...Much of American Literature in the Colonial Era was factual. All the writings studied in this class have been very formal thus far, and clearly written by educated people. The documents also have a strong emphasis on freedom. During the Colonial Era, America was beginning the fight to separate itself from England. They not only fought for their country, but for their religion as well. Women were also beginning the struggle against society. These themes are visible throughout the writings of this era. The Declaration of Independence is perhaps the ultimate example of the fight against England. The document details the problems with British Rule. One grievance states, “He [the King] has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good”. This is just one of many complaints the Declaration of Independence makes against Great Britain’s rule. The document was a turning point in the national struggle against Britain. Patrick Henry exemplifies the American fighting spirit in his speech, “Give me Liberty or Give me Death”. He calls the nation to arms, saying, “If we wish to be free, if we mean to preserve inviolate those inestimable privileges for which we have been so long contending ... we must fight!” His infamous speech is an...
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...Why 18th Century Women Sought out Freedom through Prostitution Michelle E. Raines Lindenwood University Abstract This paper reconnoiters the reasoning behind prostitution, focusing mainly on the motives of an 18th century woman. The goal of this research is to provide readers with an explanation of why women resorted to prostitution for freedom. The paper will arrange for you primary sources supporting that prostitution plateaued because of lack of expression, racism, and feminism during the 18th century. The business of prostitution was so important to our society because it allowed women to join the workforce. Unfair treatment spawned one of the greatest highlights of women in this era that this paper will display for you. Why 18th Century Women Sought out Freedom through Prostitution Prostitution is recorded as beginning in 1721 when the French government sent women to the colony so the settled men would refrain from having sex with the Native Americans. These women had found that sex trade created them more freedom/independence instead of marriage. Soon after, the red-light district was formed to segregate the prostitutes. The act of selling sex was not illegal in the US and the law had not known the term “prostitution”. The law had no understanding of what to do, women were still social outcasts and officials looked for petty crimes to target these certain women. So we ask why these women turned to prostitution; freedom was sought through sexual acts due to the...
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...Multidimensional definitions acknowledge that poverty is also defined by a sense of helplessness, dependence and lack of opportunities, self-confidence and self-respect on the part of the poor. (Narayan et al., 2000). Sen (1999) defines poverty as lack of freedom while another dimension view it as interlinked forms of deprivation in the economic, human, political, sociocultural and protective spheres (OECD, 2006).This essay discusses the issue of poverty in Africa from colonial period to present day. The paper also analyses the causes of poverty since colonial era, the poverty alleviation strategies adopted to deal with poverty and propose possible solutions for poverty alleviation. A plethora of case studies will be drawn from several countries to substantiate the claims and insights provides in this paper. 2.0 Poverty, colonialism and Colonial Legacy Poverty is attributed to colonial legacy and how colonial rule marginalized the Africans in economic participation. In Africa, poverty is attributed to the economic activities of the colonial masters which exploited labour, natural resources and expropriated the continent while there was little plough back to citizen nations. A classical study by (Rodney, 1972) “How Europe Underdeveloped...
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...the Native American Studies Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons Baxter, Isabella J. '15, "Oppression, Sexual Violence and Their Effects on Native American Women" (2013). Student Publications. Paper 87. http://cupola.gettysburg.edu/student_scholarship/87 This is the author's version of the work. This publication appears in Gettysburg College's institutional repository by permission of the copyright owner for personal use, not for redistribution. Cupola permanent link: http://cupola.gettysburg.edu/student_scholarship/ 87 This open access student research paper is brought to you by The Cupola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of The Cupola. For more information, please contact cupola@gettysburg.edu. Oppression, Sexual Violence and Their Effects on Native American Women Keywords Native American Women, Sexual Violence, Oppression, Colonization, White Feminism Abstract This paper is a response to the chapter “Sexual Violence as a Tool of Genocide” in Andrea Smith’s book Conquest: Sexual Violence and American Indian Genocide. Smith argues that U.S. colonial culture strategically uses sexual violence against Native women as a weapon to ensure the oppression and marginalization of Native people. This paper details and examines Smith’s argument and also considers the influence of Native Women on White feminism. Despite the great influence Native culture has on White feminism, White Feminists’ perceptions...
