...Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy embodies several theoretical and practical approaches, with its foundation forming in the 1950’s with the introduction of behavior therapy (Vonk & Early, 2009). Cognitive Therapy is described as “a set of therapeutic procedures (Beck, 2011), developed by Aaron T. Beck, emerging in the 1960’s (Walsh, 2013, p.172) and forming a “popular, effective basis for intervention by social workers” (Walsh, 2013, p. 172). Cognitive Therapy later restructured into cognitive-behavioral therapy which implemented, “A structured, short-term, present-oriented psychotherapy for depressions, directed toward solving current problems and modifying dysfunctional thinking and behavioral” (Beck, 2011, p.3). The use of daily affirmations and sharing positive messages through the use of self-talk and visual examination are techniques that embody the practice and approach of CBT (Halbur & Halbur, 2011, p. 70). These techniques assist in helping the client understand what people think about them and how...
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...Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Social Work Values: A Critical Analysis A. Antonio González-Prendes, Ph.D. Wayne State University aa3232@wayne.edu Kimberly Brisebois Wayne State University Journal of Social Work Values and Ethics, Volume 9, Number 2 (2012) Copyright 2012, White Hat Communications This text may be freely shared among individuals, but it may not be republished in any medium without express written consent from the authors and advance notification of White Hat Communications Abstract Increasing numbers of clinical social workers use cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in their practice. This article analyzes how CBT fits with social work values and in particular with social justice. We propose that CBT is a good fit with the values of the profession and make suggestions for areas of improvement. Keywords: cognitive-behavioral therapy, social work values, social justice, social work practice 1. Introduction In a day when evidence-based practice has become so important to the social work profession, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has become one of the most frequently used forms of psychotherapeutic intervention. Extensive research supports the effectiveness of CBT approaches for a wide range of psychosocial issues (Dobson & Dobson, 2009; Granvold, 2011). It is one of the most widely researched and published models of therapy, with more than 325 published outcome studies that validate its efficacy (Butler, Chapman, ...
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...Psychotherapies Analysis Donnette Morris BEH/225 03/25/2016 Graciela Pulliam In this paper I will summarize three psychotherapies the main tenants of each therapy, their effectiveness in treating psychological disorders and their strengths. The psychotherapies that will be discussed in this essay are client centered therapy, cognitive therapy and behavioral therapy. Psychotherapies are classified as either insight, action or both which describes ultimate goal of the therapy. Insight refers to the therapies goal to bring clients to a deeper understanding of their thoughts, emotions, and behavior (Coon & Mitterer, 2009). Action refers to therapies designed to bring about direct changes in troublesome thoughts, habits, feelings, or behavior, without seeking insight into their origins or meanings (Coon & Mitterer, 2009). Psychotherapies can be classified as directive, non-directive or both referring to the role of the therapist. Directive refers to the therapist providing strong guidance and advice. Non-directive refers to the therapist merely assisting clients, who are responsible for solving their own problems. Psychotherapy may involve individual counseling, group or both (Coon & Mitterer, 2009). Client centered therapy is considered part of the humanistic school of therapy. Client centered therapy is classified as nondirective based on the insights from conscious thoughts and feelings. It can involve individuals or groups. Carl Rogers believed...
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...Quiz 5 Study Guide 1. Private logic includes which of the following: a. lifestyle goals, b. hidden reasons, c. immediate goals. d. All of the above 2. Adler believed that problems that come to therapy are related to: a. Career, love relationships and friendships b. Attention, power, inadequacy c. Career, sex, and power d. Revenge, career, relationships 3. Adler believed people need to be educated to value and exhibit: a. superiority b. social interest c. achievement d. career competency 4. Adler’s concept of style of life refers to: a. A person’s picture album b. The way a person meets personal needs c. The direction in which the person is moving d. The family constellation 5. Which of the following is a personality priority according to Adlerians? a. Disputing others b. Emotional liability c. Seeking revenge for inferiority d. Pleasing 6. Which of the following did Adler consider a barometer of mental health? a. Social interest b. Goals of misbehavior c. Lifestyle d. Inferiority complex 7. Which of the following is an Adlerian concept? a. a few people develop some sense of inferiority b. masculine protest - a striving for power is common to both sexes c. sexual pleasure is the prime motivator of behavior d. individual interest is more important than social interest 8. Which of the following are true of Adlerian psychology? a. behavior is mechanistic b. one's level of social interest is not a good measure...
