without. Pressure groups that have more members, leads to more donations, proving that size is necessary in order for pressure groups to be the most successful. Chequebook groups tend to get most of their finance from their members, for example Greenpeace...
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...How has Coalition Government affected Party Politics in the U.K? The arrival of a coalition government formed between the Liberal Democrats and the Conservative Party in 2010 has affected UK party politics in various ways, the nature of which is looked into below. The governing of a country by a coalition of two political parties with differing political stances will involve negotiation between and some degree of compromise on behalf of the two parties. This is necessary in order to come to some form of agreement on key policies, such as those affecting the economy, unemployment, crime, environmental concerns, welfare, law and order and education, amongst other policy areas. The agreements reached are also, to a certain degree, in a balance of compliance with key political beliefs or philosophies of both the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats in terms of their respective guiding principles on areas such as social justice, the appropriate degree of state intervention and the importance of equality and availability of opportunity within society. The rise to power of a coalition government has made Consensus politics a key feature of UK party politics, since the nature of a coalition involves broad agreement on most basic policies between the two major political parties forming the coalition; the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats. The ability and will to negotiate and agree is of key importance if a coalition is to be able to govern effectively, in an organised...
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...Kenya the land of cancer. I look at the Kenyan society today and the best name that comes in my mind is “cancer’’, a deadly disease, if it’s not in the government and its leaders then in the public institutions, like universities, hospitals and the public road infrastructure. The following are the major issues affecting Kenya and at large, the African continent, ‘’ the dark continent indeed’’ 1. Corruption – the common phrase used by the leader is ‘’ it’s our time to eat’’. After elections, the wining team which for a long time will always be from specific community, tries as much as possible to occupy all the appointment positions in the government to ensure that they gain maximally from the national cake ‘’ natural resources’’ for example, Kenya security organs are occupied with one community and at any time they can decide to chair a national security meeting in their own dialect. During the time of grand coalition government from 2007-2012, the office off the prime minister, was composed of one ethnic group, from where the prime minister emanates, in leadership , the system of Kenya doesn’t trust an outsider, i.e., if the president is from kikuyu, then the top positions in the defense force are from his ethnic community. The police force is not left out in this vise, to compensate for their little salaries, they practice bribery along the main Kenya high ways, they allow unworthy vehicles to use the roads at a prize of ksh 100 per tribe. In their recruitment, for...
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...Paying College Athletes College athletics is a billion dollar industry and has been for a very long time. Due to the increasing ratings of college athletics, this figure will continue to rise. College athletes should get paid to play for many reasons. First of all, college athletes bring in millions of dollars through merchandise and games. Then most of the athletes that have the opportunity to leave school and turn professional do so, because college athletes live in near poverty. Thirdly, if college athletes aren’t allowed to work how can they afford necessary expense if they come from poor families? College athletes bring in millions of dollars to their schools. For example, the University of Miami received about 8 million dollars for the Miami Hurricanes playing in the Nokia Sugar Bowl. The apparel also brings in a lot of money by selling hats, footballs, and jerseys. Also the Orange Bowl holds over 60,000 people and they sell tickets at an average of 20 dollars each. Therefore, players should receive some of this money because without them the schools wouldn’t receive all the money and popularity. Second, college athletes live in near poverty because the money they receive isn’t enough to pay for all of the expenses. The few athletes that graduate from college, that could turn professional before their senior year, stay because their parents support them by sending money. If college athletes are eligible to be paid, there would be more athletes graduating. Paying athletes...
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...Explain how the ideas of the Liberal Democrats influenced Coalition Government Policy During their time in the Coalition Government, the Liberal Democrats have influenced the Coalition Government Policy in many ways. For example, Nick Clegg’s party has influenced the presence of gay marriage to be legal, prevented Michael Gove from introducing a two-tier exam to replace GCSEs, resisted Conservatives’ proposals to completely reform the NHS, cutting out the lowest paid earners of tax, and scrapping the Conservatives’ idea of a ‘Snooper Charter’. Firstly, the Liberal Democrats supported the Conservatives’ idea that those with the lowest personal incomes are to be cut out of income tax, which totals to over 880,000 individuals. This would allow low-earners to be able to live off more, increasing their personal allowance to £10,600, which was a joint effort from both parties, not just the Liberal Democrats. However, the Liberal Democrats have delivered a new 7% stamp duty on homes sold exceeding £2 million, also known as “Mansion tax”. In terms of the healthcare, Nick Clegg’s party has been resistant and successful in delaying the Conservatives proposals to completely restructure the NHS, which would have ended up being privatized, leading to people having to pay to be treated. Home Secretary Theresa May proposed that security services should be given the power to have access to everyone’s phone and email records, social media and internet activity, which would damage civil...
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...Will Biller Playoff Proposal: To Pass or Not To Pass In the never-ending discussion of a playoff system replacing the Bowl Championship Series poll in NCAA football, a controversial issue has been that universities are not acquiring their full amount of profit with the BCS. This long debated issue has many fans and analysts angry because they believe their input on the topic is the correct counsel. While some argue that the playoff system would be an outstanding opportunity for universities to show their true talent against higher ranked teams or the BCS has the potential to raise the greatest amount of revenue, others contend neither system should contend for the way to conclude a regular season of college football. Promoting the thought that a playoff system is an incredible step for NCAA football in his article, “Playoff, Please,” Phil Taylor inserts his theory that college football will thrive on its new system of determining national champions. Taylor is adamant about the concept of enforcing a new postseason system that he believes it will change the name of college football in an astonishing way. He believes that allowing universities to participate in a playoff system could potentially be “the best thing that has happened to college football” (Taylor 5). Taylor prefers the playoff system because he believes smaller universities do not get a fair shot at winning a national title. He ensures the BCS “favors prestigious football teams”, even if win records...
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