...HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Born in the Carolinas in 1898, Pepsi-Cola has a long and rich history. The drink is theinvention of Caleb Bradham (left), a pharmacist and drugstore owner in New Bern, NorthCarolina. In the late1890's, he had been experimenting withCoca andKola extracts in thesyrup form. By mixing this syrup with carbonated water, he produced a very pleasingbeverage that not only tasted good but also made his customers and friends feel good. Hepromoted it as a cure of dyspepsia (indigestion). Initially called Brads Drink by his local friends, the drink was formally titled PEPSI COLAin 1898. By 1902 the syrup was so popular that Caleb was devoting most of time in the preparation, packaging, marketing, advertising, and overseeing thedistribution of it to other pharmacies. His sales increased rapidly and in1904 he boughtthe Bishop Mill and converted it into his bottling plant for Pepsi Cola. In 1907, hepurchased adjoining land and built a three-story addition to the factory to serve as office space for his new company. By the end of1909 Caleb Bradham had250 franchises in24 different states, hisbusinesses continued to grow till1920 when volatile sugar prices caused the beginning ofthe rapid decline in his fortune. Bankruptcy was declared in March,1923 and the PEPSIformula passed through the series of folding companies until1931, when Loft CandyCompany in New York purchased it. In1934, Pepsi began offering twice as much softdrink for the same 5-cent price and sales soared...
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...Nazi Germany and the Spanish Civil War Continuity in Hitler’s Foreign Policy Tom Goldstein Professor Herf HIST441 May 15, 2001 The Spanish Civil War (1936-9) was a very important event during the tense1930s in Europe. Although it did not make World War II inevitable, it increased the likelihood of a general war a great deal. The war had a tremendous impact on Spain itself, leaving much of the state’s economic and social infrastructure in ruins and leaving thousands dead. But the war also saw involvement from other European states as both sides of the conflict – the Right-wing Nationalists and the Left-wing Republicans (a.k.a. Loyalists) – requested and received foreign aid not only in terms of financial assets, but also in terms of war material and troops. Adolf Hitler’s Germany was one of the foreign countries most involved in the conflict, contributing economic loans as well as several thousand troops to the Nationalist cause. Hitler’s involvement in the Spanish war was consistent with a larger Nazi foreign policy aimed at diverting British and French attention from Central and Eastern Europe so that he would be unhindered in his plans for eastern expansion. However, the ramifications of the Spanish war for the rest of Europe were great in other ways. The Spanish Civil War was a major contributor to the hardening of the division between the democracies (Britain and France) and the dictatorships (Italy and Germany). Germany also...
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...as time progressed, Spain lost most of their territory through wars and the struggle for independency in the colonies. They did manage however, to keep their main sources of power such as Puerto Rico and Cuba. During the 1890s, the United States became a world power itself. They sought out to deem nearby assets which included Cuba and Puerto Rico. The U.S had millions of dollars invested in business in Cuba. They had investments in the islands, sugar, tobacco and mining industries and public utilities. The U.S needed to maintain a strong political presence in Cuba in order to protect its economic interest. In 1895, Jose Marti and the Cuban Revolutionary Party lead a revolt against Spain. Sympathy rose high for the Cubans through the use of yellow journalism which documented what was occurring in Cuba. William Randolph Hearts, who dominated the newspaper in American, exploited and exaggerated the Spanish oppression of poor Cuba. The American public demanded that President McKinley do something about the situation, so he sent a naval fleet to Havana. A submarine mine exploded in Havana Harbor in Cuba, sinking the U.S. battleship Maine. Although it was never proven, America placed responsibility on Spain. “Remember the Maine!” became the war’s most famous slogan. Another incident that led to the increase of intensity between Spain and the U.S was the publication of a stolen letter in the New York Journal. The Spanish ambassador sent a letter which referred to President McKinley...
