...Assignment On Risk Management in International Business with Special Reference to Bangladesh Submitted to Dr. Shah Md. Ahsan Habib Crouse Instructor: International Business Submitted by Milton Kanti Das Id: 12364015 Program: MBA BRAC Business School 1::Introduction: Due to globalization, it’s hardly to find any business activities that are only associated within only in local market. Basically, today’s business means international business. On the other hand international business consists of lots of opportunities as well as lots of risks. Being success in the international business depends on handling of the risks properly. If these types of risks cannot handle properly doing business will be very difficult to sustain in international market. There are risks in international business among them some can be handled and some cannot be handled. Here in this page I will try to discuss those risks regarding international trade that can be handled by using different mechanism. There are different types of mechanisms have developed all over the world to reduce these risks. Throughout the paper I have tried to discuss these mechanisms also. 2::Objectives To discuss the theoretical aspect of risks and techniques of risk management in international business. To discuss the risk management tools of Bangladesh. 2.1:: Theoretical Aspect of Risks and Techniques of Risk Management in International Business: In international business firms have to face many risks due to political...
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...Introduction The exchange rate volatility and its impact on the volume of international trade has been studied Intensively during 1970’s when the world economy shifted from fixed exchange rate to free floating Exchange rate. The hypotheses may be that if the exchange rate volatility is higher than it will generate Uncertainty of the future profit from export trade. To diminish the uncertainty investors can go for Currency hedge and minimize the uncertainty related to international trade in short time. In long the Run, exchange rate volatility may also affect trade indirectly by influencing firm’s investment decision. However, the commercial investors have limited possibilities of trading claims to future operational Cash flows. Hence they are forced to shift away to less risky markets. According to these arguments, traders are risk averse, and hedging is expensive or impossible. Therefore, exchange rate volatility will reduce risk adjusted profit from foreign trade. The high degree of volatility and uncertainty of Exchange rate movements since the beginning of the generalized floating in 1973 have led policy makers and researchers to investigate the nature and extent of the impact of such movements on the volume of trade. However, the studies dealt with the exchange rate volatility and its effect on trade flows have yielded mixed results. On one hand, a number of studies have argued that exchange rate volatility will impose costs on risk averse market participants...
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...Transmission of International Commodity Prices to Domestic Prices in Bangladesh M. Golam Mortaza Habibour Rahman June 2008 Policy Analysis Unit (PAU) Bangladesh Bank Head Office, Dhaka, Bangladesh (www.bangladeshbank.org.bd) (www.bangladesh-bank.org) Policy Analysis Unit* (PAU) Working Paper Series: WP 0807 Transmission of International Commodity Prices to Domestic Prices in Bangladesh M. Golam Mortaza Research Economist Policy Analysis Unit Bangladesh Bank Habibour Rahman Research Economist Policy Analysis Unit Bangladesh Bank June 2008 Copyright © 2008 by Bangladesh Bank * In an attempt to upgrade the capacity for research and policy analysis at Bangladesh Bank (BB), PAU prepares and publishes Working Papers on macroeconomic issues as a part of its routine activities. These papers reflect research in progress, and as such comments are most welcome. It is expected that these papers would eventually be published in learned journals after undergoing due review process. Neither the Board of Directors nor the management of, or any agency of the Government of Bangladesh necessarily endorses any or all of the views expressed in these papers. The latter reflects views based on professional analysis carried out by the staff of Bangladesh Bank, and hence the usual caveat of research reports applies. [An electronic version of this paper is available at www.bangladeshbank.org.bd] Transmission of International Commodity Prices to Domestic Prices...
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...Management Department Assignment Cyclical Effects of Inflation in the Economy of Bangladesh Course Name:- Micro Economics Course Number:- 1208 Submitted To Mr. Shah Redwan Chowdhury Assistant Professor Management Studies Jagannath University Submitted By Amity (Group-07) (114922-114940) 6th Batch, Sec:-B Management Studies Jagannath University Sl/No | Name | Roll | Status | 01 | Abul Hasan Emon | 114922 | Absent | 02 | Ashif Manowar Oli | 114924 | Present | 03 | Fatema Tuz Zohora | 114926 | Present | 04 | Tanvin Haque Mitara | 114928 | Present | 05 | Md. Rafiqul Islam | 114930 | Present | 06 | Khandaker Arif Hossain | 114932 | Absent | 07 | Touhidur Rahman Al-Baky | 114934 | Present | 08 | Rajib Sarker | 114936 | Absent | 09 | Bidyut Dey | 114938 | Present | 10 | Md. Farhad Hossain | 114940 | Present | Acknowledgement:- We have taken efforts in this assignment. However, it would not have been possible without the kind support and help of many individuals. We would like to extend our sincere thanks to all of them. We are highly indebted to Mr. Shah Redwan Chowdhury Sir for his guidance and constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the assignment & also for his support in completing the project. We would...
