...(Apfelbaum et al. (2012) - Color Blindness) 1. What were the 3 most important or interesting things you learned from this article? 1) Race is being addressed in schools to be accepted; however emphasizing that race doesn’t matter is having the opposite effect as early as age 10. 2) Dominant groups as Whites believe they are underprivileged because of policies that assist Blacks, which shows how important racial blindness is. I find this result interesting because I do not believe that Whites are disadvantaged by such policies. 3) Multiculturalism is an approach where group differences are openly discussed and examined to avoid color blindness. Todd and Galinsky (2011) found that people exposed to a multicultural message would express better understanding of other people by...
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...Research Paper 1: Paradigm Shift Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System is created by Second Sight design for people that are suffering from blindness. It starts with an epiretinal prosthesis implant which is an implant placed on top of the retina. Also attach is an antenna, electronics case, and an electrode array. Those parts are than connected to glasses, cable, and video processing unit. How it works is a small camera in the glasses capture an image than is processed by VPU that is attached to the belt. It than sends the instruction back through the cable to the glasses. They are than wirelessly transmitted to the antenna in the implant. Which go to the electrode array that creates a small pulse of electricity. These pulses stimulate functioning cells bypassing the damage photoreceptor. They then send visual information through the optical nerve to the brain. The patient is than able to see pattern of light. One impact is the ability to see anything as a person with blindness. They being able to see an image that is not just darkness. To see a world in not just one color but in a variety of colors. Second to be able to see motion in front of them. Moving object would be able to be seen. To see what the things making sound are and what are they. Third impact is what it would do to their self-confidence. It would boost it immensely for they would not have to rely on another being to do something. To be able to walk outside and not have to rely on a walking stick, a person...
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...certain changes in retinal blood vessels. Growth of new vessels (also known as neo-vascularization), disappearance of vessel ( due to occlusion) , change in dimension are some of the structural changes associated with blood vessels. In cases with hypertension, the retinal arteries dilate by about 35%. Inspite of diabetic retinopathy, age and hypertension also causes changes in the structural geometry of retinal vessels. Diabetes may cause retinal abnormalities which is known as diabetic retinopathy, abnormalities in kidneys (diabetic nephropathy), nervous system (diabetic neuropathy) and is known to be one of the major risk for cardiovascular diseases. Diabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication caused by diabetes which can lead to blindness. There won’t be any visible signs in the early stages of diabetic retinopathy but as the time passes the severity and number of abnormalities increases. Diabetic retinopathy typically starts with microa-neurysm ,representing local enlargement of tiny retinal capil-laries, which is the first detectable sign. Second stage is hemor-rhage, which is caused by the ruptured microaneurysm.. Lipid formations leaking from weakened blood vessels ,known as hard exudates, appear after a period of time. As the retinopathy advances, the blood vessels may become obstructed causing microinfarcts...
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...that always whispers to me when one of “us” appears intelligent: “Yes, these authors made us look like we had some sense! Look how analytical they sounded!” But why on earth do I have to feel like that in this marvelous, post racial society? After reading, I noticed that despite the year tacked on to the assigned readings, the content barely changed. From Dubois (1903) to Wingfield and Feagin (2012), we are still acknowledging the same woes that a society assigns particular groups of people. We are still attempting to come up with dire solutions in hopes that everyone will begin to “get along” with one another. But most of all, because of this…People of color are still waiting to exhale. In this essay, there will be two parts: Firstly, a general analysis of the assigned literature for this week. In this compartment of my paper, I will analyze extracted points from the readings thematically as it directly relates to certain points in the “Critical Race: An Introduction” excerpt. Here, I will also be giving a respectful critique of Dubois’ postulations in the “Souls of Black Folk.” Secondly I will critique Allport’s (1954) contact hypothesis that was discussed in Hewstone and Swart (2011). Introduction of Critical Race Theory (CRT) Before I analyze the literature, I think it would be wise to give a brief definition and explanation of Critical Race Theory in general. Delgado and Stefancic (2006) offered a pretty understandable definition and illustration of CRT, highlighting...
