...to prevent the markers from knowing the identity of candidates), of delivering standardized tests. Influence of World Wars on Testing Both World War I and World War II made many people realize the necessity of standardized testing and the benefits associated with these tests. One main reason people saw the benefits was from the Army Alpha and Army Beta tests, which were used during WWI to determine human abilities. Alongside the Army Alpha, the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale "added momentum to the testing movement."[5] Soon after, colleges and industry began using tests to help in accepting and hiring people based on performance of the test. Another reason more tests began to come forth was that people were realizing that the distance between secondary education and higher education was widening after WWII. In 1952, the first Advanced Placement (AP) test was administered to begin closing the gap between high schools and colleges.[6] Modern-day use of tests[edit] Education[edit] Some countries such as the United Kingdom and France require all their...
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...To the reader, I bet you are wondering what this is all about, or perhaps who I even am. Let us start with a greeting, shall we? Hi, I’m Celina Gonzales, a college freshman taking up BS Legal Management. This E-portfolio encapsulates my entire writing journey of sorts in my ENGLCOM (Basic Communication and Study Skills) course throughout the second term of my first year in university. In here, you will be able to read about various ideas—from the meaning of the word “infinite” beyond the concept taught to us in our Math classes, to the causes of the Philippines’ lagged progress (no, it is not solely due to corruption), and, well, Korean Pop. With all these topics mentioned, I hope you appreciate how much I have grown in terms of flexibility, as I was never comfortable with writing beyond my interests. The entire journey was a roller coaster, thanks to the great deal of papers that came with strict deadlines, high standards, along with numerous revisions inked in either pink, green, red, or blue. However, I believe that all those days figuring out how exactly my professors want me to revise parts of my papers and whatnot are worth it—The innumerable scratch papers that I was armed with in the beginning of the term are gone. I can now write an article of great quality without having to frantically jot down my ideas on a separate sheet of paper. I believe that this growth of mine is impossible without my professors. Therefore, I would like to extend my gratitude to them: To...
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...smell. No one in my high school noticed. We all smelled like something: motorheads of motor oil, farm kids of wheat chaff and cow dung, athletes like footballs and grass, dopers like the other kind of grass. It did not appear to anyone — including me — that residing within my family’s weapons cache might affect my life. Together, my three brothers own at least a dozen weapons and have yet to harm anyone with them. Despite their guns (or, arguably, because of them), they are quite peaceable. As for me, I have three guns, one inherited and two gifts, and I’m hardly a zealot. In fact I never had much interest in guns. Yet it is I who killed a man. It was the second week in August, a Friday the 13th, in fact, in 1982. I was with a group of college roommates who were getting ready to go to the Omak Stampede and Suicide Race. Three of us piled...
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...Preface This is a self-study publication with two audio-cassettes for students preparing for the Academic Module of the International English Language Testing System (IELTS), which is administered by The British Council, the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES) and by IELTS Australia. The book covers the four modules of the IELTS exam: listening, reading, writing and speaking. Special features of the book are: the reading exercises, the detailed Keys for these exercises, the wide range of exercises to help you prepare for Writing Task 1, and the detailed Key for the Reading Tests. The publication may also be used as a course book, or as a supplement to a course book. So that you may repeat the exercises in this book, we would advise you to avoid marking the text. This new edition incorporates the changes to the speaking module introduced in July 2001. Sam McCarter, Julie Easton and Judith Ash 2003 Contents Page Preface iii Acknowledgements iv Listening Module 1 Introduction 2 Listening Test 1 3 Listening Test 2 9 Listening Test 3 15 Listening Test 4 20 Reading Exercises 25 Introduction 26 1. How to read, or how to read efficiently? 28 2. Learning to read organisation 29 3. More about reading organisation 30 4. A summary of functions 31 5. Recognising paragraph types 32 6. Simultaneous functions 34 7. Reading control 35 8. Spot the...
