...Nicolas Negroponte – Contributions to HCI and a Bid to “Save the World” In 2005, Nicholas Negroponte addressed the World Economic Forum with a computing idea to “save the world”. (1) Less than three years later, the One Laptop Per Child initiative (OLPC) launched into distribution with unprecedented cooperation of the United Nations, corporate funders, and governments organizations. Though it is early to review the success of Negroponte’s OLPC initiative, it provides us with an opportunity to explore the implications for rethinking the roles and responsibilities of individual researchers as key ethical players in the equitable design and distribution of technology. With corporations seeking new consumers to distribute technology and bridge the rapidly shrinking digital divide, it’s valuable to ask these questions while there is still time for researchers to contribute their leadership, vision, historical perspective, and critical thinking to ethically inform and guide this process. This paper will review Negroponte’s contributions to HCI and explore linkages to historical figures of the field. In addition, this paper aims to critically review Negroponte’s influence as an advocate for universal usability and the OLPC project. Architecture Machine Group In 1967 Negroponte founded the Architecture Machine Group at MIT. Researchers in the group invented new concepts and developed new approaches to human-computer interaction. Inspired, in part, by Ivan Sutherland’s Sketchpad...
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...The Burroughs, Hendon, London NW4 4BT, UK. e-mail address: adams@churchillians.net In summary, this work demonstrates the feasibility and acceptability of creating audio-only games plus new findings about the importance of the level of cognitive load, the nature of the learning curve, the different design methodologies and the different types of players for an understanding of the psychology of the player of the audio-only computer game. MOTIVATION FOR THIS RESEARCH Audio-only computer games are the primary focus of the present work. They are important for both practical and theoretical reasons. Computer games now form one of the biggest categories of software application in the world. Yet few of them are accessible for those players for whom visual displays are not appropriate, due to circumstances or visual disabilities. Equally, audio-only games provide an environment in which to investigate the psychology of the users of such games. We have deployed both existing games and those designed in collaboration with potential users, noting greater satisfaction with the latter. The objectives of this research were to investigate the psychology of the sound only game by exploring (a) the shape of learning curve and (b) the degree of cognitive overload on users when playing audio-only games. To do so, we have used simple experimental methods. We also explored what makes a truly enjoyable game by measuring our game players' performance and feedback individually. To date,...
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...faster. Today, several research directions of both disciplines come closer together and are beginning to build new research areas. Software Agents play an important role as research objects in Distributed AI (DAI) as well as in agentoriented software engineering (AOSE). Knowledge-Based Systems (KBS) are being investigated for learning software organizations (LSO) as well as knowledge engineering. Ambient Intelligence (AmI) is a new research area for distributed, non-intrusive, and intelligent software systems both from the direction of how to build these systems as well as how to design the collaboration between ambient systems. Last but not least, Computational Intelligence (CI) plays an important role in research about software analysis or project management as well as knowledge discovery in databases or machine learning. Furthermore, in the last five to ten years several books, journals, and conferences have focused on the intersection between AI and SE. The international conference and associated journal Automated...
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...A Comparative Study of Cognitive Radio Platforms Moshe Timothy Masonta CSIR Meraka and TUT P.O. Box 395 Pretoria 0001, South Africa Mjumo Mzyece Tshwane University of Technology (TUT) Pretoria, South Africa Fisseha Mekuria Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Pretoria 0001, South Africa mmasonta@csir.co.za mzyecem@tut.ac.za fmekuria@csir.co.za ABSTRACT Cognitive radio (CR) technology has become one of the buzzwords within the wireless communications community over the past 12 years. Its ability to learn, decide and adapt to the external environment made CR attractive to regulators, researchers, academia, politicians and the industry. CR promises to bring a paradigm shift in spectrum management policies from command-and-control regime to dynamic and opportunistic spectrum access. Despite more than a decade of research in the CR area, there are too little CR systems ready for the market. This lack of ready CR systems may reflect an overemphasis in the CR literature on theory and simulations with less work done in experimental-basedresearch and publications. In order to fast-track the real-life deployments of CR systems, the research community is now focusing on the development of CR platforms. With different software defined radio (SDR) packages and hardware available, it is confusing to decide which one to build or use. The objective of this paper is to study the design of CR platforms making use available SDR software packages and hardware...
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...Research Paper Human/Computer Interaction By Robert Schooley Business Finance 320 Rick Powell Columbia College Human/Computer Interaction This paper should provide an overview of human-computer interaction. It is interesting the methods humans have been using to interact with computers, and the relationship has been on a long journey. This journey has not ended however, in fact, it continues as new designs of computers utilize new technologies. New computer systems manifest on the market ever growing, every day, and the research of the human/computer interaction has been a rapid growing field in last twenty years. The development of adaptive interfaces instead of command and action-based ones was a big enough breakthrough. However, the active interfaces instead of the passive ones, is a major step forward. The growth in the field of human/computer interaction has been related to the quality of the interaction as well as the different branching areas experienced in its history. Rather than just designing normal interfaces, in the past the differing researching branches often had multiple focuses concerning the concepts relating to multimodality. This multimodality comprises an inter-disciplinary attitude which understands the communication and the representation is not just about language. For the last ten years it was developed to answer the questions, and address the much debated changes the society undergoes...
