...History Why Aluminum Bats should be Banned from the NCAA Crack! That was the sound of our nation's pastime in the early days of baseball. For nearly 125, years the wooden bat was used in every level of baseball. In Tom's River, New Jersey, the little league World Series is held every summer. Ping! This is the only sound that a spectator will hear during one of those baseball games. What happened to the old-fashioned crack of the bat? The wooden bat has been used in professional baseball since the game's establishment in 1864. An aluminum bat is more dangerous than a wooden bat due to the advanced technology of the aluminum bat, but offers a greater impact to a ball than a wooden bat could. For college ball players hoping to make it to the majors, they should be using the equipment required by the MLB in order to be the most prepared. Also, it makes it harder for scouts to determine how a player will perform under different conditions. This is why I believe the NCAA should play with the same standards as the MLB. The baseball bat controversy has been lingering over amateur baseball since the NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association) allowed the use of aluminum bats for the first time in 1974 (Adelson). Every year there is another injury to a pitcher as a result of the aluminum bat due to its exit velocity. The exit velocity of a ball plays a key role in determining the level of risk of injury. It is defined as the speed of the ball off the bat. The standard exit velocity...
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...Wood bats are safer for high school and college; however metal bats have better performance. With the ball speed off of the bat as the big safety issue for high school and college, wood bats have a slower speed than metal bats do. With every solution there is a problem to the solution; wood bats do not produce like metal bats do. The game play is different with each bat. The changes that the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS) and the NCAA make for bats for play will have an effect for upcoming students. In High school and college the players get to use metal bats instead of wood. The performance of metal bats is a lot higher than wood. That is why college and high school use metal instead of wood bats. Metal bats have a higher ball speed off the bat, which is the safety issue that the NCAA and the NFHS have right now. There is a new standard for baseball bats which took effect in 2011 which is the Batted Ball Coefficient of Restitution (BBCOR) bats. They have almost the same ball speed off of the bat as a wood bat does, but the metal bat has a bigger sweet spot. A sweet spot is the part of the bat that will give the biggest trampoline effect to the baseball. Metal bats have made scoring runs in high school and college a lot easier than wood bats. The BBCOR bats have had a slight decline in runs and hits unlike the Ball Exit Speed Ratio (BESR) bats. The change from BESR bats to BBCOR happened in 2011. BESR bats had to high of a ball exit speed off of...
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...[pic] Anticipatory Breach |Terms: | |Repudiation of a Contract: | |A party to a contract’s words or actions that indicate unequivocally that he will not perform on the contract. | |Anticipatory Breach of Contract: | |A breach of contract caused by a party’s unequivocally repudiating the contract, i.e. indicating that he will not perform when performance is | |due. | |Prospective Inability to Perform on a Contract: | |Where one party expresses doubt as to whether he will perform on a contract. | |The repudiation of a contract is where one party to a contract informs the other party that he will not perform his duties under the contract.| | ...
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...| BASEBALL | Bernaditta Caballero | | Columban College-Barretto | 3/19/2012 | | Introduction: Baseball is a bat-and-ball sport played between two teams of nine players each. The aim is to score runs by hitting a thrown ball with a batand touching a series of four bases arranged at the corners of a ninety-foot diamond. Players on the batting team take turns hitting against thepitcher of the fielding team, which tries to stop them from scoring runs by getting hitters out in any of several ways. A player on the batting team can stop at any of the bases and later advance via a teammate's hit or other means. The teams switch between batting and fielding whenever the fielding team records three outs. One turn at bat for each team constitutes an inning and nine innings make up a professional game. The team with the most runs at the end of the game wins. Evolving from older bat-and-ball games, an early form of baseball was being played in England by the mid-eighteenth century. This game was brought by immigrants to North America, where the modern version developed. By the late nineteenth century, baseball was widely recognized as the national sport of the United States. Baseball is now popular in North America, parts of Central and South America and the Caribbean, and parts of East Asia. In North America, professional Major League Baseball (MLB) teams are divided into the National League (NL) and American League (AL), each with three divisions: East, West, and Central...