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...A test or examination is an assessment intended to measure a test-taker's knowledge, skill, aptitude, physical fitness, or classification in many other topics (e.g., beliefs). A test may be administered orally, on paper, on a computer, or in a confined area that requires a test taker to physically perform a set of skills. Tests vary in style, rigor and requirements. For example, in a closed book test, a test taker is often required to rely upon memory to respond to specific items whereas in an open book test, a test taker may use one or more supplementary tools such as a reference book or calculator when responding to an item. A test may be administered formally or informally. An example of an informal test would be a reading test administered by a parent to a child. An example of a formal test would be a final examination administered by a teacher in a classroom or an I.Q. test administered by a psychologist in a clinic. Formal testing often results in a grade or a test score.[1] A test score may be interpreted with regards to a norm or criterion, or occasionally both. The norm may be established independently, or by statisticalanalysis of a large number of participants. A standardized test is any test that is administered and scored in a consistent manner to ensure legal defensibility.[2]Standardized tests are often used in education, professional certification, psychology (e.g., MMPI), the military, and many other fields. A non-standardized test is usually flexible in scope...
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...learnatest.com About the Author Lauren Starkey is a writer and editor who specializes in educational and reference works. Her thirteen years of experience include eight years on the editorial staff of the Oxford English Dictionary. The author of more than ten volumes, Lauren lives in Essex, Vermont, with her husband and three children. v Contents CHAPTER 1 Getting to Know the Writing Section of the New SAT Old versus New Strategies for Test Taking Scoring SAT Study Timetable 1 1 2 4 5 11 12 32 45 55 56 58 59 59 65 68 69 CHAPTER 2 The Multiple-Choice Section Identifying Sentence Errors Improving Sentences Improving Paragraphs CHAPTER 3 The Essay Strategies for Timed Essays Understanding the Prompts The Art of Persuasion Anatomy of an Essay Planning Your Essay Drafting Your Essay Essay Writing Workshop vii – CONTENTS – CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER 5 CHAPTER 6 Practice Test 1 Practice Test 2 Practice Test 3 75 103 133 viii SAT WRITING ESSENTIALS C H A P T E R 1 Old versus New Getting to Know the Writing Section of the New SAT For over 80 years, high school...
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...Starkey is a writer and editor who specializes in educational and reference works. Her thirteen years of experience include eight years on the editorial staff of the Oxford English Dictionary. The author of more than ten volumes, Lauren lives in Essex, Vermont, with her husband and three children. v Contents CHAPTER 1 1 Old versus New 1 Strategies for Test Taking 2 Scoring 4 SAT Study Timetable CHAPTER 2 Getting to Know the Writing Section of the New SAT 5 11 Identifying Sentence Errors 12 Improving Sentences 32 Improving Paragraphs CHAPTER 3 The Multiple-Choice Section 45 The Essay 55 Strategies for Timed Essays 56 Understanding the Prompts 58 The Art of Persuasion 59 Anatomy of an Essay 59 Planning Your Essay 65 Drafting Your Essay 68 Essay Writing Workshop 69 vii – CONTENTS – CHAPTER 4 Practice Test 1 75 CHAPTER 5 Practice Test 2 103 CHAPTER 6 Practice Test 3 133 viii SAT WRITING...
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...Jim Albert and Ruud H. Koning (eds.) Statistical Thinking in Sports CRC PRESS Boca Raton Ann Arbor London Tokyo Contents 1 Introduction Jim Albert and Ruud H. Koning 1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.1 Patterns of world records in sports (2 articles) . . . . . . . 1.1.2 Competition, rankings and betting in soccer (3 articles) . . 1.1.3 An investigation into some popular baseball myths (3 articles) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.4 Uncertainty of attendance at sports events (2 articles) . . . 1.1.5 Home advantage, myths in tennis, drafting in hockey pools, American football . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Website . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Modelling the development of world records in running Gerard H. Kuper and Elmer Sterken 2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Modelling world records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.1 Cross-sectional approach . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.2 Fitting the individual curves . . . . . . . . 2.3 Selection of the functional form . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.1 Candidate functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.2 Theoretical selection of curves . . . . . . . 2.3.3 Fitting the models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.4 The Gompertz curve in more detail...