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...Design for Elderly Friendly Nurul Hidayah Ahmad Alemi SYS 705 Advanced Interaction Design Universiti Teknologi MARA nurul0903@yahoo.com Abstract—A number of senior citizen population or elderly people increased every year. There are many difficulties and weaknesses involve as we get older such as cognitive disabilities, memory decline, poor vision, thus the assistive technology nowadays should follows some design specification that suitable for an elderly to satisfy and simplify their everyday life needs. Hence, this paper attempts to discuss about the issues, concept, applications and design for elderly friendly in details. Keywords—Elderly: Assistive Technology: Design for Elderly. II. ISSUES In the past few years, people assume elderly pathetic, poor and unfortunate also useless. They have been national development and nation. On the other hand, designer should follow some design guidelines on how to design the assistive technology or application that suitable for the elderly depending on their type of impairment or disabilities. considered not so important in the community. Nowadays, community realize that the elderly should involve or participate in the social and community activities as they had a lot of knowledge, experience and I. INTRODUCTION Elderly is defined as aged 60 years and above. The number of older people is rapidly increasing in Malaysia and also in developing countries [1],[2]. The rapid wisdom that can be shared to give some ideas in the requirement...
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...WaKeFieLD Success Factors for Deploying Cloud Computing “a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (such as networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be quickly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.”14 The emergence of cloud computing is transforming the way organizations purchase and manage computing resources,17 providing a fundamentally different IT model in which a cloud provider might be responsible for a range of IT activities, including hardware and software installation, upgrades, maintenance, backup, data storage, and security. The result is that organizations can lower their IT capital expenditures ClOUD COMPUTiNg iS 62 Com muniCatio nS o F th e aCm | S epteM Ber 201 2 | vo L . 5 5 | N o. 9 and operating costs by purchasing ondemand technology resources (such as increased data storage, bandwidth, and processing power) while eliminating the need to maintain outdated equipment. Cloud services also include environments for application development and access to key technologies, software, and skilled IT personnel that might otherwise be too costly and difficult to obtain and maintain (see Figure 1). Along with hardware, software, and technology platforms, cloud computing delivers additional benefits, including reduced IT-related costs and increased business agility.18 With cloud computing, the IT expenses generally associated with...
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...Computer science From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Computer science or computing science (abbreviated CS) is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and of practical techniques for their implementation and application in computer systems.[1][2] Computer scientists invent algorithmic processes that create, describe, and transform information and formulate suitable abstractions to model complex systems. Computer science has many sub-fields; some, such as computational complexity theory, study the fundamental properties of computational problems, while others, such as computer graphics, emphasize the computation of specific results. Still others focus on the challenges in implementing computations. For example, programming language theory studies approaches to describe computations, while computer programming applies specific programming languages to solve specific computational problems, and human-computer interaction focuses on the challenges in making computers and computations useful, usable, and universally accessible to humans. The general public sometimes confuses computer science with careers that deal with computers (such as information technology), or think that it relates to their own experience of computers, which typically involves activities such as gaming, web-browsing, and word-processing. However, the focus of computer science is more on understanding the properties of the programs used to implement...
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...Running head: COURSE PROJECT Deloitte Consulting Gaining Market Leverage through New Technologies in Project Management Managerial Applications of Information Technology MIS 535 Abstract Technology tools are routinely used for collaboration, communication and deployment of project management practices; therefore, technology is important due to today’s challenges in a technology enabled workplace. Technology plays a major role in supporting project managers manage projects effectively and efficiently. The area of opportunity in project managing is still under study to pin point specific roles and responsibilities a project manager is responsible for in respect to the project team in an area that needs further study. Understanding relations between people related factors of project performance and a project manager’s performance. Interpretive structure modeling (ISM) methodology was used to determine the role of a project manager in both managing an improving performance. This project will analyze underlying interactions among these factors and understand the supportive function of technology to the project manager in improving project performance. Deloitte Consulting Gaining Market Leverage through New Technologies in Project Clients count on Deloitte to help them transform uncertainty into possibility and rapid change into lasting progress. Deloitte associates are skilled in knowing how to anticipate, collaborate, innovate and create. Even the most unforeseen...
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...Assisted Learning Imagine you had a computer with 10,000+ times the computing power than was necessary to put man on the moon, now imagine that computer easily fitting into your pants pocket. That is the current state of our technology. Yet even with our tremendous advancements people believe that having such easy access is detrimental to our society. I believe that the opposite is true, the Internet as a learning tool is of tremendous benefit. The Internet has an endless source of information but getting past all the headlines and top 10 lists can be a nuisance but well worth the perseverance. In 2012 author Nicholas Carr published the article “Is Google Making Us Stupid?” in which he argues that the structure of the Internet is resulting in shallower and scattered thought. Carr argues that the amount of information available on the web is causing him to “zip along the surface like a guy on a jet ski” (Carr 2). Carr believes that because information is so vast and quick to access it is rewiring his brain for decreased contemplation. While it may be true that skimming information is the easiest option, I believe that delving into a subject is just as simple. Recently I was interested in learning a programming language and was introduced to the website codeacademy.com where users can take a free guided online class to learn the basics of a language. I finished the class and had a much better understanding of coding than I had prior. But I realized that what I learned was just...
