...Cold Seeps A cold seep (sometimes called a cold vent) is an area of the ocean floor where hydrogen sulfide, methane and other hydrocarbon-rich fluid seepage occurs. Cold seeps are distinct from hydrothermal vents: the former's emissions are of the same temperature as the surrounding seawater, whereas the latter's emissions are super-heated. Cold seeps constitute a biome supporting several endemic species. Cold seeps occur over fissures on the seafloor caused by tectonic activity. Oil and methane "seep" out of those fissures, are diffused by sediment, and emerge over an area several hundred meters wide. Methane (CH4) is the main component of what we commonly refer to as natural gas. In addition to being an important energy source for humans, methane also forms the basis of a cold seep ecosystem. Cold seep biota below 200 m typically exhibit much greater systematic specialization and reliance on chemoautotrophy than those from shelf depths. Deep-sea seeps sediments are highly heterogeneous. They sustain different geochemical and microbial processes that are reflected in a complex mosaic of habitats inhabited by a mixture of specialist (heterotrophic and symbiotic-associated) and background fauna. During the initial stage, when methane is relatively abundant, dense mussel beds also form near the cold seep. Mostly composed of species in the genus Bathymodiolus, these mussels do not directly consume food. Instead, they are nourished by symbiotic bacteria that also produce energy...
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...need for preventative actions. Slight problem: cold related problems are found that impairs the conditions at the workplace. Effects however are judged as slight to moderate and corrective actions and not immediately required. The research was carried out in a large and modern freeze dry coffee factory in Colombia, located at an elevation of 1360m and with an average temperature of 26®c. The descriptive study was based on all twenty four (24) workers performing tasks inside three cold stores. All the workers were male and the participation research was voluntary. The informed consent to participate in the study. The participants completed a standardized questionnaire on paid work time. One of the researchers explained the questionnaire individually to each worker. The response required anonomosity and no company officer was present in the dissemination and completion of the questionnaire. The specific symptoms inquired in the questionnaire were about pain, ache or discomfort in specified body parts during the preceding year and during the seven (7) days thereafter. The questionnaire also inquired whether the symptoms suffered prevented the individual from doing his normal routine of work. This included demographic items such as age and gender, ethnicity as well as questions on the number of years spent on the job and their medical history. Health questionnaire about cold experience (See Appendix). For the detection of cold-related health problems, the health check questionnaire...
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...Part I First and foremost, I love cases that are only a few pages. Easier to read and more fun to discuss. In this case, Carter Racing was faced with a decision to race or not to race. The dilemma is that their engine has been breaking at 29% rate. We believe that the engine failure is correlated to the temperature and we have a scatterplot to help visualize this. Still, we have other pressing matters concerning our financial position. If we do not race, we lose out $85,000. If we decide to race, based on our record, we have a 50% chance of placing “in the money” and gaining a lucrative $2 million sponsorship. If we race and don’t win, there are two outcomes: just losing & engine blowout. Just losing is still a lucrative outcome since we will be keeping sponsorship, but blowing out an engine will cost us an $800,000 sponsorship. As a business student, my inclination is to valuate this decision based on monetary value and had set up a decision tree. This tree showed that the value of winning well exceeded the cost of losing or not racing. If I rely on the data, racing at 40 degrees, which is well below the temperatures my engine failures have occurred, I shouldn’t race. But in a business setting, not racing, I incur more costs and fail to take advantage of the opportunities presented to me. Race time is in one hour. Part II I need help. So I decide to get a mechanic’s opinion on why I’m experiencing engine failure. The guy has been in the racing game since he was 16...