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...Financial Markets in Bangladesh. A financial market is a market in which people and entities can trade financial securities, commodities, and other fungible items of value at low transaction costs and at prices that reflect supply and demand. Securities include stocks and bonds, and commodities include precious metals or agricultural goods. The financial market in Bangladesh is mainly of following types: 1. Money Market: A segment of the financial market in which financial instruments with high liquidity and very short maturities are traded. The money market is used by participants as a means for borrowing and lending in the short term, from several days to just under a year. Money market securities consist of negotiable certificates of deposit (CDs), banker’s acceptances, Treasury bills, commercial paper, municipal notes, federal funds and repurchase agreements (repos). There are currently 15 primary dealers (12 banks and 3 FIs) in Bangladesh. The only active secondary market is overnight call money market which is participated by the scheduled banks and FIs. The money market in Bangladesh is regulated by Bangladesh Bank (BB), the Central Bank of Bangladesh. 2. Capital market: A market in which individuals and institutions trade financial securities. Organizations/institutions in the public and private sectors also often sell securities on the capital markets in order to raise funds. Thus, this type of market is composed of both the primary and secondary markets. The...
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...the Context of Bangladesh Mohammad Nayeem Abdullah1 Robaka Shamsher2 Newaz Ahmed Chowudhury3 Abstract In Asia, Bangladesh is one of the hardest hit by the current wave of inflation and oil price hike. The economy has been observing double digit inflation growth on point-to-point basis since July 2007. In Bangladesh, the correlation between per capita income and food weight in total Consumer Price Index (CPI) is one of the highest in the world and the economy is vulnerable to sharp hikes in fuel and non-fuel commodity prices. The BDTUS$ exchange rate has been depreciating steadily for some time, reaching a record high of BDT 72.70 per USD in January 2011, which has direct impact on food inflation that Bangladesh is currently experiencing. An International Monetary Fund (IMF) study shows food prices on headline inflation has been a staggering 55.9 percent in Asia in 2007, whereas the figure was 34.1 percent in the 2000-06 period. The researchers highlight that a further depreciation of the BDT could lead to additional cost push inflation for Bangladesh. This article attempts to investigate causes and consequences of inflation on the economy of Bangladesh. This paper also reviews the past record of the inflation and makes a forecast on the possible movement of inflation. At the end on the paper the researchers forward some strategic points that might be useful to reduce inflation. Keywords: Food inflation, oil price hike, general inflation, world food price Bangladesh. 1. Introduction...
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...Introduction: Trade is an integral part of the total developmental effort and national growth of all economies including Bangladesh. It particularly plays a central role in the development plan of Bangladesh where foreign exchange scarcity constitutes a critical bottleneck. Export trade can largely meet ‘foreign exchange gap’, and export growth would increase the import capacity of the country that, in turn, would increase industrialization, as well as overall economic activities. Bangladesh’s import needs are substantial; hence the need to rapidly increase exports is immediate. In order to finance the imports and also to reduce the country’s dependence on foreign aid, the Government of Bangladesh has been trying to enhance foreign exchange earnings through planned and increased exports. However, the global trade scenario has exposed structural limitations of the Bangladesh economy, posing a variety of challenges for the country that has underdeveloped technology and a low capital base. In this assignment we discuss the composition, performance and trends of foreign trade of Bangladesh. In the process, we examine Bangladesh’s export and import performance compared to those of various countries, regions and the world over the years. We also discuss the sources of Bangladesh’s imports and directions of Bangladesh’s exports and the dynamic changes over the years, and highlight the trends of export and import shares to GDP and trade balance positions with different countries...
