...and Nonprofit Organizations by Kamilah A’Vant Submitted to MGMT 640 9040 November 13, 2011 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This paper will outline the similarities and differences between for-profit organizations and nonprofit and organizations. Many view for-profit and nonprofit companies as very different business organizations; however they have many commonalities. Both for-profit and nonprofit organizations are corporations. As a corporation, both are legal enterprises created to operate and transact business. Corporations hire employees to manage day-to-day activities and act in its best interests. For-profit and nonprofit companies work to control spending, find ways to bring in revenue, operate under organizational structures and utilize accounting practices to track and report how efficiently assets are used. Nonprofit organizations fall under a large umbrella in respect to size and mission. The environment under which they do business helps set them apart from for-profit companies. Nonprofit companies have a great need for their services, face cuts in funding and capital limitations. In this paper I will focus on the financial management techniques used by for-profit and nonprofit companies. I will address the following questions: • What are the sources of funds available to for-profit and nonprofit companies? • Is there a conflict between the mission and bottom line of nonprofit companies? • What types of control functions and governance...
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...available a product or service to a customer in a manner that allows it to charge more than its expenses while distinguishing itself from others who sell the same thing, in the process generating an acceptable return on investment. Inputs are translated into outputs, and this is accomplished in a way that makes economic sense and is sustainable. It would appear that, in seeking generalizability, most of the extant perspectives attempt to oversimplify a firm’s business model. The challenge is to produce a framework that is applicable to firms in general, but that serves the needs of the individual entrepreneur and the unique combinations behind his/her venture that make it sustainable. Accordingly, a framework is proposed that consists of three levels, or sets of decisions, and these are termed the ‘foundation’, ‘proprietary’, and ‘rules’ levels. Further, at each level, six basic components are considered. The Foundation Level: Defining the Basic Components At its essence, a well-formulated...
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...care provider, but also an educator and advocate for women’s health. Planned Parenthood assists women in making conscious and well-informed choices about health, sex, and family planning. Every year over three million women, men, and teens visit Planned Parenthood associated medical centers to receive health care such as routine gynecological exams, breast and cervical cancer screenings, contraceptive services, abortion care, sexually transmitted infection/disease testing and treatment. According to Planned Parenthood, one out of five female Americans pays a visit to a Planned Parenthoodcenter throughout the course of her life (Planned Parenthood, 2014). Because Planned Parenthood is a nonprofit organization, it relies heavily on government funding to support its broad mission and programs. At the end of the 2014 fiscal year, it was revealed that Planned Parenthood health centers were recipients of $528.4 million in government funds. These funds were the largest source of income for the organization followed by private donors, charitable foundations, and non-government sources. With this being said, federal funding is absolutely essential to ensuring that Planned Parenthood’s program operations are successfully executed. Opponents of Planned Parenthood have rallied against federal funding, calling for a halt while Congress investigates the organization for its alleged practices surrounding fetal tissue extractions post abortion and their subsequent sale to research institutions....
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...workforce for organisations in terms of creativity and so on, different approach diversity management, how might be diversity, Ethnicity in job applications * Fictional CVs, online applications * Entry-level jobs * Same CV, different names * Name as indicator of ethnicity What is diversity? Diversity encompasses any characteristic used to differentiate one person from others Primary dimensions: age ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation … Secondary dimensions: educational attainment, geographic location, income, marital status, religious beliefs … The EEO approach The creation of conditions to ensure that staff have an equal chance to seek & obtain e/ment & promotion Governments – legally driven approach * Anti-discrimination legislation * Affirmative action act 1986 – equal opportunity for women in the workplace act 1999 (changed name which better reflect the purpose of the legislation). Anti-discrimination * AU: federal & state / territory legislation * Discrimination: unfair treatment of a person or minority group based on prejudice(偏见). * Direct discrimination: Person with attribute treated less favourably than person without attribute. * Indirect discrimination: Policies/practices which appear neutral but which have the effect of excluding or treating unfavourably groups of people on basis of attributes. Affirmative action Programs that require firms to make special efforts to recruit, hire and promote women &/or...
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...2) economic climate, and 3) Increase of product variety. There are 600 new restaurants opening every month and over 200 more needed to keep pace with increasing demand. 1 TRENDS & STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITIES The predicated growth trend is very positive both in short and long-term projections. Folkney states that “as modern living creates more demands, people will be compelled to eat more meals away from home”. In 1988 The National Restaurant Association released the Foodservice Industry 2000 report that forecasted how the industry might look in the year 2000. Some highlights from the panel's findings: • • Consumers will spend a greater proportion of their food away from home. Independent operators and entrepreneurs will be the main source of new restaurant concepts. Nutritional concerns will be critical at all types of foodservice operations,...
