Biologically Important Molecules, Carbohydrates, Proteins, lipids and Nucleic Acids

Tiffany Osbey
Jackson State University
Lab Report

Authors:
Tiffany Osbey
Portia Mcmlertrey
Jamia Ransome
Darrius Bryant

Abstract:
Organic molecules are those primarily made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The common organic compounds of living organisms are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Each of these macromolecules (polymers) are made of smaller subunits (monomers). The bonds between these subunits are formed by dehydration synthesis. This process requires energy; a molecule of water is removed (dehydration) and a covalent bond is formed between the subunits (Fig.1). Breaking this bond is called hydrolysis; it requires the addition of a water molecule and releases energy. Each class of these macromolecules has different structures and properties. For example, lipids (composed of fatty acids) have many C-H bonds and relatively little oxygen, while proteins (composed of amino acids) have amino groups (-NH3+) and carboxyl (-COOH) groups. These characteristic subunits and chemical groups impart different properties to the macromolecules. For example, monosaccharide’s such as glucose are polar and soluble in water, whereas lipids are non-polar and insoluble in water.
Objective:
Perform lest to detect the presence of biology important carbohydrates, proteins lipids and nucleic acid. Explain the importance of a positive and a negative control in biochemical test. Use biochemical test to identify a known compound.

Materials: Onion juice | Paper bag | Potato juice | Eye dropper | Distilled water | Water | Starch | Salad oil | Pipets | Test tube |

6.1
Test drops
Add 2ml benedict solutions
Boil
Starch | Blue | Distilled water | BLUE | Onion juice | Orange | Potato | Orange | Sucrose | Green |

6.2
Iodine
Starch | Iodine color | Potato | Iodine color | Distilled water | Water at bottom/ iodine color on top/did not mix | Sucrose | Iodine color | Onion juice | Iodine color |

6.3 1 | 2ml egg albumen | Yellow cloudy white | 2 | 2ml honey | Yellow clear | 3 | 2ml amino acid solution | Dark cloudy white | 4 | 2ml distilled water | clear | 5 | 2ml protein solution | Cloudy white |

6.4
As atone- small bubbles at bottom
Water- separation of products

6.5 1ml salad oil | Water stays at top | 1ml salad oil and Sudan iv | Pink at top yellow at bottom | 1ml honey and sudan iv | Pink | 1ml distilled water and sudan iv | Clear pink | 1ml known solution and sudan iv | Red top clear bottom |

6.6
Water- dried/ no reaction on paper
Salad oil-made paper look wet/see through paper/ made paper thinner