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...Abstract As you read, you will learn about the wonderful game of baseball and a different outlook on the sport. It is a popular sport in America. The rest of the world looks to America as a guiding force. They view America as the baseball empire of the world. Major league baseball is the envy of the world. Baseball has very broad cultural, social, and geographic impacts that go deeper than we think. We will briefly examine the diverse and changing social, economic, and political meanings of this activity in different countries. Baseball has failed in the promotion in many European and African societies and we will discuss why. Baseball is an international sport that brings great experiences and great memories that last a lifetime. It can be very important in the bond of family. The swing, techniques, bat and balls are important and we will learn why it’s important to have proper training. Also you will read about players that have tarnished the sport and players that have changed baseball forever. Mainly this is a view of the importance of the sport worldwide and how it has changed the world through the guidance of American baseballs influence on the rest of the world. Sport of Baseball Internationally this game is viewed as a very powerful game. Baseball is the same in many ways all over the world. Every player is aiming to knock the ball out of the park or just feel lucky to get on base. Although the game has changed, the history of the...
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...In many sports, men get more attention than women. Women train just as hard as men on and off the field, the court, track, or rink. Some sports, including lacrosse, basketball, track, and hockey, have many different rules among the men and women’s sports. In a world of rising equality, it is shocking to still see unfair treatment being handed out to women. Too often, people separate the level of play between genders, and then control unfair bias that negatively affects the players, as well as hindering the developing and evolving women’s rights movement (specifically within sports). It is then to say, that women receive fair and equal treatment to their male counterparts. Lacrosse has been around for many years and it has been growing year...
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...the U.S., baseball players often fulfill the role of hero and cultural icon because they are imbued with traits we admire and that resonate through time.” (USA TODAY 44). For example Babe Ruth was and still is one of the biggest American sports icon. With the heaviest bat ever recorded at 54-ounces, his fun attitude and always loving towards children. The Babe is still a hero to baseball fans of all ages. Now what about baseball heroes in the 20th and 21st century? Of course there are still some out there playing the game today but are they anything of natural talent like the Babe? When I say natural talent I am speaking about the hard working ball players that don’t need to rely on the Performing-Enhancing Drugs also known as PED’s. Looking back when I was younger I had Mark McGwire and Sammy Sosa going at it for the Home Run record, and turns out that McGwire was using the PED’s. So does that still make him a hero? Today in America baseball there is a huge problem that is jeopardizing the great American Past-Time. “There are more than 129 MLB players that have been linked to steroids” (The Steroid Era 1). Most of those 129 players were in the Mitchell report, which was created by Senator Mitchell. You have all your favorite stars and heroes getting suspended from usage of PED’s. Many things have popped up when someone fails a drug test. For example anabolic steroids, weight loss supplements, and even female fertility drugs. When I hear these drugs that these baseball athletes...
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... Supervised by Bershattskaya S.A. Ulyanovsk 2015 CONTENTS Introduction 3 1. Baseball 4 2. Basketball 5 3. American football 6 4. Ice hockey 7 5. Soccer 8 6. Other popular sports 10 Conclusion 11 References 11 INTRODUCTION Americans pay much attention to physical fitness. Many sports and sporting activities are popular in the USA. People participate in swimming, skating, squash and badminton, tennis, marathons, track-and-field, bowing, archery, skiing, skating etc. But the five major American sports are hockey, volleyball, baseball, football and basketball. Basketball and volleyball have been invented in America. There is a large choice of sports in America. This can be explained by the size and variety of the country. Another reason of the popularity of sports is the people’s love of competition of any kind. One more reason is that Americans use sports activities for teaching socials values, such as teamwork and sportsmanship. All this explains why Americans have traditionally done well in many kinds of sports. Every high school offers its students many sports, such as wrestling, rowing, tennis and golf. There are no separate “universities” for sports in the USA. Students of any higher educational establishment are trained in different kinds of sports. Many colleges and universities are famous for their sports clubs. There are sports facilities...