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...Mine was wearing wraparound sunglasses like Bono's, black jeans, and a red T-shirt emblazoned with Chinese characters in white. Over his shoulder he carried his laptop. We asked each other the usual question: What did you do over the summer? What he did, as I recall, was a brief internship at a well-regarded Internet publication, a six-country swing though Europe, then back to enjoy his family and home, reconnect with high-school friends, and work on recording a rock CD. What had I done? I had written five drafts of a chapter for a book on the last two years of Sigmund Freud's life. I had traveled to Crozet, a few miles away, to get pizza. I'd sojourned overnight in Virginia Beach, the day after I woke up distressed because I couldn't figure out how to begin my chapter. I'd driven to the beach, figured it out (I thought), and then I'd come home. My young friend looked at me with a mixture of awe and compassion. I felt a little like one of those aged men of the earth who populate Wordsworth's poetry. One of them, the Old Cumberland Beggar, goes so slowly that you never actually see him move, but if you return to the spot where you first encountered him two hours past, lo, he has gone a little way down the road. The footprints are there to prove it. I headed back to my office for draft No. 6, or something comparably glamorous. Where was my student going? He was no doubt heading into a more turbocharged version of his summer, a life of supreme intensity created in collaboration...
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...this situation sounds familiar, you may find it reassuring to know that many professionals undergo these same strange compulsions before they begin writing. Jean Kerr, author of Please Don’t Eat the Daisies, admits that she often finds herself in the kitchen reading soup-can labels—or anything—in order to prolong the moments before taking pen in hand. John C. Calhoun, vice president under Andrew Jackson, insisted he had to plow his fields before he could write, and Joseph Conrad, author of Lord Jim and other novels, is said to have cried on occasion from the sheer dread of sitting down to compose his stories. To spare you as much hand-wringing as possible, this chapter presents some practical suggestions on how to begin writing your short essay. Although all writers must find the methods that work best for them, you may find some of the following ideas helpful. But no matter how you actually begin putting words on paper, it is absolutely essential to maintain two basic ideas concerning your writing task. Before you write a single sentence, you should always remind yourself that 1. You have some valuable ideas to tell your reader, and 2. More than anything, you want to communicate those ideas to your reader. These reminders may seem obvious to you, but without a solid commitment to your own opinions as well as to your reader, your prose will be lifeless and boring. If you don’t care about your subject, you can’t very well expect anyone else to. Have confidence that your ideas are...
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...Courtney Johnson Mary Smith-Biles Todd Buchanan Madonna University MKT 6210 Table of Contents Introduction Page 3 Brand Building Page 8 The Numbers Page 11 Conclusion and Marketing Ideas Page 22 Bibliography Page 24 Introduction by Lisa Flanigan Credit Unions are not-for-profit financial institutions that are owned by all of its members. The focus of the credit union is to help its members save, borrow, and receive affordable financial services. One way is by offering higher interest rates on savings accounts which can be important to people in general but also to the young population who are just starting to save for college or some other long term item such as a car. Typically, credit unions charge lower fees compared to banks and provide credit at competitive rates. Like any other business, Credit Unions must have enough income/ assets to cover expenses related to running a business or risk the possibility of becoming insolvent. Lending money to members is a source of income for credit unions. When borrowers default on this lent money, this puts a credit union at risk and causes tougher rules on responsible lending. They are also known for providing service at the personal level by helping their members plan for the future. The first credit union was founded in southern Germany in the year 1864 by Friedrich Raiffeisen and Herman Schulze-Delitzsch. According...
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...SAMAR COLLEGE COLLEGE OF EDUCATION CATBALOGAN CITY _________________________________________________________________________ English Correct Usage, American vs. British English, Politically Correct Words, Confusing Words, Things to Remember When Using Numbers, Phrases, Clauses, Sentences, Punctuation Marks _________________________________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for: ENGLISH 101 – STRUCTURE IN ENGLISH Presented by: JERRY S. PACRIN BSED – 3 (CIT) Presented to: ALONA MEDALIA CADIZ – GABEJAN, M.E. September 12, 2013 ENGLISH CORRECT USAGE There are three (3) main language styles: * Formal * Semi-Formal * Informal The diagram below illustrates how these styles are rated on a scale of 0 to 10. Rules of Language Styles The following rules apply to both written and spoken English. Know person well and on familiar terms Know person well and on familiar terms Know name of person and have exchanged greetings. Know name of person and have exchanged greetings. Know title or name of person, Never met or exchanged info. Know title or name of person, Never met or exchanged info. Don’t know anything about the person who receives letter Don’t know anything about the person who receives letter Different Styles between Formal and Informal English The followingn examples illustrate the main difference between informal and formal English. Dictionary of Formal and Informal English ...