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...forces During Spanish war, those fighting him trying to get countries (like the US) to support the Republic – thought the regime was fascist Calling Franco fascist gave Republicans moral authority Not Fascist? - Franco was personally not a supporter of fascism, he was a traditionalist – law and order, nationalist and a good Catholic (Franco deliberately gave the Church more power) He wanted to revive Spain’s past rather than doing something new Fascist? - Franco was a dictator His rule was only supposed to last the duration of the civil war – he would do anything to stay in power Head of the army and the government, mass propaganda, surveillance, denunciations Fascist style military parades He even took up painting in order to be more like Hitler Violently anti-communist Economic policy Franco wanted Spain to be Autarky (definition – the quality of being self-sufficient) Spain, under Dictator Francisco Franco, was an autarky from 1939 until Franco allowed outside trade again in 1959, coinciding with the beginning of the "Spanish miracle" Franco didn’t understand economics Los anos del hambre, Franco believed that the liberal model was responsible for the failure of Spain The State itself undertook to industrialize the country Price fixing by the government caused extensive damage Estraperlo (black market) Foreign policy Withdraws Spain from the league of Nations – just like Italy and Germany Franco declares Spain neutral (2nd WW) Spanish ports gave way...
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...------------------------------------------------- Spanish Civil War (incidents) – Izquierda Republicana (1937) Izquierda Republicana 2013/1/12 Editorial Denny Kim The ‘Spanish Civil War’ was an outcome of a polarization of Spanish life and politics that had developed over previous decades. Which perhaps was predictable, the “pendulum of Spanish electoral politics swung back to the left” [1] in 1936. Spanish Left-Wing party adopted and practiced electoral strategy called ‘Popular Front’ (strategy of electoral cooperation of unification of vote; thus defeating right-wing parties) supported by ‘Comintern / Communist International’ in France [3]. The practice of ‘Popular Front’ was an effort to prohibit extreme-right from taking power. On the other hand, the Right -Wing formed a ‘National Front’ coalition in response, which caused more polarization. As a result, the socialist withdrew their support for the ‘Popular Front’ as protest of its moderation. Hence, public disturbance occurred sooner soon started spiraling the country out of control. Nevertheless in 1936, February, the first general election of the ‘Second Republic’ was “called to restore order” [1]. The Left-Wing Popular Front coalition won and gave a majority to a coalition of the Republican Left IR (Izquierda Republicana). Out of 13.5 million Spanish populations, over 9,870,000 participated in the election. There were 4,654,116 votes for the ‘Popular Front’, whereas there were 4,503,505 for National Front...
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...1. Lkjhgfdstfhyl;okihjufd How similar were the dictatorships of Primo de Rivera and Franco? 2. lkpoijhudfsnmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmhjgdfxxxxkjhgfdsfxcghkj Lkjhgfdstfhyl;okihjufd How similar were the dictatorships of Primo de Rivera and Franco? lkpoijhudfsnmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmhjgdfxxxxkjhgfdsfxcghkj 1. Lkjhgfdstfhyl;okihjufd How similar were the dictatorships of Primo de Rivera and Franco? lkpoijhudfsnmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmhjgdfxxxxkjhgfdsfxcghkj 1. Lkjhgfdstfhyl;okihjufd How similar were the dictatorships of Primo de Rivera and Franco? lkpoijhudfsnmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmhjgdfxxxxkjhgfdsfxcghkj 1. Lkjhgfdstfhyl;okihjufd How similar were the dictatorships of Primo de Rivera and Franco? lkpoijhudfsnmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmhjgdfxxxxkjhgfdsfxcghkj 1. Lkjhgfdstfhyl;okihjufd How similar were the dictatorships of Primo de Rivera and Franco? lkpoijhudfsnmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmhjgdfxxxxkjhgfdsfxcghkj 1. Lkjhgfdstfhyl;okihjufd How similar were the dictatorships of Primo de Rivera and Franco? lkpoijhudfsnmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmhjgdfxxxxkjhgfdsfxcghkj 1. Lkjhgfdstfhyl;okihjufd How similar were the dictatorships of Primo de Rivera and Franco? lkpoijhudfsnmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmhjgdfxxxxkjhgfdsfxcghkj 1. Lkjhgfdstfhyl;okihjufd How similar were the dictatorships of Primo de Rivera and Franco? lkpoijhudfsnmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmhjgdfxxxxkjhgfdsfxcghkj 1. Lkjhgfdstfhyl;okihjufd How similar were the dictatorships of Primo de Rivera and Franco? lkpoijhudfsnmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmhjgdfxxxxkjhgfdsfxcghkj 1...
