.../assignments/data_sources 3. Which of the following are examples of manipulation and transformation commands? (Choose all that apply.) a. sed b. pr c. join d. paste 4. Which of the following is true of the pipe operator? (Choose all that apply.) d. It redirects the output of one command to the input of another command. 5. Because the data was formatted the same in two inventory files, you decided to combine their contents into one file. Now you want to determine if there are duplicate entries on consecutive lines in the new file. Which of the following commands enables you to find the duplicate entries? c. uniq 6. Your friend is using the command comm entryfile, but is getting an error message. What is the problem? (Choose all that apply.) b. It is necessary to use either the -m or -t option with the comm command. 7. Your boss is trying to import the customers file into her spreadsheet program, but the data goes into the spreadsheet incorrectly. This is because the fields are separated by dashes (-) and the spreadsheet program requires the fields to be separated by colons (:)....
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...Introduction to Comm Paper # 1 Meaning of Communication: Power and Control Communication can be described as something that is everything and everywhere. Communication can be looked at as not only something that happens between human beings, but something that occurs between all living organisms. When communication occurs words are not the only thing that is being transferred. Communication can be the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information, as by speech, signals, writing, or behavior. In order to have communication, there must be understanding. When understanding is present, more effective communication can occur. Communication to me is far beyond the words that are being said. I think a lot can be told through expressions in the face and tone of voice that is being used. The verbal part of communication is a main piece to the process, but you can tell a lot more of how the person feels or get a good sense of what is being said through the tone and facial reactions that you see. Communication is far more complex than the way I look at it in the paragraph above. Communication can also be traced back through culture and experiences. When looking at culture, it is easier to look at where communication came from. Within each culture there must be one language which will serve as the means of communication. Culture helps define communication because culture helps a society share the same ideas, customs, and beliefs. When two people (or things) share the same idea...
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...Comm101 Principles of Responsible Commerce Topic: The Historical Development of Modern Business Enterprises Objectives for this lecture • Consider a brief historical account of the development of modern national and multinational business organisations. • Consider, in particular, the benefits and costs of two major characteristics of such organisations: increased size and separation of ownership and control. • Discuss some of the processes by which firms have tried to reduce the incidence of opportunistic behaviour by management. • Briefly consider a recent Australian example of a significant business management failure. 2 Why is knowledge of historical developments important? • Understanding historical developments helps us to: • Apply lessons from the past: are there commonalities between past and the present? • Understand the importance of path dependency, i.e. that some past decisions have had long term ramifications (e.g. convict settlement of Australia), and so current period decisions may also affect future generations (e.g. CO2 emissions). • Appreciate the inevitability of continual economic and social evolution, but understanding that we have some influence on how and when such changes should occur. • So a sound understanding of history brings empowerment to 3 the debate about current business practices. 1 Important historical developments • Pre about 1850, in industrialising UK, the typical business firm was: • Small scale, mostly catering to local demand...
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...*Price: The amount of money charged for a product or service, or the sum of the values consumers exchange for the benefits of having or using the product or service. > Major pricing strategies *Considerations in setting price [Figure 9.1], [Figure 9.2] -Customer perceptions of value = Price ceiling (No demand above this price) Assess customer needs and value perceptions -> set target price to match customer perceived value -> determine costs that can be incurred -> design product to deliver desired value at target price -Product costs = Price floor (No profits below this price) Design a good product -> determine product costs -> set price based on cost -> convince buyers of product’s value 1. Customer value-based pricing: setting the price based on buyers’ perception of value, rather than on the seller’s cost. a. Good value pricing: offering just the right combination of quality and good service that customers want at a fair price. E.g. Mcdonald’s offer value meals and dollar menu items. Small and less expensive models in Armani car companies. b. Value-added pricing: rather than cutting prices to match competitors, marketers adopting this strategy attach value-added features and services to differentiate their offerings and this supports higher prices. 2. Cost-based pricing: setting prices based on the costs for producing, distributing and selling the product, plus a fair rate of return for its effort and risk. E.g. Woolworth, Dell (lower...
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...A Letter from the CEO As employees of Lucent’s Technologies your talents and dedication have been the most critical factor in the success of our business. Thanks to your efforts, Lucent’s Technologies has achieved tremendous operational milestones and we now stand ready to take the next necessary step to improve our overall financial health and position the company for continued growth and opportunity. Unfortunately, however, as you know, we have faced serious allegations about our business practice over the past few years. We inherited an unsustainable $679 million debt load from the previous management team. Furthermore, we have over $400 million of debt coming due within the next 12 months that cannot be refinanced in these financial markets. Reports has surface that Lucent’s had been engaged in creative accounting practices. According to an article, in the Wall Street Journal (2001) sales projection were imposed on sales executives increasing our growth potential and raising our stock values. These practices were taking place to meet WSJ projection goal for the company results in an internal investigation revealing accounting irregularities. The earnings management practices were initiated at the top, but eventually involved high level managers and their subordinates. However, I would like add, that every employees involved in these practices are no longer with the company. Violating the code of conduct is a very unethical practice and we have taken steps to...
