...*Jairrus Publico: theusername125@gmail.com Abstract This paper discusses how to determine the coefficient of static friction by finding the critical angle between two different surfaces in contact on an inclined plane. It aims to determine the coefficient of static friction between two surfaces in an inclined plane by measuring the critical angle θc, the steepest angle of incline in which the mass in contact does not slide. This paper also aims to show the relationship between the materials in contact and the effect of their masses to the critical angle θc. The experiment also shows the accuracy of using Newton's second law in measuring the coefficient of static friction. Keywords: static friction, coefficient of static friction, critical angle 1. Introduction Friction is the force that opposes motion. It is the resistance of surfaces moving against one another. It is a force that plays a very important role in our lives. Without it, we cannot walk, do our daily chores, and even slide endlessly due to external forces. This phenomenon remained unknown to the early people until Leonardo Da Vinci (1452-1519) studied and analyzed its importance in machines. He observed that different materials in contact move with varying ease. He stated the following laws; first, the areas in contact have no effect on friction and second, if the load of an object is doubled, its friction will also be doubled. This is an early manifestation of Newton's laws, which were defined 200...
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...*Jairrus Publico: theusername125@gmail.com Abstract This paper discusses how to determine the coefficient of static friction by finding the critical angle between two different surfaces in contact on an inclined plane. It aims to determine the coefficient of static friction between two surfaces in an inclined plane by measuring the critical angle θc, the steepest angle of incline in which the mass in contact does not slide. This paper also aims to show the relationship between the materials in contact and the effect of their masses to the critical angle θc. The experiment also shows the accuracy of using Newton's second law in measuring the coefficient of static friction. Keywords: static friction, coefficient of static friction, critical angle 1. Introduction Friction is the force that opposes motion. It is the resistance of surfaces moving against one another. It is a force that plays a very important role in our lives. Without it, we cannot walk, do our daily chores, and even slide endlessly due to external forces. This phenomenon remained unknown to the early people until Leonardo Da Vinci (1452-1519) studied and analyzed its importance in machines. He observed that different materials in contact move with varying ease. He stated the following laws; first, the areas in contact have no effect on friction and second, if the load of an object is doubled, its friction will also be doubled. This is an early manifestation of Newton's laws, which were defined 200 years...
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...diagram for each block. b. Find the acceleration of the blocks. c. Find the resultant force on each block. d. Find the magnitudes of the contact forces between the blocks. 2. A crate of weight Fg is pushed by a force on a horizontal floor as shown in the figure below. The coefficient of static friction is μs, and is directed at angle θ below the horizontal. e. Show that the minimum value of P that will move the crate is given by P=μsFgsecθ1-μstanθ f. Find the condition on θ in terms of μs for which motion of the crate is impossible for any value of P. (Use the following variable as necessary: μs.) 3. What horizontal force must be applied to a large block of mass M shown in the figure below so that the tan blocks remain stationary relative to M? Assume all surfaces and the pulley are frictionless. Notice that the force exerted by the string accelerates m2. (Use the following as necessary: m1, m2, M, and g.) 4. A crate of eggs is located in the middle of the flat bed of a pickup truck as the truck negotiates a curve in the flat road. The curve may be regarded as an arc of a circle of radius 30.5 m. If the coefficient of static friction between crate and truck is 0.650, how fast can the truck be moving without the crate sliding? 5. An object of mass m = 0.580 kg is suspended from the ceiling of an accelerating truck as in the figure below. Take a = 3.20m/s2. g. Find the angle θ that the string makes with the vertical...
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...Force Diatra Farasha In physics, a force is any influence that causes an object to undergo a certain change, either concerning its movement, direction, or geometrical construction. It is measured with the SI unit of newtons and represented by the symbol F. In other words, a force is that which can cause an object with mass to change its velocity (which includes to begin moving from a state of rest), i.e., to accelerate, or which can cause a flexible object to deform. Force can also be described by intuitive concepts such as a push or pull. A force has both magnitude and direction, making it a vector quantity. The original form of Newton's second law states that the net force acting upon an object is equal to the rate at which its momentum changes. This law is further given to mean that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on the object, is in the direction of the net force, and is inversely proportional the mass of the object. As a formula, this is expressed as: Related concepts to force include: thrust, which increases the velocity of an object; drag, which decreases the velocity of an object; and torque which produces changes in rotational speed of an object. Forces which do not act uniformly on all parts of a body will also cause mechanical stresses, a technical term for influences which cause deformation of matter. While mechanical stress can remain embedded in a solid object, gradually deforming it, mechanical stress in a fluid...