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...PRICE INFLATION IN BANGLADESH PRICE INFLATION IN BANGLADESH Course : Economics Prepared for: Dr. Samir Kumar Sheel Assistant Professor Department of Marketing, FACULTY OF BUSINESS STUDIES Prepared by: A.T.M. Golam Kibria Khan EMBA, 19TH BATCH, ROLL: 41119055 Department of Marketing FACULTY OF BUSINESS STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF DHAKA DATE OF SUBMISSION : August 02, 2011 Letter of Transmittal August 02, 2011 Assistant Professor, Dr. Samir Kumar Sheel Course Teacher: Economics Department of Marketing Faculty of Business Studies University of Dhaka Dear Sir, With great pleasure we are submitting our Term Paper on “Price Inflation in Bangladesh”. We have found this report as of informative, beneficial as well as insightful. We have tried our level best to prepare an effective & creditable report. The report contains detail description upon Inflation and the Price inflation in Bangladesh. Here we have gathered information through different sources. I honestly hope that this analytical assessment will identify the causes and impacts of price inflation of Bangladesh. Therefore we hope you will find this report worth all the effort we have put in it. Sincerely Yours, A.T.M. Golam Kibria Khan Executive Summary The current wave of inflation has been eroding purchasing power of the low and middle income people in Bangladesh, as they need to pay much higher bills for food grain and other commodities. The Exchequer of Bangladesh, which absorbs the petroleum price hike...
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...1990 total disbursed aid was equivalent to 8.1% of Bangladesh's GDP; in 2000 the share had come down to 4.0%; exports as a percentage of GDP, on the other hand, has gone up from 6.8% to 14.5% over the same period. In 1990 the country's earnings of the foreign exchange from export and remittance was 1.3 times that of the aid disbursed; by the year 2000 it was almost 5 times as high. Bangladesh's graduation from a predominantly aid recipient country to a predominantly trading country is one of the major achievements of the 1990s. The structural shift from primary to manufacturing exports, from resource-based to process based exportables and from the traditional jute-centric to the emergent RMG-centric export is remarkable by any standard. Over the same period the country had also to import an increasing amount of production and non-production related commodities. Increasing exports have allowed the country to service a large part of this growing import demand without seriously undermining the balance of payments position of the country and the country's debt servicing record. Consequently, in view of the increasing degree of openness of the Bangladesh economy, factors such as competitiveness of the external sector, market access capacity and ability for strengthened global integration are becoming key determinants in terms of not only the performance of the external sector but also the overall growth and development of the country. The present...
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...Introduction to Foreign Exchange: Foreign Exchange means Foreign Currency. If we consider Foreign Exchange as a subject then it means all kinds of transactions related to foreign Currency, as well as currency instruments such as draft, MT, TT, TC, and Payment Order & Foreign Trade. In other words Foreign Exchange deals with Foreign Financial Transactions. Foreign Exchange refers to the process or mechanism by which the currency of one country is converted into the currency of another currency and, thereby, involves the international transfer of money. It is the means of method by which rights to wealth in a country’s currency are converted into rights to wealth in another currency. In banks where we talk Foreign Exchange, we refer to the general mechanism by which a bank converts currency of one country into that of another’s. Dr. Paul Einzig defines Foreign Exchange as the system or process of converting one national currency into another and of transferring the ownership of money from one country to another. In terms of Foreign Exchange Regulations Act, 1947 as adapted in Bangladesh, Foreign Exchange means Foreign Currency and include all deposits credits and balances payable in Foreign currency as well as all Foreign currency instruments, such as, Drafts, Travelers Cheques, Bill of Exchange, Hundi, and Promissory Notes payable in any foreign country. Evaluation of Foreign Exchange Rate System in Bangladesh: With the demise of the foreign currency exchange rates during the...
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...University of Dhaka A Report on “Inflation: Perspective Bangladesh” Date of Submission: May 26, 2011 A Report on “Inflation: Perspective Bangladesh” Course no. & name: F-203-Macroeconomics Submitted to: Mohammad Salahuddin Chowdhury Lecturer Department of Finance University of Dhaka Submitted by: Group: Morning Stars Sec-B BBA 16th batch Dept. of Finance University of Dhaka Date of Submission: May 26, 2011 Group members are Name | Roll | K. M. Najmus Sakib | 16-020 | Mobasheera Tasnim | 16-052 | Md. Kamrul Islam | 16-090 | Rajib Kumar Deb | 16-106 | Shaykha Sultana | 16-160 | Md. Shamsul Alam | 16-172 | Letter of Transmittal May 26, 2011 Mohammad Salahuddin Chowdhury Lecturer Department of Finance University of Dhaka Subject: Submission of a report on “Inflation: Perspective Bangladesh” Dear Sir, We are presenting a report on “Inflation: Perspective Bangladesh”. In this report we have included various methodologies to explain the current scenario of inflation in Bangladesh. In making the study, we had to take help from the various sources of internet, different institutes and class lectures of our course teacher. We are grateful to them for extending generous help. We acknowledge the contribution of our course teacher heartily. We have tried to use our academic knowledge in real life. We are pleased to be granted this vital opportunity and grateful for your versatile assistance. We hope that our work...