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...The Future of the Internet A Compendium of European Projects on ICT Research Supported by the EU 7th Framework Programme for RTD European Commission I nform ati on S oc i et y and M ed ia Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union New freephone number * 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00800 numbers or these calls may be billed. In certain cases, these calls may be chargeable from telephone boxes or hotels. «The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the European Commission or any of its officials» A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://www.europa.eu). Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication. ISBN 978-92-79-08008-1 © European Communities, 2008 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Printed in Belgium PRINTED ON CHLORE FREE PAPER The Future of the Internet A Compendium of European Projects on ICT Research Supported by the EU 7th Framework Programme for RTD European Commission I nform ati on S oc i et y and M ed ia ••• 2 Preface 5 priorities identified by the Internet Governance Forum: openness, security, access, diversity and critical Internet resources. The use of the Internet in public policies will considerably grow in areas such as education, culture, health and e-government...
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...Abstract—Cognitive Femtocell has been envisioned as a highly promising solution for spectrum scarcity problems and local-convergence demands for indoor network applications. However, the achievable gains from Cognitive Femtocell deployment is limited by the hidden node problem leading to increased interference and consequently reduced spectrum efficiency. In this paper we compare the degree of performance enhancement when a cooperative mode is used to share information about the channel versus when standalone decisions are taken about the state of the channel. Simulation results indicate superior performance of the cooperative mode in terms of the number of observed hidden nodes and probabilities of detection and false alarm. Keywords—Femtocell; Cognitive Radio; Dynamic Spectrum Access; Energy Detection; Hidden Node Problem; Spectrum Sensing; IEEE 802.22. I. INTRODUCTION Recent surveys have shown that indoor traffic accounts for more than 50% of the total data and voice traffic carried in wireless networks with most of the traffic originating from homes, airports, and schools [1] .This skyrocketing growth of indoor traffic coupled with the increased user demand for high broad band services necessitates new solutions that will provide the required indoor coverage and bandwidth. The existing macrocells are not efficient at delivering indoor coverage due to the high penetration losses in walls during signal propagation which leads to low coverage regions (black spots) [2].The...
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...and continues to play an important role in many colleges of education. The particular subdiscipline of educational technology we will explore in this paper does not have a long history. Information technology and teacher education (ITTE) is now a scholarly and professional discipline, but it has only recently become so. During the 1970s and early 1980s, while most educational technology programs continued to emphasize more traditional concepts and skills such as the systematic design and development of instructional materials, a separate group of graduate programs emerged that provided some of the foundations for ITTE. These programs, usually at the master's level but sometimes at the doctoral level, were generally known as "educational computing" programs. They dealt with skills and concepts needed to support the educational uses of computers in schools (and to some extent in business and industry). During the 1970s, the use of computers for education was quite limited, and many programs attempted to be all things to all people. However, as the field...
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...Artificial intelligence From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search "AI" redirects here. For other uses, see Ai. For other uses, see Artificial intelligence (disambiguation). Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science that aims to create it. AI textbooks define the field as "the study and design of intelligent agents"[1] where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chances of success.[2] John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1955,[3] defines it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines."[4] AI research is highly technical and specialized, deeply divided into subfields that often fail to communicate with each other.[5] Some of the division is due to social and cultural factors: subfields have grown up around particular institutions and the work of individual researchers. AI research is also divided by several technical issues. There are subfields which are focussed on the solution of specific problems, on one of several possible approaches, on the use of widely differing tools and towards the accomplishment of particular applications. The central problems of AI include such traits as reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, communication, perception and the ability to move and manipulate objects.[6] General intelligence (or "strong AI") is still among the field's long term goals.[7] Currently popular approaches include statistical...
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...The Fluidity of Computer Science. Gender Norms & Racial Bias in the Study of the Modern "Computer Science" Computer science or computing science designates the scientific and mathematical approach in computing. A computer scientist is a scientist who specialises in the theory of computation and the design of computers. Its subfields can be divided into practical techniques for its implementation and application in computer systems and purely theoretical areas. Some, such as computational complexity theory, which studies fundamental properties of computational problems, are highly abstract, while others, such as computer graphics, emphasize real-world applications. Still others focus on the challenges in implementing computations. For example, programming language theory studies approaches to description of computations, while the study of computer programming itself investigates various aspects of the use of programming languages and complex systems, and human-computer interaction focuses on the challenges in making computers and computations useful, usable, and universally accessible to humans. Computer science deals with the theoretical foundations of information, computation, and with practical techniques for their implementation and application. History The earliest foundations of what would become computer science predate the invention of the modern digital computer. Machines for calculating fixed numerical tasks such as the abacus have existed since antiquity...
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