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...Paper about Jobs that are dependent of reputation Personal branding and company reputation being an entrepreneur. What determines reputation and what affects reputation aspects of reputation Quality determines reputation , in what way Over the last decades the business world has evolved from a very colonial period to a marketing/relationship era. As the relationship era starts we see that firms now seek ways to actively nurture customer’s loyalty by carefully managing every interaction and create long lasting bonds. Loyalty in nowaday businesses has become a key factor when determining competiveness and success within big markets. For instance big tech giants Mac & Windows, Car manufacturers BMW & Mercedez and soda drink Coca-Cola & Pepsi. Again and again we see that even though marketing, quality of product, distribution and experience are important but the customers loyalty determines the companies sustainability on the long run. The more companies realize this the more we them invest in strategies that focus on creating a bond between the consumer and the company. This same development can also be noticed within entrepreneurial companies in different service markets. There is now more than ever a new appreciation and importance attached to building and nurturing relationships. Still we see different entrepreneurial companies emerging and then after a short amount of time disappear or stop functioning. This leads us to question why? What are the variables...
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...Brianne Foster ENGL 279 Dr. Aiping Zhang Term Paper Proposal The topic I’d like to explore for my term paper is the heavy gender role/ stereotypes placed on women throughout different cultures and times. I want to bring to light the moments in which women were oppressed in all aspects of their life. I am interested in this topic because I am a woman myself and although I haven’t had to deal with all the trials and tribulations as the women of these times, this is still my history. Women have always been oppressed into a stereotype, even in today’s society there are still certain stigmas on the female gender. This issue is discussed and expressed in all forms of today’s media, education, policies and so on. Many perspectives on this issue bring forth feminism acts and organizations with goals aimed towards equal rights for men and women. Without these struggles I don’t know where I’d be in today’s society. The two texts that I have selected to write my comparison on are The Awakening by Kate Chopin and Daisy Miller by Henry James to which I’ll be able to compare the bias and misery between each woman’s struggles. The questions that my research will cover will expand on the ideals and basis of the female gender role throughout history and the main concepts as to why they are placed in those realms. Within my preliminary research I have found the repetitive oppression of the women spirit and freedom. In my paper I will present my two literature selections as support for...
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...existed without crimes and offenses of some kind for which society inflicts punishments (Dobb, 1994). In pre-colonial Ghana, different traditional societies had their own various ways of meting out punishments, deterring and rehabilitating offenders and deviants. In these societies, the socialization of the people and sanctions meted out to offenders were both in accordance to the customs, values, belief systems and traditions of the people. Power and authority rested on the chiefs and traditional rulers as well as heads of clans and families to punish culprits of various offenses and offer rehabilitation services. According to The Library of Congress Country Studies (1994) there was no prison system in the traditional Ghanaian society in the colonial era and advent of western education and culture in Ghana. The Ghana Police Service was established and mandated to provide the security needs of the citizens by protecting lives and properties. The judiciary or law courts of Ghana were also given the mandate to provide fair trial and justice to offenders arranged before them and those found guilty were given various punishments ranging from fines to custodian sentences in jail to serve as a deterrent to others. In the mid-nineteenth century, the British council of merchants established a network of harsh prisons in forts such as Cape Coast Castle. By the early 1900s, British colonial officials administered the country’s prisons and employed Europeans to work as guards in the prisons....
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...Introduction Khaled Hosseini (born march 4, 1965) is an Afghan –born American novelist and physician. After graduating college, he worked as a doctor in California, an occupation that he likens to "an arranged marriage" for him. Hosseini is a relatively new author. He has published three novels in ten years. His first novel The Kite Runner is considered as first novel written in English by Afghan writer. Hosseini's works reflect a wide range of important current events and contemporary issues about ethnic tension, women, family ties, Afghan immigrant, political and social transformation of Afghanistan from 1970s to 2013. Certainly, the war of Afghanistan are encompassing in all three novels. Hosseini had received many awards for his work, all of his novels became bestsellers and the first two novels The Kite Runner and A Thousand Splendid Suns had been adapted into movies. In this thesis, I will analyze the abuse of power in Khaled Hosseini's novels. The first novel is The Kite Runner (2003). This novel presents a story of strained family relationships between a father and a son, and between two brothers. How they deal with the guilt and forgiveness. The novel sets the interpersonal drama of the characters against the backdrop of Afghanistan, sketching the political and economical toll of the instability of various regimes in Afghanistan from the end of monarchy to the Soviet –backed government of the 1980s to the fundamentalist Taliban government of the 1990s.it also...