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...[pic] Topic: Recent International Trade scenario of Bangladesh BOP Submitted To: Mr. Shantanu Kumar Roy Joint Director Foreign exchange policy department. Bangladesh Bank, Sylhet. Lecturer Department of Business Administration Metropolitan University, Sylhet. Submitted By: Mir Md. Nazmul Haydar MBA 22nd Batch ID No: 111-126-025 Metropolitan University Content |Sl No. |Title |Page no. | |1 |Introduction |1-3 | |2 |Composition and Performance of Exports of Bangladesh |3 | | |Export Earnings and Export Growth | | |3 |Export Earnings and Export Growth by Commodities |3 | |4 |Exports of Primary and Manufacturing Commodities |4 | |5 |Export Value, Volume and Unit Price Index |4-5 | |6 |Exports Performance Compared to Imports...
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...STOCK MARKET: Stock Exchange (also called Stock Market or Share Market) is one important constituent of capital market. Stock Exchange is an organized market for the purchase and sale of industrial and financial security. It is convenient place where trading in securities is conducted in systematic manner i.e. as per certain rules and regulations. It performs various functions and offers useful services to investors and borrowing companies. It is an investment intermediary and facilitates economic and industrial development of a country. Stock exchange is an organized market for buying and selling corporate and other securities. Here, securities are purchased and sold out as per certain well-defined rules and regulations. It provides a convenient and secured mechanism or platform for transactions in different securities. Such securities include shares and debentures issued by public companies which are duly listed at the stock exchange, and bonds and debentures issued by government, public corporations and municipal and port trust bodies. STOCK MARKET OF BANGLADESH: Bangladesh has two Stock Exchanges, Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE), where trading is conducted by Computerized Automated Trading System and Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE), which is also conducted by Computerized Automated Trading System . All exchanges are self-regulated, private sector entities which must have their operating rules approved by the SEC. The Chairman and Members of the Commission are appointed by...
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...currencies. It affects the demand for exports and imports. Currency devaluation is evaluated in terms of the foreign exchange rate. Exchange rate is the value between two currencies shows how much one currency is worth in terms of other currency. The depth and intensity of exchange rate volatility and its impact on the volume of international trade was recognized during 1970s when the world economy shifted from fixed exchange rate to free floating exchange rate. If the exchange rate volatility is higher, then it will generate uncertainty of the future profit from export trade. In this assignment we will discuss on such issues like exchange rate volatility I addition to currency devaluation and its impact on the volume of international trade of developing country focusing Bangladesh. This assignment is based on the exchange rate and its volatility in addition to devaluation that affect on the on international trade of Bangladesh. The concept of the study is taken from the academic activity of ECN-201 course instructed by Mrs. Nahid ferdousi, lecturer of Department of Business Administration of University of Asia Pacific. This paper consists of three parts. In first part we will give a short description of currency valuation and factors that affects the currency valuation, and then we animated the impact of devaluation on the economy focusing developing country like Bangladesh. After all we include some example of currency variation in terms of some countries. All the information we...
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...REPORT ON Monetary Policy of Bangladesh PATUAKHALI SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY Monetary Policy of Bangladesh SUBMITTED TO M. Kazi Tamim Rahman Lecturer Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology Faculty of Business Administration and Management SUBMITTED BY Group: 01(Warrior) Level-3, Semester-1 Faculty of Business Administration and Management Name of the students | Reg. No. | Roll No. | Md. Kamruzzaman (L) | 00660 | 01 | Shuvradeb Barai | 00668 | 09 | Abu Zafour | 00680 | 21 | Sahana Parveen | 00666 | 07 | Nazmul Alam Siddiqui | 00565 | 25 | Money and Banking Course code: FBK 312 SUBMISSION DATE: PATUAKHALI SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY Acknowledgement At first we desire to express our deepest sense of gratitude of almighty Allah. With profound regard we gratefully acknowledge our respected course teacher M. Kazi Tamim Rahman, Lecturer, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Faculty of Business Administration and Management, for his generous help and day to day suggestion during the preparation of this report. We like to give thanks especially to our friends and many individuals, for their enthusiastic encouragements and helps during the preparation of this report us by sharing ideas regarding this subject and for their assistance in typing and proof reading this manuscript. Table of Contents Chapter – 1 ...
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