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...Derek Sanderson Jeter ( /ˈdʒiːtər/; born June 26, 1974) is an American baseball shortstop who has played 17 years in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Yankees. A twelve-time All-Star and five-time World Series champion, Jeter's clubhouse presence, on-field leadership, hitting ability, and baserunning have made him a central figure of the franchise during the Yankees' success of the 1990s and 2000s.[1] Due to his impact on the team, he has served as the Yankees' team captain since 2003.[2] He is regarded as a consummate professional by teammates and opponents alike,[3] and has a reputation as a reliable contributor in the postseason.[4] Jeter was drafted out of high school by the Yankees organization in 1992, and he debuted in the Major Leagues in 1995. The following year, he became the Yankees' starting shortstop and won the Rookie of the Year Award. In addition, Jeter's achievements include four Silver Slugger Awards, five Gold Glove awards, All-Star Game MVP Award, World Series MVP Award, and membership in the 3,000 hit club. Many players and coaches consider Jeter to be one of the best players of his generation.[5] He is the all-time hits leader among shortstops,[6] and his .317 career batting average through the 2009 season ranks as the fifth-highest among active players. He has been among the American League (AL) leaders in hits and runs scored for the past ten years. He is the all-time Yankees hit leader, having passed Hall of Fame member Lou Gehrig in 2009...
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...History of Professional Baseball in Texas Baseball is an immensely popular American game, played between two teams of nine players each. The basic implements used in the game are a leather-covered ball, wooden bats for hitting the ball, and gloves for catching it. It is played at its highest level in the United States and two Canadian cities, where 26 teams make up the American and National Leagues (each with two divisions, East and West). Combined, these leagues are called major-league (professional) baseball. Most players who reach the major leagues have worked their way up through Little League, scholastic, college, and minor-league ball. In the early 1800s Americans began playing baseball on informal teams, using local rules. By the 1860s, the sport, unrivaled in popularity, was being described as America's “national pastime”. Alexander Joy Cartwright of New York invented the modern baseball field in 1845. Alexander Cartwright and the members of his New York Knickerbocker Base Ball Club devised the first rules and regulations for the modern game of baseball. Baseball was based on the English game of rounders. Rounders becomes popular in the United States in the early 19th century, where the game was called "townball", "base", or "baseball". Cartwright formalized the modern rules of baseball. The first recorded baseball game in 1846 when Alexander Cartwright's Knickerbockers lost to the New York Baseball Club. [1] The popularity of baseball grew in Texas as Civil War...
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...a story. The story concerned a small group of undervalued professional baseball players and executives, many of whom had been rejected as unfit for the big leagues, who had turned themselves into one of the most successful franchises in Major League Baseball. But the idea for the book came well before I had good reason to write it—before I had a story to fall in love with. It began, really, with an innocent question: how did one of the poorest teams in baseball, the Oakland Athletics, win so many games? For more than a decade the people who run professional baseball have argued that the game was ceasing to be an athletic competition and becoming a financial one. The gap between rich and poor in baseball was far greater than in any other professional sport, and widening rapidly. At the opening of the 2002 season, the richest team, the New York Yankees, had a payroll of $126 million while the two poorest teams, the Oakland A's and the Tampa Bay Devil Rays, had payrolls of less than a third of that, about $40 million. A decade before, the highest payroll team, the New York Mets, had spent about $44 million on baseball players and the lowest payroll team, the Cleveland Indians, a bit more than $8 million. The raw disparities meant that only the rich teams could afford the best players. A poor team could afford only the maimed and the inept, and was almost certain to fail. Or so argued the people who ran baseball. And I was inclined to...