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...Kyle Warmuth Physics 2010 Research Paper John Dalton John Dalton contributed a lot towards advancing in chemistry and in physics. His most well known accomplishment was his work on atomic theory. This theory was based on his studies with gases and their reactions with each other. This theory was the most important discovery of its time, leading the way to what we know chemistry to be today. Dalton also is known for Law of Multiple Proportions, and Law of Partial Pressures. Chemistry was not Dalton’s first interest though; he was first interested in the weather and color blindness, after considering law and medicine (wikipedia). John Dalton was born in Eaglesfield, Cumberland, England, on September 6 1766. His family was Quaker; he was a son of a weaver. He joined his older brother Jonathan and ran a Quaker school in Kendal at the age of 15 (wikipedia). The school taught languages, 21 mathematics, and science courses, at one point they had 60 students. Though the school was popular they did not make any money, so for extra income Dalton wrote answers to “ladies questions” in magazines (Blamire). After teaching for a while he considered taking up medicine or law but his relatives did not show enthusiasm for either subject. He then moved to Manchester where he became a teacher of mathematics and natural philosophy at the “New College.” He got this position through a blind philosopher and polymath John Gough; Dalton owes much of his scientific knowledge to...
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...Neil Harbisson's Eyeborg Palm Beach State College Abstract This paper explores the new technological advances for people with Achromatopsia from research conducted mostly online. All of the research conducted explains the device on how it is used and what it is used for. It also shows how the sounds are conducted so the people using the eyeborg can understand it. Neil Harbisson's Eyeborg Barcelona based artist, Neil Harbisson was born with a condition called Achromatopsia which means that he was born color-blind. He has described himself as a cyborgist and colorologist. With the help of a new technological device that is attached to the back of his skull can translate color to sound. Harbisson can hear the color of sound through audible frequencies through this device in which he calls an "eyeborg". Harbisson has used the term sonochromatism (or sonochromatopsia) to define his new condition. He explains that "achromatopsia can no longer define his condition because achromatopsics cannot perceive nor distinguish colors. He also explains that synesthesia does not define his condition accurately because the relation between color and sound varies depending on each person, whereas sonochromatopsia is an extra sense that relates color to sound objectively and equally to everyone" (Harbisson, 2012). The idea for the device came about when he was attending Dartmouth College of Arts in England, where Harbisson met Adam Montandon who was giving a lecture on cybernetics...
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...horrible blisters, abscesses, and ulcers on the face, eyelids, and eyes of the consumers who used Lash Lure, and it led to blindness for some. In one instance, the ulcers were so severe that a woman developed a bacterial infection and died. This incident and others like it led the United States Congress to pass the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic (FD&C) Act of 1938. This law gave the FDA regulatory authority over cosmetic products, and companies began to test products and ingredients on animals in an effort to assure safety for consumers. The FDA “urges cosmetic manufacturers to conduct whatever tests are appropriate to establish that their cosmetics are safe”, but “does not specifically mandate animal testing for cosmetic safety.” The issue that is being raised is it ethical to harm an animal for the sake of marketing a new cosmetic product. Facts: Every year, an estimated 70 million animals are maimed or killed for cosmetic testing in the US alone, and nearly $12 billion taxpayer dollars are spent yearly on the practice. Labs that use mice, rats, birds, reptiles and amphibians are exempted from the minimal protections under the Animal Welfare Act (AWA). The AWA authorizes the Secretary of Agriculture to promulgate standards and other requirements governing the humane handling, housing, care, treatment, and transportation of certain animals by dealers, research facilities, exhibitors, carriers, and intermediate handlers. The AWA defines animal to mean “any live or dead dog, cat,...