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...situation has me moving from a rather cold to temperate climate to a rather hot and sticky one. So I set out in search of information on acclimation to extreme temperatures. • Heat acclimatization identifies biological adaptations that lessen physical strain (e.g., heart rate and body temperature), improved comfort and protection of vital organs from heat injury. (U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) manual on heat acclimation, Pub.-July 2012) • Heat acclimatization speaks directly concerning a certain environment, (e.g., a desert, jungle or the arctic.) Acclimatization to similar environments really improves comfort levels and ability to be active. (U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) manual on heat acclimation, Pub.-July 2012) None of us can control snow, rain or wind, but we can train our bodies to adapt better, perform better and be less stressed. Humans can employ very similar techniques when acclimating to extreme environments, both hot and cold. Acclimation occurs in direct response to an ever changing environment. Acclimatization is the specific physiological changes which occur. Capillaries open wider to allow for more warm blood to enter in cold climates. Blood is redirected in heat to better more efficiently cool our bodies. Even psychological changes occur in this transition. We begin feeling less stressed by extreme temperatures and we begin emotionally feeling that “maybe it is not so hot/cold after all”. Our perceptions effect our...
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...as survival and perseverance. But the main theme shown in both is "in the wild, there are many factors which determine one's chances of survival." The two main characters go through similar events in their respective stories. The two men go through conflict of man vs. nature and are in comparable settings. In TFB an unidentified main character travels through extremely cold weather in order to make to his camp site. The grey also takes place in the north, a terrible storm causes their plane to crash in the frozen wilderness. It is significantly cold in TFB: “Fifty degrees below zero meant 80 degrees of frost. Such facts told him that it was cold and uncomfortable, and that was all.” Both males understand what such cold weather can do, although one shows it more than the other. Another problem with nature they encounter is the animals they must deal with. Ottway (Liam Neeson) and the other men encounter wolves multiple times while in TFB he knows killing the dog will provide him with warmth. They all show perseverance even with the many conflicts they must deal with. The men must endure the extreme cold temperature in order to survive. Snow was one of the main parts of the settings. With both stories set in the frozen wilderness the men acknowledge how to use their surroundings in order to survive. For example in TBF he realizes he could use the dog in order to help him stay in warm until he can build a fire. In The Grey the group uses left over supplies from the plane in...
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...The wolf was surely known for being quite brash and stupid. This wasn't any different than all the other times he had put himself in danger. Nothing about running towards the storm wasn't a Kyler thing to do except maybe that he hated snow but somehow he knew this wasn't snow. Snow clouds don't look like that. Not for second though had he thought to think, 'well golly gee, what if I blooming die?!" For a person afraid of death he was really bad at decreasing his chances of kicking the bucket. In fact, he had almost killed himself about 10 times since this winter. The icy gusts of wind blew through his pure white pelt. Gradually the pieces of ice got bigger and a few knocked Ky in his thick head. A wild flash of lightning striked a large column of stone next to him as he ran by. Kyler smiled smugly at this still running at a pretty fast pace. As if the avatars themselves were telling him to stop temping "fate" lightning strikes directly right by Ky, the wolf somehow not being electrocuted by the flash. He would've beamed at this too if it wasn't for the fact that it caused him to tumble. In the least graceful way he fell to the ground rolling straight towards a stranger in the field. He was put off course though by another pillar that he scraped the side of his face with. The abrasion wasn't very big but it was bleeding a bit. It hadn't knocked him out but it certainly would start hurting. He slowly came to a stop by the deer-like lady just as she finished her cry for help. He...
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...winter because of the snow and Christmas? Summer and winter have few similarities, yet many big differences. The first big difference between summer and winter is the weather. In the summertime it is usually warm and sunny and fun to be outside. You can go swimming, to the beach, sum bathe, go boating, and all of those fun summer activities everyone looks forward to. In the wintertime most people think of coldness, but you can still have fun. You can go ice skating, sledding, and skiing. In the winter you see a lot about car accidents do to the messy weather, but in the summer you don't so much. Many people hate winter, because it is so cold and miserable. The cold temperatures and weather can greatly affect your mood and emotional habits. It's the time of year when people are reporting feeling depressed because of the dark, cold winter months. The less sunlight, the more down people feel. Another thing is that you don't have school in the summer. You can enjoy a great amount of free time and do pretty much whatever you want. In the wintertime everyone is going crazy over Christmas, shopping, and traveling to see relatives. Summer is a very lazy and relaxed enjoyable season. Winter is more hectic and busy, and there sometimes are family conflicts because of this holiday season. Although winter is a very hectic and stressful season, it's great to get together with family and friends and enjoy the spirit of the season. In the summer, you can also visit family and friends...