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...Chapter 8 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages or using licensing as a market entry tool? Give examples of companies from different countries that use licensing as a global marketing strategy. Licensing: Advantages: • Low cost entry alternative • Allows licensor to circumvent tariffs, quotas, or similar export barriers • Limits political risk and risk of expropriation • Provides additional profitability with little initial investment • Provides method of circumventing tariffs, quotas, and other export barriers • Attractive ROI • Low costs to implement Disadvantages: • A limited form of participation; licensor generally has no control on marketing program associated with product produced under license. • Financial upside limited by royalty rate. • Licensees can become competitors. 2. The president of XYZ Manufacturing Company of Buffalo, New York, comes to you with a license offer from a company in Osaka. In return for sharing the company's patents and know-how, the Japanese company will pay a license fee of 5 percent of the ex-factory price of all products sold based on the U.S. company’s license. The president wants your advice. What would you tell him? Assuming XYZ is a small manufacturer with limited international experience, and if the picture for both market and sales (market share) potential are promising, licensing can be an attractive entry mode. Possibly entry into the Japanese market could be expedited by following this approach, especially...
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...TE AM FL Y THE JOSSEY-BASS Academic Administrator’s Guide to Budgets and Financial Management The Jossey-Bass Academic Administrator’s Guides are designed to help new and experienced campus professionals when a promotion or move brings on new responsibilities, new tasks, and new situations. Each book focuses on a single topic, exploring its application to the higher education setting. These real world guides provide advice about day-to-day responsibilities as well as an orientation to the organizational environment of campus administration. From department chairs to office staff supervisors, these concise resources will help college and university administrators understand and overcome obstacles to success. We hope you will find this volume useful in your work. To that end, we welcome your reaction to this volume and to the series in general, including suggestions for future topics. THE JOSSEY-BASS Academic Administrator’s Guide TO Budgets and Financial Management Margaret J. Barr Copyright © 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by Jossey-Bass A Wiley Imprint 989 Market Street, San Francisco, CA 94103-1741 www.josseybass.com No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission...
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...Phillip J. Davenporte, M.B.A. MBA 5652 Research Methods Unit III Assignment For this assignment, review at least five articles according to the following instructions: • Using the criteria for “Judging a Research Study” on pages 258 and 259 of your textbook, evaluate at least five or more research articles. • Answer Questions 1 and 2 for all five articles. • Answer two questions from each of the remaining sections of the criteria questions for all five sources (14 questions for a total of 16 questions per source). • Include an APA references list for all five (or more) sources. A. “The Case for diversity in the health care workforce” 1. How Closely is the literature reviewed in the study related to the previous literature? In the first half of the study, the literature reviewed was not as closely related to the previous literature studied. The first half of the paper was used to set the contextual parameters of the study and to explain the basic epidemiology and rationale for the study. The second part of the paper was more closely aligned with previous literature reviewed. The information dealt directly with the research topic and the supporting literature and referenced articles dealt exclusively with the topic at hand. 2. Is the review recent? Are there any outstanding references you know about that were left out? I would consider this review to be relatively recent. The data contained in this research paper and the related referenced articles...
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...Americans would legalize gay marriage nationwide, favor equal rights for such unions Fifty-two percent of Americans would vote for a federal law legalizing gay marriage in all 50 states. Americans' broader support for recognizing same-sex marriage, at 54%, hasn't changed since the Supreme Court's recent rulings. PRINCETON, NJ -- If given the opportunity to vote on a law legalizing gay marriage in all 50 states, the slight majority of Americans, 52%, say they would cast their vote in favor, while 43% would vote against it. Across the nation's major demographic, political, and religious groups, support for the proposed law ranges from as high as 77% among self-described liberal Americans, and 76% among those with no religious affiliation, to as low as 23% among weekly churchgoers, and 30% among Republicans and conservatives. Other groups showing at least 60% support for legalizing same-sex marriage nationwide include Democrats, adults aged 18 to 34, those who rarely or never attend a church or other place of worship, moderates, Easterners, and Catholics. Others showing less than 50% support include Protestants, adults 55 and older, Southerners, and men. The groups showing the most ambiguity about such a same-sex marriage law, with between 51% and 53% in favor and 43% to 45% opposed, include Midwesterners, nonwhites, and adults aged 35 to 54. No Shift Since Court Decisions in General Support for Legalizing Gay Marriage In the same poll, Gallup asked a separate half-sample...
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...HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2004 Cultural Liberty in Today’s Diverse World Accommodating people’s growing demands for their inclusion in society, for respect of their ethnicity, religion, and language, takes more than democracy and equitable growth. Also needed are multicultural policies that recognize differences, champion diversity and promote cultural freedoms, so that all people can choose to speak their language, practice their religion, and participate in shaping their culture— so that all people can choose to be who they are. 65 108 166 55 34 82 3 14 91 51 40 138 29 62 6 99 161 134 114 66 128 72 33 56 175 173 130 141 4 105 169 167 43 94 73 136 144 168 45 163 48 52 30 32 Albania Algeria Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Congo, Dem. Rep. of the Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic 17 154 95 98 100 120 103 109 156 36 170 81 13 16 122 155 97 19 131 24 93 121 160 172 104 153 115 23 38 7 127 111 101 10 22 21 79 9 90 78 148 28 44 110 135 50 80 Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea...