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...The evolution of psychoanalytic was invented in the 60's to provide any concentrate on behavior. It was incorporated in the 70's and used on higher functioning behavioral children. This was also the treatment for anxiety. In times it produced negative outcomes; but with drugs anxiety was decreased. The difference between CBT and Psychodynamic Therapy is that with these two they concentrate on reducing distress; but psychodynamic therapy observes the reason why people behave the way they do; while CBT gets rid of symptoms by decreasing or changing behavior. CBT are also scientific theories in which can be proved. Example, learning how to behave is through the use of our emotions. This too was founded by Freud in the 40's. CBT therapies;...
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...schools of thought who were quick to question its scientific basis. Traditionally Eysenck (1952) not only challenged psychotherapy’s efficacy but also argued that it was “potentially harmful” (Miller, Hubble, Chow & Seidel, 2013:88). However, supporters of psychotherapy refuted Eysenck’s (1952) view and debate surrounding the fields worth began to accumulate. As a result psychotherapy research for the next few decades would focus on determining whether therapy was effective (House & Loewenthal, 2009). Subsequently, a plethora of studies that demonstrated its efficacy emerged (Smith Miller & Glass, 1980; Lambert & Bergin, 1994; Ahn & Wampold, 2001). So much so, that early studies revealed the treated population fared much better in comparison to their untreated counterparts (Sparks, Duncan & Miller, 2008:1; Asay & Lambert, 1999). The finding that psychotherapy is effective was further supported by “more abstract” mathematical summaries of empirical data (Asay & Lambert, 1999:24) Meta-analysis is just that a mathematical technique that is frequently used to produce estimates of the size of any treatment effects (Asay & Lambert, 1999:24). In applying...
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...Does Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Reduce Hallucinations in Patients with Schizophrenia? Grace Muiruri (NAME OF SCHOOL) Does Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Reduce Hallucinations in Patients with Schizophrenia? Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder that can be almost as disturbing to onlookers as it is to the sufferer because it is characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and behaviors. The schizophrenic him- or herself may find it difficult to settle into any kind of regular patterns that might constitute a more or less ordinary life, or at least one that had some regularity and continuity to it. Adding to the schizophrenic's problem adjusting might be the reactions of others to ongoing delusions and hallucinations. Recent studies have suggested that cognitive behavioral therapy may provide at least one avenue of treatment for those delusions and hallucinations, one of the schizophrenic's most intractable problems. The delusions and hallucinations represent a significant impairment for the schizophrenic, and diminishes his or her ability to dependably comprehend reality and develop meaningful insights into his or her situation. There has been a significant amount of research into the question of whether or not cognitive behavioral therapy might play a role in ending, or making less frequent, or even diminishing the intense of, the schizophrenic's hallucinations and delusions. Shawyer et al. (2012) looked at the special problem...
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...Description Treatment Focus Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a system of therapy originally developed by Marsha M. Linehan, a psychology researcher at the University of Washington, to treat people with borderline personality disorder (BPD). DBT combines standard cognitive-behavioral techniques for emotion regulation and reality testing with concepts of distress tolerance, acceptance, and mindful awareness largely derived from Buddhist meditative practice. DBT may be the first therapy that has been experimentally demonstrated to be generally effective in treating BPD. A meta-analysis found that DBT reached moderate effects. Research indicates that DBT is also effective in treating patients who present varied symptoms and behaviors associated with spectrum mood disorders, including self-injury. Recent work suggests its effectiveness with sexual abuse survivors and chemical dependency. Linehan observed "burn-out" in therapists after coping with non-motivated patients who against cooperation in successful treatment. Her first core insight was to recognize that the chronically suicidal patients she studied had been raised in profoundly invalidating environments, and, therefore, required a climate of unconditional acceptance, in which to develop a successful therapeutic alliance. Her second insight involved the need for a commensurate commitment from patients, who needed to be willing to accept their dire level of emotional dysfunction. Treatment Strategies and/or Techniques ...