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...I’M THE KING OF THE CASTLE In the part where starts from page 79 “Outside, it was queer” and finishes with p.82 “then swung the satchel on to his back”, the writer uses a various techniques to convey an atmosphere of fear and mystery. In the beginning of the paragraph, there is a sense of fear mixed with mystery; “queer”, “yew trees”, “like closed eyes”. “The yew trees” also symbolize death and darkness while the simile “like closed eyes” symbolizes the innocence of the Warings, contrasted to the truth and reality, which is how horrible Warings is. It can also mean that he’s getting away from the darkness he has previously been in. “shuttered” and “blank” are the examples of the powerful vocabulary that are used to convey this tense atmosphere, to support this idea of fear and contrast to what Warings actually symbolize. The use of the short sentences, such as “He turned away”, helps the reader to wonder what will happen next while conveying a sense of fear and mystery. The “grey mist seeped damply through his clothes” has a powerful effect on the reader as it shows that the mist, which symbolizes Kingshaw’s thoughts are taking over his clothes, which is basically Kingshaw, himself. The fact that “he could not see very far ahead” because of the mist shows the reader that Kingshaw can’t see his future as well, as he’s lost in his “mist”, thoughts. The reminder of the crow incident makes the reader shiver while feeling pity for him as it comes up in his memories. The word “followed”...
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...Flour Beetles Inhibition of flour beetle egg-hatching via refrigeration Abstract A demonstration of the scientific method is presented. Samples of flour are stored at various temperatures to determine if cold storage inhibits flour beetle egg hatching. Introduction I received a bread machine one year for Christmas. I never seem to have yeast, flour, eggs, and extra add-ins like caraway seeds or whole-wheat flour all fresh and available in my kitchen at the same time. One day while at the grocery store, I stopped and bought some baker’s yeast so I could make some bread. I knew I had flour, eggs, garlic and rosemary at home; so with the purchase of yeast I would be all set to make some foccacia bread – my favorite. I got home and proofed the yeast, started the bread by mixing an egg, oil and water, and then measured out the flour. As I poured the flour into the machine I noticed some dark specks. When I took a closer look, I found that the specks were actually bugs! Gross! Where the heck did those bugs come from? Am I such a lousy housekeeper that my cabinets are filled with bugs? It turns out that the bugs in the flour are flour beetles. The eggs may already be in the flour when you buy it at the store (Lewis et al., 1997). If you leave the flour at room temperature for a long enough time, with enough warmth and humidity, the eggs will...
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...In thirty degrees temperatures, the average human will become uncomfortable, however, being exposed to ten-degree weather can be detrimental to the body. At first the body will begin to shiver in attempt to warm itself, but over time the body shuts down, and becomes numb. The freezing weather in Hunters in the Snow by Tobias Wolff symbolizes the cold words of friends and the numbness the main characters develop. The first sentence of the story introduces the weather and Tub “paced the sidewalk to keep warm,” (160). When Tub’s friends arrive, he is cold, but is still sensitive to their negative comments. “ ‘I’m cold,’ Tub said. Frank breathed out, ‘Stop bitching, Tub. Get centered.’ ‘I wasn’t bitching,” (161). By the time the group arrives...
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...(Little, 175). As to the desire, it demonstrates aspects such as greed and jealousy that destroys the world. Greed and jealousy are things that affect one’s emotion and mind to think clearly. Once the two aspects overwhelm one, he or she becomes restless. The two things are like fire that keep on burning in the mind and become difficult to be stop until a particular agenda is achieved; like murder. Jealousy and greed are the things that destroy the world in recent days. People kill each other because of jealousy of their fellow men being successful than them. Apart from the desire, the poem shows hatred as part of the trait of humanity. The implication shows that ice that inform of hatred is likely to lead to the demise. Ice is something cold that has no warmth. When there is ice, the world becomes frozen. The poem uses the scientific word ice to show coldness of people’s heart when they have hate. The poem explains...