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...Sensation and Perception Chapter: Sensation and Perception Sensation and Perception Sensation versus Perception Psychophysics and Thresholds Vision USING PSYCHOLOGY: Color Visual receptor: The Eye Operation of the Eye Eye Problem: Color Blindness Hearing Operation of the Ear Ear Problem: Deafness Chemical senses—Smell and Taste Chemical Senses Receptors: The Nose and Taste Buds Operation of the Chemical Senses Other senses: Skin Other Senses: Balance and Body Position Perception Figure-ground Perception The Wholeness of Figure Perception Perceptual Grouping Perception and Attention Stimulus Variation and Perception Perceptual Constancies Visual Perception of Distance Visual Perception of Motion Hearing Perception Illusions as "Errors" in Perception USING PSYCHOLOGY: Clothing Extrasensory perception (ESP) REVIEW QUESTIONS ACTIVITIES INTERESTED IN MORE? 183 Sensation and Perception WHAT'S THE ANSWER? Instructors in Driver Education advise their students to look twice in both directions before driving across an intersection. Why? "Watch it, Klausman! Watch where you're going!. . . Well, would you look at that. He ran into the goal post!" PSYCHOLOGY: Exploring Behavior Sensation and Perception 184 Moments later, "Klausman, how many times have I told you? You've got to look where you're going! What if that had been a defensive player from the opposing team? How do you feel?" "I feel OK, coach, but I've got a bad ringing in my ears." What causes the ringing in...
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...construction of whiteness from a theoretical perspective, whites understanding themselves and their social status, in addition to the evolution of whiteness. Many studies have been undertaken on the social construction of whiteness. These studies shed a lot of light on the different perceptions on whiteness, gaps in research, areas of highest research interest, strengths and weaknesses of the various methodologies, and direction for future studies. In the study done by Hartmann, Gerteis, and Croll, the focus was on the theoretical aspects of whiteness studies. The findings led the researchers to estimate that in the United States, 15% of the population exhibit what may be called ‘categorical whiteness’ (404). The study by Hartmann, et.al, was carried out using data obtained during a recent national survey, which helped provide an empirical assessment of the theoretical underpinnings of whiteness studies (Hartmann, et.al 404). Three propositions regarding the awareness and conception of whites about their own racial status were analyzed. The propositions included: the understanding of racial privileges, the invisibility of the white identity, and adherence to individualistic and color-blind ideals. The findings turned out to be consistent with those previously spelled out in whiteness theories. Hartmann, et.al, discovered that white Americans are much less aware of privilege compared to individuals belonging to minority groups...
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...Female and Male Sexual Disorders Summer L. Meeks Florida Memorial University Abstract There are times in a couple’s life when things do not go so well in the bedroom. One or both of the partners are unable to perform in sexual encounters. These problems are called sexual dysfunctions. Sexual dysfunctions are defined as persistent or recurrent difficulties in becoming sexually aroused or reaching orgasm. There are many different types of sexual dysfunctions. They are classified into four categories: sexual desire disorders, sexual arousal disorders, orgasmic disorders, and sexual pain disorders. The disorder I would like to touch on that affects both men and women sexual desire disorders. Female and Male Sexual Disorders The orgasmic disorder is split into two categories. The first category is the female orgasmic disorder. This disorder causes women a challenge to achieve orgasm if they can achieve it, but this does not always count for masturbation. Women with this disorder usually do not receive enough clitoral stimulation during sexual intercourse to be able to achieve orgasm. Performance anxiety or sexual guilt may provoke an outburst. Also, trying too hard causes the opposite. Another main problem women encounter is not participating to the fullest. They rather watch than engage when it comes to active sexual intercourse. Women can also experience premature ejaculation, but most of the times this is not even recognized or classified as orgasmic disorder. Types of...
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...The Life and Science of James Clerk Maxwell The Life and Science of James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) Physicist and Mathematician “The theory of relativity would have never been possible without the mathematical equations first described by James Maxwell." -Albert Einstein GRAPH James Clerk Maxwell may not be a household name when it comes to scientists, but his contributions to the field ranks him with some of the great scientists of all time.He is mainly known for his ground breaking work in electromagnetics, spurring a field that has given rise to many of the great accomplishments of the twentieth century.His equations, which relate the effects of electricity and magnetism to one another, are key in the development of modern relativity theory and the development electrical components and electronic systems.Like many great scientists, Maxwell was ahead of his time and his equations were not completely understood by his peers, but as science and mathematics progressed the beauty and genius behind his equations was fully revealed. On June 13, 1831, James Clerk Maxwell was born in Edinburgh, Scotland.With the exception of an older sister that died at a young age, he was an only child.His father, John, was a lawyer who was in his forties by the time James was born.John was considered to be an intelligent, but somewhat eccentric man.When James was young, his mother, Frances Cay, died after a prolonged illness (believed now to be cancer).After his mother’s passing...