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...Lab Assignment 4: Types of Force Instructor’s Overview In many physics problems involving Newton’s laws of motion, you’ll see statements like, “assume a frictionless surface” or “neglecting air resistance…” In this lab we will be exploring both friction and air resistance, two resistive forces that are critical in the design of real-world products and systems. Understanding the effects of these types of forces is essential in the design of such things as aircraft, automobiles, braking systems, and countless other objects. This activity is based on Lab 4 of the eScience Lab kit. Although you should read all of the content in Lab 4, we will be performing a targeted subset of the eScience experiments. Our lab consists of two main components. These components are described in detail in the eScience manual. Here is a quick overview: * In the first part of the lab, you will measure the force it takes to pull objects of different mass. This experiment focuses on the effects of frictional forces. (eScience Experiment 1) * In the second part of the lab, you will investigate the effects of air resistance by performing controlled drops of coffee filters. Notes: * Please follow the instructions in this document for the air resistance experiment. * Record all of your data in the tables that are provided in this document. Take detailed notes as you perform the experiment and fill out the sections below. This document serves as your lab report. Please...
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...Module 1 Force And Friction A force is a push or pull upon an object resulting from the object's interaction with another object. Whenever there is an interaction between two objects, there is a force upon each of them. When the interaction ceases, the two objects no longer experience the force. Forces only exist as a result of an interaction. Force is a quantity which is measured using the standard metric unit known as the Newton. [pic] For simplicity sake, all forces (interactions) between objects can be placed into two broad categories: • contact forces, and • forces resulting from action-at-a-distance Contact forces are those types of forces which result when the two interacting objects are perceived to be physically contacting each other. Examples of contact forces include frictional forces, tensional forces, normal forces, air resistance forces, and applied forces. Action-at-a-distance forces are those types of forces which result even when the two interacting objects are not in physical contact with each other, yet are able to exert a push or pull despite their physical separation. Examples of action-at-a-distance forces include gravitational forces. For example, the sun and planets exert a gravitational pull on each other despite their large spatial separation. Even when your feet leave the earth and you are no longer in physical contact with the earth, there is a gravitational pull between you and the Earth. Electric...
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...The oldest love story in the world * The Story of Pyramus and Thisbe -is the oldest love story in the world. It's a story we still tell - and it's a tragedy.It's a familiar tale to all of us although we may not instantly recognise the names of the ancient lovers. You know it very well, it's the story of young lovers whose union is thwarted by their opposing parents and whose lives end in double suicide based on a misunderstanding. The story was recorded by the Roman poet Ovid in his Metamorphoses written sometime in the 1st century. Ovid heard the story from the Greeks, who heard the story (it is said) from Tunisian traders who heard it from Persian travellers. The 14th century saw a revival in its popularity with Petrarch recording the story in 1340, Boccaccio in 1342 and, in 1386, Chaucer wrote The Legend of Thisbe. So Shakespeare used the sorrowful story of Pyramus and Thisbe in Midsummer Night's Dream and enriched the plot in Romeo and Juliet, but he borrowed the story from Ovid, who borrowed it from the Greeks, who borrowed it from the Middle East. It was the basis for West Side Story. Pyramus and Thisbe, the Plot Legend tells us that Pyramus was the handsomest youth, and Thisbe the fairest maiden, in all Babylonia, where Semiramis reigned. The two lived in adjoining houses and contrived somehow to strike up an aquaintance by conversing through a crack in the shared wall. Friendship flourished and blossomed into love as the young couple shared their...
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...Chapter 1, Introduction CHAPTER 1 Conceptual Problems C1. A room in a house has a floor area of 120 ft2. Which of the following is most likely the approximate volume of the room? a. 3 m3 b. 30 m3 c. 300 m3 d. 3 000 m3 C2. When SI units are plugged into an equation, it is found that the units balance. Which of the following can we expect to be true for this equation? a. The equation will be dimensionally correct. b. The equation will be dimensionally correct except sometimes in cases when the right hand side of the equation has more than one term. c. The equation will not be dimensionally correct. d. All constants of proportionality will be correct. C3. How long has it been that scientists have accepted that the nucleus of the atom consists of neutrons and protons? Think of your answers in terms of order of magnitude. a. about a decade b. about a century c. about a thousand years d. since Aristotle C4. Consider the sine of any angle between 30° and 40°. If the angle were doubled, what would happen to the sine of the angle? a. It would double. b. It would more than double. c. It would increase but be less than double. d. In different cases, it could do any of the above. C5. There are other ways of expressing uncertainty besides significant figures. For example, suppose a quantity is known to have a value between 20.4 and 20.0 and our best estimate of the value is midrange at 20.2. We could write the number as 20.2 +/- 0.2 and say that the number has a 1% uncertainty. We would...
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...Electrical Engineering 101 Third Edition Electrical Engineering 101 Everything You Should Have Learned in School… but Probably Didn’t Third Edition Darren Ashby AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Newnes is an imprint of Elsevier Newnes is an imprint of Elsevier 225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA 02451, USA The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford, OX5 1GB, UK © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/ permissions This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating...
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