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...[Your Name] [Instructor] [Class] [Date] why Drinking Alcohol will not Keep You Warm in Winter * * INTRODUCTION * Halloween has just bid us farewell and another holiday is coming by. It sure is fun to have a white little Christmas this year. As the cold weather slowly sets in, we need to find ways in keeping our bodies warm, just so we can have real holiday fun instead of being stuck at home in layers and layers of pajamas. There are probably hundreds of ways so stay warm in winter without rendering us immobile. But among the more popular ones is having a tall mug of booze. But does alcohol really help keep our bodies warm. BODY I. Alcohol Makes You Feel Warm A A Obviously, alcohol does make us feel warm all over. After just a couple of nips, we always feel that gratifying flow of heat from our throats, creeping down to our esophagus, and finally to our awaiting tummies. Being a vasodilator, alcohol makes our peripheral blood vessels to dilate, pushing warm blood towards the surface of our skin, giving us an immediate relief from the cold, making us warm and even relaxed all at once. The heat flush we experience after a swig or two definitely make us feel warm because it is the skin that most of our “heat sensors” are located. The amount of blood supplied into the capillaries on the skin also increases in volume, making our skin glow pinkish and even sweaty under our coats. * II. Alcohol Lowers Your Core Body Heat However, this phenomenon...
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...running or not, it's going to be cold. Buying the best running gear for cold weather is a must to keep you warm, dry, comfortable and at your peak performance. That's why I've written this article about the different types of cold weather gear so you can choose what's best for you and most importantly, where to get it all at the lowest price. Dress for Cold Weather Running Just because the thermometer drops doesn't mean you need to stay indoors. With today's technology in apparel fabric and construction, it also means you don't have to go running in a parka or snow suit. How uncomfortable would that be? Choosing the right gear is the first step in getting out there when the chill is on. Here are several pieces of clothing you may want to consider: Thermal Hat or Balaclava: Let's...
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...stories I still remember about her, he says. I don't even remember the night of your birth, for God's sake. He takes a deep gulp from his drink and stares out the window. The darkness seems to grow with each minute. That's okay, it was so long ago, I – But she stops herself from saying more. She sits quietly and reflects upon her nails. He watches her in the window's reflection. He sighs heavily. She lifts her head. She looks out past him into the darkness. Then she asks if she is going to get to see the city, after all. He says, not tonight, how about tomorrow? She does not reply. I'm going to bed, she says. He continues to stare out the window and does not even seem to hear her. She gets up and goes to her room. He looks out into the cold darkness, remembering the times they used to have together as a family. He sighs and reaches for the bottle. It was going to be a long night after all. Part 2 I decided to change the ending of “Everything Stuck to Him.” Instead of having a sad ending where the man clearly left his wife and moved to Milan for an unknown reason, I decided to make it slightly more happy in that the couple stayed together up until the wife died of an unknown cause. I feel like this change really affects the mood of the story and it is much more focused on the times of the past and how good they were, rather than how nothing good can last. By subtly adding that the mother died of an unknown cause, it lets the reader know that while the man and...
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...To Build a Fire Part1 Man Error | Explanation | * Ignores the advice from the old timer to not travel alone. "The man had been serious when he said that no man should travel alone in that country in temperatures 50 below (pg 72 par 3) * The man didn't wear a nose guard (pg 67 par 4) * As the newcomer was traveling he heard the ice underneath him starting to crack but continued walking (pg 71 par 1) * Falling into the stream and getting his feet wet. (pg 71 par 1) * When the man stopped to build a fire under a pine tree. (pg 73 par 1) * The man dropped all the lit matches into the snow ( pg 74 par 2) * The continuous though of arriving at camp at 6. ( Occurs throughout the story) | * Going out was a mistake b/c the man didn't have anyone to help him. EX. when his hands were numb, if he had someone with him they could have helped him build a fire. * As the man was chewing his tobacco he realized that is face was starting to freeze. EX. when he tried to eat his lunch he couldn't b/c the ice around him mouth prevented him from doing so. * When he heard the ice underneath him starting to crack he should have stopped and found a different path. EX. when the dog was walking and fell into the water him paws started to freeze almost instantly. * As the man continued on his journey to camp he fell into a stream of water. This is atrocious b/c the man would have to build a fire and waste time. And if he doesn't manage to build a fire in time, then his feet...
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