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...Webquest – The Spanish Civil War • When did the Spanish Civil War take place and why and how did it start? - 1936 to 1939 between the republicans supported by democrats and communists, and Francisco Franco who was supported by conservative and the catholic church to a certain extent. - Economically, the country had been deeply hit by the Great Depression after the wall street crash, in 1929 the military dictatorship that had ruled Spain since 1923 collapsed and in 1931 the republicans came to power. Which followed a period where the two political rivals both had periods where they had the power as the elected government. So the country was divided and unstable that in 1936 the army rebelled and forcibly removed the Republicans from power. so the civil war ensued. - The war began after a declaration of opposition by a group of generals of the Spanish R.A.F. (Republican Armed Forces) • How did the war end? What was the result? - The better organized and better equipped Nationalist forces won the war after Madrid was captured in March 1939. Hitler's position in Europe was now more powerful, since had another potential ally in the right-wing dictator of Spain, General Franco. - The participation and co-operation in the civil war strengthened the bond between Italy and Germany, as a result the Rome-Berlin Axis was formed. Italy and Germany were then firm allies. • What/whom was the POUM? - What/whom was the POUM? - The Workers' Party of Marxist aunification, was...
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..."The Spanish-American War of 1898 transformed the United States into a major overseas power" (Schultz, 2014). The major reasons for the Spanish-American War of 1898 were for a variety of humanitarian, geopolitical, and commercial causes. The Cubans strived for independence from the harsh treatment by the Spanish and in 1895, violence erupted, provoking an interracial rebellion between the Cubans and the Spanish government. The three-year-long war devastated the Cuban economy, which had impacted the Americans that were heavily invested in the Cuban sugar plantations. Despite the lack of support from the Cubans for the U.S. to enter the war, it became inevitable in February of 1898 after the U.S. intercepted a letter from Spain's U.S. Ambassador...
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...any other light as manifestation of an type of unfriendly disposition toward the United States. The speech was delivered in the context of the formation of the Holy Alliance also the breakdown of the Spanish colonial rule...
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...exploded. Despite the facts that proved Spain was innocent, the people were stubborn and did not change their mindset. Document F also states, “under the Declaration of Independence you cannot govern a foreign territory, a foreign people, another people than your own...you cannot subjugate them and govern them against their will, because you think it is for their good, when they do not.” George F. Hoar critically says this because he represented the Congress and wanted to stay true to the values that America was built upon. As a senator, he might also be trying to rally up more votes to remain in office longer. Finally, there were violent events that took place in order to take control of the territories such as the Spanish-American War, the Philippine War, the Boxer rebellion, etc. There were many unnecessary casualties that could have been avoided if the U.S. had just allow them to be independent, but still maintain an influence. Therefore, the U.S. was not justified in being an imperial power. ...
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...center of Spanish-American conflicts. Since 1895, Cubans had been in open revolt against Spanish democratic rule. The next year, Spain sent General Valeriano Weyler to Cuba to put an end to the rebels. Citizens suspected in supporting independence were sent to concentration camps. Many people died in the concentration camps from malnutrition and disease however, not many were executed. When the new reached the American public they were outraged. At this time American’s received there headlines from publishers like William Randolph Hearst or Joseph Pulitzer know as yellow journalist. In February 1898, the relationship between the United States and Spain became even more strained, when a letter from the Spanish minister Dupuy de...