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...Think back to the first time you ever heard of communication. I find my self constantly drawn back to the subject of communication. While it has been acknowledged that it has an important part to play in the development of man, there are just not enough blues songs written about communication. Inevitably communication is often misunderstood by socialists, many of whom fail to comprehend the full scope of communication. Keeping all of this in mind, in this essay I will examine the major issues. Social Factors Society is a simple word with a very complex definition. The immortal and indispensable phrase ‘honesty is the best policy’ [1] shead new light on communication, allowing man to take it by the hand and understand its momentum. No symbol is more potent than communication in society today. It cleary plays a significant role amongst the developing middle classes. When one is faced with people of today a central theme emerges - communication is either adored or despised, it leaves no one undecided. If society has a favourite child, it is communication. Economic Factors The preceding section may have shed some light on society but to really understand man you must know how he spends his money. We will begin by looking at the Fish-Out-Of-Water model, as is standard in this case. Interest communication How do we explain these clear trends? Recent studies indicate that interest plays in increasingly important role in the market economy. Strong fluctuations...
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...Karpman Drama Triangle In the movie “Love don’t cost a thing,” both of the main characters, Alvin and Paris, portrayed all of the three roles. Alvin was the victim because he was bullied by all of his classmates and always was looked down upon by everyone. He needed the help from someone like Paris, to help him get out of that whole he was in. Therefore she became his rescuer. At the same time that this was going on, without either of them realizing it Paris was also a victim of her own surroundings. Alvin was a rescuer because he helped her realize what her true goals in life were. The relationship was not genuine from the beginning therefore they had to suffer consequences. That happened when they both became prosecutors. He felt that he had done enough for her by fixing her car and that their relationship should be over so he broke up with her. She was upset because that made her look bad and she became the prosecutor also when she exposed him. At the end of the movie they rescue each other by getting back together. In this movie Alvin and Paris both also suffered the false love syndrome. Alvin thought that Paris was the most beautiful girl and that if they got together his life would be perfect. Once they did get together he realized that maybe he would actually rather be single since he was so popular. Paris on the other hand, experienced it also but it was not with him, it was actually with her ex boyfriend. In her eyes he was the best she could ever do. He was going...
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...More Than Communication John lewis BCOM/275 More Than Communication Demonstrating communication skills is the process of sending and receiving messages with an attached meaning. Therefore, a person who sends a form of communication, a sender, to a person who receives that communication, a receiver, responds to the original sender which then makes the original sender the new receiver. The attached meaning is the way one shows or presents the form of communication towards the sender or receiver. “Communication is a bilateral process which is impossible without feedback from its members” (Indriksons). The sender in the process of communicating is the person who originates the message and sometimes waits for a response. While, the receiver, acquires the message and sometimes replies towards the original sender. Demonstrating one’s communication skills can be interpreted in many ways. A few examples of demonstrating one’s communication skills is how the sender and receiver show their facial expressions, tone of voice, body language and even the style in which they dress. Facial expression gives a nonverbal response to either the sender or receiver based off of how the muscles of the face move. Facial expression and body language have a lot in common in how they correlate with each other. Most likely these two will match and coincide with the same emotion that one is feeling. Tone of voice is how one projects a speech from the mouth, whether it is...
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...Speech Topic: ZUMBA * Introduction * Attention Getter: Who here has ever made a New Year’s Resolution to get into better shape? * If you haven’t been able to stick to your New Year’s Resolution, you probably haven’t attended a Zumba class! * Zumba is a dance-based fitness program that includes both slow and fast rhythms of music such as salsa, samba, merengue, tango and even hip hop, which calls for a great cardio workout. * Body * Importance of exercise * More than 1/3 of U.S. adults are obese and heart disease is the leading cause of death in the U.S. * Many people don’t exercise because they are lazy, dislike hard workouts or don’t have time. Exercising isn’t just about losing weight, it is crucial to your everyday health and well being. * Benefits from Zumba * Keeps you interested and never gets boring so you’ll always want to come back. * Works for everyone no matter what age, gender, size or fitness level you are. * Huge calorie burner, average number: 817 in one hour and it feels like you’re only there for 15 minutes. * Social workout so you’ll always meet new people that can motivate and inspire you. * Stress relief because you are releasing endorphins and having fun so you’re getting your mind off things that stress you out. * Health benefits include: * Improvements to your cardiovascular health * Weight loss ...