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...Study Unit Improving Your Writing When you complete this study unit, you’ll be able to • Identify your audience, medium, and purpose • Focus your ideas • Organize your material • Plan both informal and formal writing projects • Use words, punctuation, and sentences to achieve the effect you want • Revise, edit, and proofread to make your final copy accurate, professional, and attractive Preview Preview Writing a strong letter to apply for a job or putting together a convincing argument for a business report requires more than a collection of nouns, verbs, and punctuation. Good communication skills include the basics, of course, but proper planning, a pleasant style, and close attention to detail also count. This study unit is designed to help you make the best use of the writing tools you already have by making them work for you as you plan, develop, revise, and present your work. iii 1 Prewriting Organizing Your Material Patterns of Organization Outline Options Developing an Outline The Formal Outline 2 6 6 9 11 16 WRITING YOUR DOCUMENT 21 Types of Writing Key Considerations Writing the First Draft STRENGTHENING YOUR STYLE How to Give Your Writing Punch Choosing the Right Words Informality and Formality Using Words Properly REVISING, EDITING, AND PROOFREADING Revising Your Writing Editing Your Work Proofreading the Final Draft Presenting Your Work 21 25 33 36 36 ...
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...Essays Essays Part II. 2, 2.] Part II. 2, 2.] Essays The Project Gutenberg EBook of Essays, by Ralph Waldo Emerson This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: Essays Author: Ralph Waldo Emerson Editor: Edna H. L. Turpin Release Date: September 4, 2005 [EBook #16643] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ESSAYS *** 1 Essays Produced by Curtis A. Weyant , Sankar Viswanathan and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net ESSAYS BY RALPH WALDO EMERSON Merrill's English Texts SELECTED AND EDITED, WITH INTRODUCTION AND NOTES, BY EDNA H.L. TURPIN, AUTHOR OF "STORIES FROM AMERICAN HISTORY," "CLASSIC FABLES," "FAMOUS PAINTERS," ETC. NEW YORK CHARLES E. MERRILL CO. 1907 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION LIFE OF EMERSON CRITICAL OPINIONS CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF PRINCIPAL WORKS THE AMERICAN SCHOLAR COMPENSATION SELF RELIANCE FRIENDSHIP HEROISM MANNERS GIFTS NATURE SHAKESPEARE; OR, THE POET PRUDENCE CIRCLES NOTES PUBLISHERS' NOTE Merrill's English Texts 2 Essays 3 This series of books will include in complete editions those masterpieces of English Literature that are best adapted for the use of schools and colleges. The editors of the several volumes will...
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...Instructor’s Manual to accompany Economics Sixteenth Edition Campbell R. McConnell University of Nebraska Stanley L. Brue Pacific Lutheran University Prepared by Randy Grant Linfield College Instructor’s Manual to accompany ECONOMICS Campbell R. McConnell and Stanley L. Brue Published by McGraw-Hill, an imprint of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The contents, or parts thereof, may be reproduced in print form solely for classroom use with ECONOMICS provided such reproductions bear copyright notice, but may not be reproduced in any other form or for any other purpose without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Text printer code/Cover printer code 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 ISBN 0-07-288477-0 www.mhhe.com The Nature and Method of Economics CHAPTER ONE THE NATURE AND METHOD OF ECONOMICS CHAPTER OVERVIEW This chapter begins with a discussion of the meaning and importance of economics. In this first chapter, however, we will not plunge into problems and issues; instead we consider some important preliminaries. We first look at the economic perspective—how economists think about problems. Next, we state some of the benefits of studying economics. Then, we examine the specific...
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