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...affected Madrid, but also started to affect other Spanish cities and nearby countries as time went by. Pedro Almodovar and his films represented a certain significance brought to our attention at the end of the Franco regime. During the Franco regime, people were expected to abide by a strict set of social structures, mostly focused on relations between the sexes, traditional families, drug use, and freedom of expression. Almodovar and his films were part of the great “transition” between the Francoist regime and the integration of the so-called “New Spain”, which allowed the queer community of Madrid freedoms they had never experienced before. La Movida de Madrileña became the official image of Spain and created a new vibrant society for young people. Most recognized by the surge of artistic activity during the political transition in Madrid, it was considered a cultural renaissance and a countercultural movement after Franco’s death in 1975, giving the people of Madrid a new sense of freedom. Through 1980 to 1985, La Movida represented people that wanted institutional support within Madrid and the rest of Spain. La...
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...In the United States past, there was a policy called the Monroe Doctrine. The policy’s main goal was to limit Europe to invading our country. One reason to make this policy is to not interfere with Europe and it's concerns. Another is about Europe trying to extend their country to North and South America, and we’ll defend those countries. The last reason is that if Europe tries to come to our countries, we will see it as a threat. The one reason that the Monroe Doctrine was made is so we don’t interfere with any of its concerns, because we are it's enemy and heroes don't help enemies, do they? “..which is, not to interfere in the internal concerns of any of it's powers… (Excerpt, Monroe Doctrine)”. This quote from the excerpt tells us that...
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...Mohamad Razeq Professor Cesar Gallardo English 113 16 May 2012 The Girl After Her Inside Reality The film Pan’s Labyrinth is about Francisco Franco taking power as dictator in Spain. It depicts violence and repression from the Francoise regime, as well as by resistance from antifascist guerrillas who hide in the mountains and are aided by village sympathizers. Ofelia ́s stepfather, Vidal, is a cruel captain in Franco’s Civil Guard based at a rural military post. As figure of Fascism, Vidal is in charge of fighting the guerrillas who resist his regime. Ofelia is an orphan whose father died in obscure circumstances during the Spanish Civil War. Carmen, her mother, remarried Vidal who controls her and limits her to being a housewife. She is constantly sick and weak to the point where she cannot leave the bedroom during the last weeks of her pregnancy with Vidal’s child. From the beginning of the story, it is clear that Ofelia does not have a good relationship with her stepfather. Vidal is incapable of noble feelings, and completely uninterested in any type of familial relationship with Ofelia. The main theme of the story centers on Ofelia’s internal struggle—mirroring the political route that she takes in the story. Ofelia loves to read fairy tales, although her mother disapproves of her reading and encourages her to stop. In the film, Carmen does not seem to be very interested in Ofelia’s interests or her emotional well being, but rather constantly thinking of ways to please...
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...pursuing imperialism. Bully Pulpit is a way Theodore Roosevelt used presidency to influence legislation and laws. The square deal is a program designed to protect the common people against big business. The Panama Canal was apart of this because Theodore Roosevelt gave $20 million dollars to Panama but the people of Panama disagreed. The United States wanted to spread their capitalism and market. The United States used imperialism to gain control of Panama from the French. The American-Spanish war started when the USS Maine explosion killed over 1000 americans, but the explosion was accident in the boiler room in the ship, the country believed it was a Spanish sabotage. President William McKinley reacted by demanding that among other things Spain give Cuba its independence but Spain did not comply. When McKinley approached Congress to declare war against Spain they agreed only if Cuba was promised independence. Simpson 2 The war lasted for six months, the Treaty of Paris ended the Spanish-American War. Which resulted Puerto Rico & Guam falling under American control, Cuba gained it’s independence and the Platt Amendment was passed as part of the Cuba Constitution. This gave the United States Guantanamo Bay as a military base....
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