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...Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Addictions Susan Folger COUN 503 B08 Liberty University February 19, 2014 Introduction The abuse of substances by adolescents is a major social problem that places a heavy burden on individuals, families, schools, medical systems and legal systems. Cognitive behavioral therapy puts its focus on the underlying cognitive processes and environmental cues that affect developmental issues and substance abuse. To address the problem of substance abuse relapse, “a secondary analysis involving administration of the Adolescent Relapse Coping Questionnaire (ARCQ) and the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs (GAIN) was conducted to understand adolescent’s cognitive-behavioral coping skills in relation to substance abuse relapse” (Hunter, 2006). The ARCQ is a three-part instrument that was designed to be used with adolescent substance abusers. This particular instrument assesses coping and appraisal in situations “where there is a high risk of relapse” (Hunter, 2006). The ARCQ has three factors that are made up of different coping strategies. There are 3 different factors involved. Factor 1: “cognitive behavioral strategies such as developing a plan and following through” (Hunter, 2006). Factor 2: “self-critical statements for example, blaming or criticizing” (Hunter, 2006). Factor 3: “abstinence-focused strategies such as attending meetings of Narcotics Anonymous or Alcoholics Anonymous” (Hunter, 2006). This particular instrument...
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...mental health therapy for many things but the main population for the area has issues with drug use. Lower Columbia Mental Health mainly focuses on cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for the treatment of drug use and to prevent relapse. After extensive research of the population the facility found that this is the most productive and effective form of treatment. Wayne Floor of Lower Columbia Mental Health stated that after years of being a first responder he knew that there needed to be more for people with addictions. He joined a team of individuals who also had similar views of what types of treatments were needed for the epidemic that they were all witnessing. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy was developed as a method to prevent relapse when treating problem drinking and later it was adapted for cocaine-addicted individuals (National Institute on Drug Abuse, n.d.).Cowlitz County is known for the problems with drugs such as methamphetamines and heroin. “The problem that we see, is that there are no “real” treatments only court enforced treatments for the people of this area” says Wayne. The therapists of Lower Columbia Mental Health all agreed that the best course of action is for therapy to consist of CBT. The central element of CBT is anticipating likely problems and enhancing patients’ self-control by helping them develop effective coping strategies (National Institute on Drug Abuse, n.d.). All of the therapist within the organization practice CBT and cognitive interventions...
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...On the contrary, Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is usually short term with a focus on helping clients deal with very specific problems. It is primarily geared towards assisting clients with learning how to identify and change disturbing or dysfunctional thought patterns which influence their behaviors negatively. Essentially cognitive behavioral therapy has a main goal of teaching clients to realize that despite not having control over every aspect of the world they are a part of, they are able to control how they interpret and cope with things in their surroundings. Likewise, cognitive behavior therapy has been found to facilitate strong therapeutic alliance as a result of its focus on psychoeducation, skill development, collaboration and the goal of immediate symptom relief which have been successful in improving psychological...
