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Commentary of Sun Rising by John Donne

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“The Sun Rising” written by John Donne is a poem about two lovers and the invasion of the sun. In this poem, the sun symbolizes an intruder that is constantly disturbing the two lovers. The speaker expresses his annoyance by the sun’s routinely invasion, and also the beauty of his love. Furthermore, this dramatic love poem takes place in the bed of the two lovers, which is the central image the poem is focused around. Donne uses literary devices such as hyperbole, personification, and apostrophe in correlation to the sun to express how he really feels about this intruder and how much his lover means to him. In the first stanza, Donne uses personification and accuses the sun of being a “busy old fool” that does nothing but interrupt the “lovers motions.” This accusing and whining tone sets the stage for this poem as well as the attitude the speaker has towards the sun. The speaker goes on to further insult the sun by mocking the sun and calling it a “saucy pedantic wretch.” All of these descriptive adjectives allow the reader to have a better understanding of the way the speaker feels about the sun. In likes 7 and 8, the speaker uses apostrophe as well as personification and tells the sun to go call to country ants and court-huntsmen. This is significant because almost all things on earth depend on time with the sun rising and setting, unlike love. Donne uses juxtaposition by comparing earthly things such as ants harvesting, which depends all on time, to love which is beyond earthly things. Therefore, with this contrast Donne expresses that love is independent of time and the love that the speaker has is so beyond earthly aspects that it does not need time to dictate when it can be implemented. According to the speaker, love does not abide by time like many things on earth do. In the second stanza, the speaker becomes more personal by describing his lover, yet still insults the sun while he compliments and praises his lover. In the beginning of the second stanza, the speaker questions the sun as to why he believes he is so strong, and then goes on to further belittle the sun. The speaker claims that he could “eclipse and cloud” the sun with a single wink. This reference to the moon correlates to the theme of celestial bodies in which Donne uses to express the power of the love the speaker has with his partner. This insulting reference that he makes towards the sun then turns into a romantic claim towards his lover in which he says, “ But that I would not lose her sight for so long.” This is where the speaker begins to praise his lover while still using personification and apostrophe to question the sun. The speaker’s tone shifts as he speaks about his lover and the speaker becomes more confident. Donne uses comparisons which allow the reader to understand the admiration the speaker feels towards his lover for example the speaker claims that the eyes of his lover are as beautiful as the Indias of spice and mine. Furthermore, there is an ironic aspect in the second stanza in correlation to when the speaker says, “If her eyes have not blinded thine,” because usually the sun blinds people’s eyes, but in this case the speaker’s lover is taking the job of the sun which is insulting to the sun. The speaker goes on to further compare himself to a king because of the power he feels from this memorizing love. In the third stanza, the poem completely shifts. Unlike the first two stanzas, the speaker begins to accept the sun and the negative tone the speaker used to describe the sun is no longer present. It is almost as though in the last stanza, the speaker has a sudden epiphany that changes the way he feels towards the sun as well as the strength of love he feels. In the second line of the last stanza, the speaker comes to the realization that nothing else in the world matters because the love that the speaker has with his lover is the only real and true thing left in the universe. To further prove his point, Donne again uses comparisons of prince and princes’ traits such as honor and wealth to say that they only mimic that of their love. Finally the speaker goes on to conclude that he and his lover are making the job of the sun much easier since their room is the entire world. The speaker makes it clear that he and his lover are the world because their love is the only thing that is true and real, therefore “This bed thy center is, these walls thy sphere.” In addition, the only thing that matters are inside the lover’s bedroom, therefore the sun does not need to shine on anything except them; the sudden change of the speaker’s attitude also shows that the speaker does not care if the sun shines on them because nothing else matters besides them. This huge claim the speaker makes allows the reader to see the strength of their love and the way he feels about his lover. In this poem, each stanza has a shift. In the first stanza, the speaker addresses the sun as to why it must allow interrupt “lover’s motion” with it’s time. In the second stanza, the speaker goes on to focus on the beauty of his lover and how she makes him feel. Finally in the third stanza, the speaker is more accepting towards in the sun in a very carefree attitude. Donne’s usage of personification, comparisons, and apostrophes allows the reader to get the sense that love it not something that should be scheduled into time it should just happen when it happens and time should not disturb them. Donne uses celestial bodies to portray this aspect, which allows for greater depth, and ultimately the speaker comes to the conclusion that he doesn’t care if the sun shines on them because there love is all that matters and nothing will stop them.

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