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...Different debates and differences have been focused on the colonial legacy for post-colonial Africa and the nature of colonialism. Various characterizations and conceptions tend to differ considerably among the international relations and African scholars. Between 1800 and 1900, majority of the European powers colonized the African continent. Colonialism, a political-economic occurrence whereby the various European nations exploited, took over, explored and settled down in great parts of the world still has a far reaching impact on the African continent. The colonialists; prolonged their ways of living beyond their domestic borders, economically exploited their colonies natural resources and this was done in order to strengthen and develop the colonies of the West and lastly created new markets. The African continent was indirectly impacted on the social, political, economic and cultural way of living. The colonial legacy is the inheritance of the state that belonged to the colonial administration from this administration by post-colonial rulers in Africa[1]. The legacy prompted racial domination through the native authorities. The colonial systems imposed on the African societies were detrimental towards development and prosperity. The ruling was not based on the choice, consent and will of the African people forcing them to abandon their methods of governance. This paper will analyze on how the colonial experiences have played a key role...
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...Karen Ordahl Kupperman Karen Ordahl Kupperman was born on April 23, 1939, in Devils Lake, North Dakota, of Swedish and Norwegian ancestry. Her father was a colonel in the United States Army. Kupperman attended elementary school in Fort Benning, Georgia, and then in Fargo, North Dakota. She attended junior high school in Fargo and then in U.S. Army schools in Japan, and high school in Springfield, Missouri. It is said that her favorite childhood books were a set of Grimm’s and Andersen’s fairy tales, she really loved these books because of the far-off worlds they recreated. Karen’s most important early influence, though, was the experience of living in different parts of the country during World War II and again in her teenage year. The young Karen became fascinated in different historical experiences of regions of the United States. The little time she spent in Japan when she was fourteen also gave her direct experience in cultural difference and insights into the ways cultures are built. Kupperman attended the University of Missouri, earning a bachelor’s degree in history in 1961. History has always been her favorite subject. After college she went to Harvard on a Woodrow Wilson fellowship, and left after she earned her master’s degree in 1962. She realized her passion was to teach and write about history when she took a teacher’s aide position at the University of Connecticut. Because of her passion she decided to go to Cambridge to get her Ph.D. in 1978. Following her...
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...and Ethnicity A Global Perspective Jeff Haynes UNRISD Discussion Paper 65 May 1995 UNRISD Discussion Papers are preliminary documents circulated in a limited number of copies to stimulate discussion and critical comment. The United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) is an autonomous agency engaging in multidisciplinary research on the social dimensions of contemporary problems affecting development. Its work is guided by the conviction that, for effective development policies to be formulated, an understanding of the social and political context is crucial. The Institute attempts to provide governments, development agencies, grassroots organizations and scholars with a better understanding of how development policies and processes of economic, social and environmental change affect different social groups. Working through an extensive network of national research centres, UNRISD aims to promote original research and strengthen research capacity in developing countries. Current research themes include: Crisis, Adjustment and Social Change; Socio-Economic and Political Consequences of the International Trade in Illicit Drugs; Environment, Sustainable Development and Social Change; Integrating Gender into Development Policy; Participation and Changes in Property Relations in Communist and Post-Communist Societies; and Political Violence and Social Movements. UNRISD research projects focused on the 1995 World Summit for Social Development included...