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...What does research indicate about clinical depression? What are the implications for treatment? Shvawn Christensen Psych 435 Athabasca University What does research indicate about clinical depression and what are the implications for treatment? The purpose of this paper is to logically provide a review about the biological and situational aspects of depression and the various forms of treatment. I will define what depression is, evaluate who depression affects and why, then proceed with the description of the most widely used methods of treatment, behavioral therapy and prescribed medication. I What is Depression? When it is referred to as your mood no one is exempt from some imbalance from time to time. This would be considered as normal day to day stress and living. However a diagnosis of depression is arrived at after a person has had or displayed a long struggle with feelings of sadness and hopelessness. As well if these feelings continue to affect and interfere with the person’s daily life. Unipolar and Bipolar are two types of mood disorders that can affect anyone of us. [People only troubled by depression would be diagnosed with “unipolar disorder” as this emotional disorder only affects one end of the mood continuum. However “bipolar disorder” affects both emotional ends of the mood continuum. People with this disorder will experience periods of both depression and mania] (Weiten & McCainn, 2007, p. 591)...
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...What causes addiction, and what is the best approach to counteract it? One contemporary view on the main causes of addiction is positive reinforcement. While there are many factors that contribute to both chemical and physical addiction, including psychosis, a disruptive childhood, or cognitive impairment, positive reinforcement is the major underlying characteristic that envelops an individual’s substance addiction (Osher, 1989). Though the reasons for compulsive drug self-administration varies widely, most, if not all users of drugs do so to avoid negative feelings including anxiety, depression, angst and fear (Goldsmith, Holzer & Manderscheid, 1998). Positive reinforcement is a concept first described by psychologist B. F. Skinner in his theory of operant conditioning. Skinner introduced reinforcement to the law of effect (Thorndike, 1905) in psychology, stating that behaviour that is reinforced is likely to be repeated and strengthened, while behaviour that is not reinforced will likely be extinguished (McLeod, 2007). Positive reinforcement refers to the rewarding and confident emotions that drug users experience when self-administering drugs or other substances. This theory highlights that the common denominator of a wide range of addictive substances is their ability to cause psychomotor activation (Wise & Bozarth, 1987). This view is related to the belief that all positive reinforcers activate a common biological mechanism, with one of the most common components...
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...Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly Volume 20, Number 3 • 2006 Principles of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety Disorders in Children Elizabeth A. Gosch, PhD, ABPP Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine Philadelphia, PA Ellen Flannery-Schroeder, PhD, ABPP University of Rhode Island, Kingston Christian F. Mauro, PhD Scott N. Compton, PhD Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC This article elucidates the theoretical underpinnings of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) as applied to the treatment of anxiety disorders in children, focusing on social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, and separation anxiety disorder. It reviews behavioral and cognitive theories that have influenced this approach. We argue that it is necessary to understand the essential components of this approach in the context of these theories in order to provide effective, clinically sensitive, and child-focused treatment. Components discussed include assessment, psychoeducation, affective education, self-instruction training, cognitive restructuring, problem solving, relaxation training, modeling, contingency management, and exposure procedures. Hypothesized key processes, such as the need to be experiential in treatment, are presented for consideration. Keywords: anxiety; children; cognitive behavior therapy; theory A nxiety disorders are among the most common mental health disorders in youth with / \ prevalence rates ranging from 12% to 20% (Achenbrach...
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...Major Depressive Disorder and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Argosy University Abnormal Psychology Brandy Rhodes 12/08/11 Abstract: Major depression disorder is a wide and complex disorder than many Americans suffer from. This paper will review the research and material of major depression disorder and the effective treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy. Although there are several types of therapy available to treat depression and other mood disorders, CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy) has been one of the most widely used and thought to be very effective in treating the disorder. First the paper will review what the disorder is and the criteria needed to diagnosis one with major depressive disorder and then we will take a look at how CBT helps the client overcome the signs and symptoms of the disorder. Lastly the paper will follow up with why CBT is thought to effective with treating major depressive disorder. Major Depressive Disorder and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Many clients’ that are seen in today’s clinics suffer from major depressive disorder (MDD) which is one of the most common disorders. “Major depressive disorder has a life time prevalence of 15.8 % (Mor and Haran, 2009). Many times MDD is characterized by early onset with development occurring throughout the life span. MDD is a disorder characterized by extreme depressed mood that lasts at least 2 weeks and includes cognitive symptoms such as feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness, and indecisiveness;...
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