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...book, the movie symbolized hope, unfairness and to never give up. List of 10 Passages: 1. ISU Novel Passage: " There was the bias toward what people saw with their own eyes, or thought they had seen... There was a lot you couldn't see when you watched a baseball game.” (Lewis 19) Elements of Fiction: Setting, Characterization and Conflict between what baseball managers see in baseball players. Film Adaptation: Billy and Paul (his name is Peter in the movie) are in the garage of the Cleveland Indians baseball team and they are both wearing a suit, and there are cars in the background. (Time: 0:20:39) Film Techniques: - Medium-Bright lighting to show enthusiasm - Over-the-shoulder shots - Inspirational music in the background to show inspiration of what Paul (Peter) is saying Analysis/Connection to Thesis: This passage and movie scene relates to the thesis because the thesis is about how underdogs are winner and this passage shows inspiration in Paul’s voice from the lighting and the background audio as he says that the players showing big numbers in their last game doesn’t necessarily mean that they will perform in their next and he also say’s how he thinks that picking up an underdog from college is the best thing to do. 2. ISU Novel Passage: “Over and over the old...
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...to go for tonight’s matchup. The Rangers will turn to Yovani Gallardo (11-9, 3.14 ERA) and the San Diego Padres will counter with Andrew Cashner (5-13 4.05 ERA). Gallardo has had one of his best seasons in his career, and he will look to continue his great season tonight when he goes for his fourth win in a row. Gallardo pitched exceptionally well in his last start against the red hot hitting Blue Jays, collecting his 100th career win while tossing 5 1/3 innings of shut out baseball. He’s the hottest pitcher the Rangers have, or anyone in the MLB for that matter, as his scoreless streak has reached 14 2/3 innings, which is the longest in the MLB. If we were being picky, he hasn’t been able to go deep into ballgames with a high pitch count, and hopefully he can give the Rangers a long outing tonight. For the Padres, they turn to struggling starter Andrew Cashner. Cashner has had a rough go in 2015, but playing the Rangers might give him a spark. Cashner is originally from Conroe Tx and played his college ball at TCU, so you have to thing he’ll be a little bit more excited for this game at the very least. His last outing saw...
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...Ethical issues regarding the use of Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sports In the history of 20th century sports, specifically in the post World War 2 era, there has been an ever increasing use of performance enhancing drugs in all avenues of sport. Sports have become money making machine for both athletes and big business and the “win at all costs” attitude which has permeated itself into all aspects of professional and college level athletics. Winners make money, losers don’t. The temptation of fame, notoriety and million dollar contracts in all venues of sport is a lure for many athletes. Elite professional athletes are worshiped in today’s society. This paper will elaborate on the use of performance enhancing drugs in the sporting world and the associated sports ethical issues. It is a majority belief in all sporting circles that the “true” spirit of sportsmanship does not allow any aspect of performance enhancing drugs. There are several arguments both in favor and against the use of performance enhancing drugs which will be presented and discussed in this paper. While addressing this ethical issue, we need to define the term ethics. Ethics can be defined as the socially accepted norms and values. These norms and values are varied from society to society and are based on culture and tradition. Ethics also could be defined as the unsaid, un-written and understood laws that prevail in a society. Ethics also cover what is right and what is wrong in society and teaches...
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...Eriel Cuevas Mr. Mertsock English 12 21 October 2013 Steroids and Athletes Barry Bonds steps up to the plate awaiting a pitch he could hit from Mike Bacsik on a beautiful tuesday night. With a full count Barry finally gets the pitch he and everyone else was waiting for, he blasts the ball to the deepest part of AT&T Park. Was it his natural talent or was it the steroids he had been taking? Why are most of the top athletes in the world risking their health just to get those big contracts that everyone in professional sports want? The first introduction to performance enhancing drugs was in the 1930’s, by a group of German scientists, where they created a form of testosterone. Now people use the drugs to help them become bigger, faster, and stronger. This then would lead to them either getting caught or getting the big contracts that Alex Rodriguez has, which neither A-Rod or any or the other athletes deserve to get. The use of steroids is putting a influence on the rest of the athletes and especially young athletes in high school. This is why the use of steroids has forever changed the face of professional sports, making it a world fueled by drug contacts instead of natural skill and talent. The introduction of steroids to the world was in the 1930’s, by a group of German scientists, trying to create a synthetic form of testosterone for men that weren’t able to produce enough hormones for growth, development, and the men who could not function correctly...
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