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...English IVB (AKA English 12) | Activity | Points | % of Total | Discuss | 90 | 7% | Exam | 20 | 2% | Explore | 10 | 1% | Final Exam | 100 | 8% | Journal | 80 | 6% | Practice | 250 | 20% | Quiz | 390 | 31% | Test (CST) | 100 | 8% | Test (TST) | 200 | 16% | | Total Points for the Course : 1240 | Unit 1: The Romantics | Lesson 1.1: Introduction to the Romantics | Activity 1.1.1: Study - Historical and Literary Context | (Documents: Study Sheet) | Get an overview of the historical and literary context for the reading. | | Duration: 40 min | | | Activity 1.1.2: Quiz - Comprehending the Study | Take a quiz to assess your understanding of the material. | | Duration: 20 min | Scoring: 10 | Points Earned: _____ | Lesson 1.2: Romantic Poetry | Activity 1.2.1: Study - Romantic Poetry: Spontaneous Overflow | (Documents: Study Sheet) | Learn about the characteristics and leading writers of Romantic poetry. | | Duration: 40 min | | | Activity 1.2.2: Quiz - Comprehending the Study | Take a quiz to assess your understanding of the material. | | Duration: 20 min | Scoring: 10 | Points Earned: _____ | Activity 1.2.3: Read - Poems from the Romantic Canon | (Documents: Reading Guide) | Read selections from a variety of Romantic poets. | | Duration: 1 hr | | | Activity 1.2.4: Quiz - Comprehending the Readings | Take a quiz to assess your understanding of the material. | ...
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...Week 5 Assignment PHI103: Informal Logic 29 November, 2012 Are there any legitimate restrictions on gun ownership? Introduction The modern era is heavily dependent on the TV as their chief source of information or news about the rest of the world. Since the nations have simultaneous access to the violent new stories that are exaggerated and sensationalized to generate more and more ratings all over the international television channels, newspapers and even the internet, a lot of people have started thinking whether the U.S. Constitutions’ 2nd Amendment is restrictive enough or not. According to a case in the Supreme Court recently, there was an evaluation of the said Amendment and its context. A question needed answering which were whether there were any legitimate restrictions on gun ownership. According to the ruling of the Supreme Court, other Constitutional Amendments and the dangerous times, there are not many legitimate restrictions in the ownership of firearms. Thesis Statement “There are not a lot of legitimate restrictions in ownership of firearms.” Discussion In the Court case of Heller versus District of Columbia (D.C), there are arguments which cover almost all possible aspects of the 2nd Amendment. From the year 1975, Columbian District has put a ban within the residents of D.C’s homes, on the unlocked firearms’ possession. The residents were required by law to store any and all firearms which were permissible in the Columbian District disassembled...
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...Introduction “Police history” predates the evolution of the “police” as a permanent occupational group within a bureaucratic institution, providing the primary state response to crime and disorder. That was primarily a development of the 19th century and a reaction to the rapid social change of the industrial revolution and rapid urbanization. Prior to 1800, governments maintained order by a variety of means, local and national. One of the key historical debates concerns the effectiveness of these approaches and the degree of continuity between the premodern and modern police models. Around 1800 a small number of distinctively different types of police institution emerged. The French, under Napoleon, instituted the Gendarmerie, a state military police model. It evolved from the “Marechaussee,” which had had a dual military and civil function since the 16th century. The model was exported across Europe by Napoleon. The British developed two models. The first, set up to answer similar challenges to the Gendarmerie in France, was the Royal Irish Constabulary model. It was close to the state military model, but distinctively styled as part of the civil power of the state and subordinated to the Magistracy. The Irish model was subsequently exported to Britain’s colonies and became the basis of forces such as the Indian Police Service. The Metropolitan Police was consciously created as a local force with a uniform that was deliberately different from the military and a mission that...
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...GBHN AND THE DEVELOPMENT PLANNING IN INDONESIA Imam Subkhan Abstract After more than a decade Indonesia entered the New Reform era, there is now a desire among some politicians and intellectuals to revive the concept of the Guidelines (GBHN) to guide development planning as it was once used under the New Order regime. The desire was based on the view that the current development planning has led to much turmoil, collision and no sustainability. This paper describes the Guidelines used for development planning in the reform era called Long Term Development Plan (RPJMN) is somewhat similar to the Guidelines (GBHN) in the perspective of theory of modernization development. Therefore, chaos, development planning collision is actually not caused by the absence of the Guidelines itself, but rather on the changes of the state power system into more horizontal system so that no state agency is able to fully control the development planning from the center down to regions, something which was done well in the era of the New Order. Keywords: GBHN, RPJMN, Modernist, Development. During a political debate in Jakarta late March 2014, the 3rd President of Indonesia, BJ Habibie recalled the importance of having a Broad Guidelines of State Policy (GBHN) to be revived1. In late January 2014, at a meeting with Golkar Party cadres, Habibie also reminded the same thing. "We are aware, in the absence of such Guidelines the development in Indonesia will not run well on the long run. So, I want to...
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