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...Instructor’s Manual to accompany Economics Sixteenth Edition Campbell R. McConnell University of Nebraska Stanley L. Brue Pacific Lutheran University Prepared by Randy Grant Linfield College Instructor’s Manual to accompany ECONOMICS Campbell R. McConnell and Stanley L. Brue Published by McGraw-Hill, an imprint of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The contents, or parts thereof, may be reproduced in print form solely for classroom use with ECONOMICS provided such reproductions bear copyright notice, but may not be reproduced in any other form or for any other purpose without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Text printer code/Cover printer code 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 ISBN 0-07-288477-0 www.mhhe.com The Nature and Method of Economics CHAPTER ONE THE NATURE AND METHOD OF ECONOMICS CHAPTER OVERVIEW This chapter begins with a discussion of the meaning and importance of economics. In this first chapter, however, we will not plunge into problems and issues; instead we consider some important preliminaries. We first look at the economic perspective—how economists think about problems. Next, we state some of the benefits of studying economics. Then, we examine the specific...
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...Financial Institutions Center Derivatives and Corporate Risk Management: Participation and Volume Decisions in the Insurance Industry by J. David Cummins Richard D. Phillips Stephen D. Smith 98-19 THE WHARTON FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS CENTER The Wharton Financial Institutions Center provides a multi-disciplinary research approach to the problems and opportunities facing the financial services industry in its search for competitive excellence. The Center's research focuses on the issues related to managing risk at the firm level as well as ways to improve productivity and performance. The Center fosters the development of a community of faculty, visiting scholars and Ph.D. candidates whose research interests complement and support the mission of the Center. The Center works closely with industry executives and practitioners to ensure that its research is informed by the operating realities and competitive demands facing industry participants as they pursue competitive excellence. Copies of the working papers summarized here are available from the Center. If you would like to learn more about the Center or become a member of our research community, please let us know of your interest. Anthony M. Santomero Director The Working Paper Series is made possible by a generous grant from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Derivatives and Corporate Risk Management: Participation and Volume Decisions in the Insurance Industry By J. David Cummins Wharton School, University...
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...These types of activities eventually will give such a negative impact towards the environment such as the critical global warming and climate change. Hence, a green ‘power’ or electricity that is environmentally friendly is needed in order to prevent the Earth from continually dying. So what is green electricity? As stated by Green Electricity Marketplace website, ‘green electricity’' is well defined as electricity that is produced from sources which is eco-friendly and do not cause any negative impacts towards the environment. It is undeniable that every type of electricity generation will have some impact upon the environment, but some sources are much environmentally friendly than others. The greenest energy sources are those which utilise the natural energy flows of the Earth and they are usually known as renewable energy sources as they will never run out. There are various studies were conducted to examined or analysed the green electricity. These kinds of studies, however, almost invariably focus on the conservative variables such as sources, cost and impact in analysing the green electricity while overlooking other variables which is the social perception on it. Different from the prior studies, this study specifies relatively complete on public acceptance or perceptions and focus on how they perceive the green electricity. Moreover, this study tries to fills the research gap through investigating the linkages between the public acceptance and...
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...Communities A Report for the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Commission to Build a Healthier America Wilder Research Wilder Research Wilder Research Report prepared for the RWJF Commission to Build a Healthier America by Paul W. Mattessich, Ph.D. Wilder Research Saint Paul, Minnesota Ela J. Rausch, M.P . .P Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Minneapolis, Minnesota With support from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation June 2013 Creating Healthy Communities Cross-sector partnerships are sparking widespread action to improve community health COATESVILLE , PA SEATTLE, WA Access to healthy foods Access to preventative care and healthy housing LOS ANGELES , CA Quality early child care and education CHICAGO, IL Data and evidence to build health into all policies and practices MIAMI , FL Opportunities for physical activity and healthy living health community development • community development finance • community planning • early child care/education • human services • housing Introduction “ Building a healthier America is feasible in years, not decades, if we collaborate and act on what is making a difference.” —Robert Wood Johnson Foundation In 2008, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation convened a commission of nonpartisan leaders to identify opportunities to improve the health of all Americans by creating environments that protect and actively promote health. Their report, Beyond Health Care: New Directions to a Healthier America...
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...Punjab-Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (P-PRSP) Munib ur Rehman OCTOBER, 2003 Preface Pakistan has always been plagued with the scourge of poverty. This situation has worsened during the last decade. Poverty deprives people of the assets they are entitled to. It takes away their rights and liberties and it results in a loss of dignity. Now, despite many gains at the macro level and a generally healthy economic outlook, poverty still persists and continues to increase. This trend needs to be reversed. Fight against poverty has always remained on the agenda of the government. There has been a significant focus on poverty reduction through various development schemes and projects. Government of Punjab did not have a special poverty reduction programme as such in the past. This meant that while resources were spent on various poverty alleviation schemes and projects, there was no significant attention paid to the poor as the focal point in such programme. Consequentially we neither had a proper data base on poverty nor were any assessments made of the projects and Programmes vis-à-vis their impact on the lives of the poor. The present Punjab Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper [P-PRSP] is an effort to streamline the system and to ensure that poverty and the poor are specially targeted for various interventions. Similarly, review and monitoring is being ensured with a view to creating a feedback loop, allowing us to improve programmes as they are implemented...
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