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...perspectives: definitions of diversity, benefits of diversity, diversity training and organizational attitude, evaluation of diversity training, challenges and resistance to diversity. The major benefits of diversity include increased quantities of high quality decisions, high employee loyalty and low turnover, and improved business performance. Diversity training approaches can be categorized into awareness-based training and skill-based training, and six major training techniques such as lecture, questioning, brainstorm, small-group discussion and role-playing can be adopted. Evaluating diversity training should be aligned with organizational business goals, and four steps could be used to evaluate diversity training programmes. Diversity blindness and diversity hostility are recognized as the major challenges for introducing workforce diversity training. Keywords: workforce diversity, diversity training, employee diversity education Introduction Accompanying with the globalization of the workforce and increasing human resource diversity, embracing diversity is regarded as one of the major challenges for all the organizations. Recognizing, valuing, and understanding the difference,...
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...Approximately 17 million Americans have diabetes.(Lamb) As many as one-half are unaware they have it. This chronic disease causes serious health complications including renal failure, heart disease, stroke, and blindness. It is a condition in which the pancreas no longer produces enough insulin or cells stop responding to the insulin that is produced. Then glucose in the blood is not able to be absorbed into the cells of the body.(Kishore) The cells in the human body need energy in order to function. Glucose is the body's primary energy source. It is a simple sugar resulting from the digestion of foods containing carbohydrates. It circulates in the blood from the foods that are digested as a ready energy source for any cells that need it. Insulin is a hormone or chemical produced by cells in the pancreas, it is located behind the stomach. It bonds to a receptor site on the outside of cell and goes into the cell through which glucose can enter. Glucose can be saved for later use by converting to concentrated energy sources like glycogen or fatty acids. When there is not enough insulin produced , glucose stays in the blood rather entering the cells. The body will attempt to dilute the high level of glucose in the blood, which called hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia acts by drawing water out of the cells and into the bloodstream, to dilute the sugar and excrete it in the urine. People with undiagnosed diabetes to be constantly thirsty, drink large quantities of water, and urinate...
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...Media has its responsibility to report: in this context, scientific publication, the very coin of the realm for research scientists. One renowned research scientist claims that 90% of medical research is wrong. It is a very, very powerful statement: “90% of medical research is wrong.” He tracks 49 of the most highly acclaimed research findings in medicine over the previous 13 years. He puts his contention to the test, not against some random run-of-the-mill researches, or even merely well-accepted research, but against the absolute tip of the research pyramid. These research findings had been judged by the science community’s two standard measures: (1) the papers appeared in the journals most widely cited in research articles, and (2) those 49 articles themselves were the most widely cited articles in those journals. These articles had been considered as game changer that had lead to the widespread popularity of treatments such as: (a) the use of hormone-replacement therapy for menopausal women, (b) vitamin E to reduce the risk of heart disease, (c) coronary stents to ward off heart attacks, and (d) daily low-dose aspirin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory...
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...During the twentieth century in Michigan, many believed that they could create a race of strong, healthy individuals by weeding out the ‘unfit.’ Those they considered to be idiots, imbeciles, feeble minded, insane, sexual perverts, moral degenerates, and epileptic persons were considered for sterilization. The thought was that by sterilizing the ‘unfit’ and the minorities, the worst genes would be eliminated, therefore only the best genes would reproduce. Focusing my research between the years 1869-1974, this paper will investigate the birth of eugenics and Michigan's adoption of the science, which resulted in the massive human rights violations of the states 3,786 residents. This paper will provide the answer to, why was eugenic sterilization such a commonly accepted science in Michigan during the early 1900’s until the sterilization law was repealed in the 1974? My research will show that eugenic sterilization, although heinous in nature, was justified by Michigan scientists and residents a like by claims of a more humane society and was thought to be the saving grace of mankind. Eugenics is a word derived from Greek meaning "well born" and was formulated by British scientist Francis Galton, cousin of Charles Darwin, after an 1869 study which stemmed from his cousins idea of better evolution. This work concluded that heredity was the sole factor in a persons make up—all things good and bad, anywhere from intellect to deformations. The definition of eugenics given by Galton...
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