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...Speech Topic: ZUMBA * Introduction * Attention Getter: Who here has ever made a New Year’s Resolution to get into better shape? * If you haven’t been able to stick to your New Year’s Resolution, you probably haven’t attended a Zumba class! * Zumba is a dance-based fitness program that includes both slow and fast rhythms of music such as salsa, samba, merengue, tango and even hip hop, which calls for a great cardio workout. * Body * Importance of exercise * More than 1/3 of U.S. adults are obese and heart disease is the leading cause of death in the U.S. * Many people don’t exercise because they are lazy, dislike hard workouts or don’t have time. Exercising isn’t just about losing weight, it is crucial to your everyday health and well being. * Benefits from Zumba * Keeps you interested and never gets boring so you’ll always want to come back. * Works for everyone no matter what age, gender, size or fitness level you are. * Huge calorie burner, average number: 817 in one hour and it feels like you’re only there for 15 minutes. * Social workout so you’ll always meet new people that can motivate and inspire you. * Stress relief because you are releasing endorphins and having fun so you’re getting your mind off things that stress you out. * Health benefits include: * Improvements to your cardiovascular health * Weight loss ...
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...One of the key elements to having a successful team would be communication which can either be verbal or nonverbal. Now even though these two are separate types of communication, they are both essential to use in order to fully express everyone’s understanding and point of view. Groups have to connect in a way for everyone to comprehend and contribute to make the final product. Without good communication within a team, the process may become that much more difficult especially when trying to express ideas over a medium such as e-mail or text messages. As explained in Ch. 7 of Working in Groups, verbal communication is simply the vocabulary we use to communicate such as the words we say to each other or the words used to create an essay just like this. Nonverbal communication emphasizes more on the way we say the words or the emotion behind the sentence being used. Some examples of nonverbal communication would be the tone of a person’s voice, body language, or even eye contact. Nonverbal communication may be difficult to express through things such as text messaging or e-mail but people have used symbols which can represent a certain type of emotion like using all capital letters or over exaggerating punctuations. In Ch. 7 of Working in Groups, it explains that scientist believe that men and women think differently but each of these types of thinking are needed when working within a group of men and women. When working in a group of this nature it is best to not use...
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...Based on my own opinion about the “responsible business” is the legal sector has long been involved in elements of Responsible Business but I am not sure that all would recognize the term responsible business. This is not because they are not responsible but more because the legal sector is still a bit behind the times when it comes to Corporate Responsibility (CR), Sustainability or as I heard it called recently ESG (Environment, Social and Governance). Yes there are some firms with fantastic and innovative CR program that have real impact but I think the key issue is investment. And by investment I mean in senior CR staff, proper budgets and truly “getting” the business case for CR. In the summer of 2014, I was amongst many I guess who cheered a huge hurrah as The Institute for Corporate Responsibility and Sustainability launched. This I felt was a huge leap forward for CR in, amongst others, the legal sector, as those of us who have been working in CR for many years could now achieve professional status. I know it is early days but it then disappoints me when I see yet another law firm recruiting for a junior level member of staff to run their CR program. Where is the leadership? Where is the understanding of the importance of this key area of business? For all other areas of their businesses law firms will invest in appointing the most experienced person to manage a practice area, they will give the title “Head” and they will give a staffing allocation and budget. Perhaps...
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...Introduction I found an article from a financial periodical called _____ regarding a company’s accounting firm being penalized for violating auditing rules of a company’s revenue recognition practices. I will be referencing and discussing the restatement of the company, the accounting principles involved, the effect of the errors and changes on financial statements, and the affect on the stockholders. The PCAOB (Public Company Accounting Oversight Board) has penalized Ernst & Young $2 million for violating audit firm PCAOB’s rules. Ernst & Young (audit firm) failed to properly evaluate how Medicis Pharmaceutical Corp. (company) was calculating its reserve for sales returns. Financial Restatement Summary Medicis Pharmaceutical Corp. had to restate more than three years worth of financial statements in 2008 (Censuring E&Y, PCAOB Hits Firm's Lack of Skepticism). According to an inspection by PCAOB of Ernst & Young (audit firm) they found that there was an inaccurate interpretation of FAS 48, "Revenue Recognition When Right of Return Exists." Medicis was using an exemption to that rule for expired or soon-to-expire products that customers had returned to its distributor, but it did not apply to resellers or distributors (in this case) since the returned products were not sellable. This exemption can only be used if the product being exchanged is of the same kind and quality, the company was not supposed to consider the two products (soon to expire & customer...
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...Audience Analysis COM 285 Audience Analysis Audience analysis is “the process of examining information about the listeners whom you expect to hear your speech” (Audience Analysis, para 1.). In this paper, I will describe a situation in which I am presenting quarterly sales information to a group of stakeholders, salespeople, managers and customers, at an in-person meeting. I will also discuss some of the audience characteristics that I must consider, along with finding the appropriate communication channels to use. I will also discuss some factors to consider when given the diversity of the group, and how to ensure that my message that I will be giving is effective. According to Locker and Keinzler (2008), the first step in analyzing an audience is to determine who the audience is. Identifying the audience and their motivations will assist you in learning how to reach them, and what messages to use to accomplish the task (Locker & Keinzler, 2008). Audience Characteristics Determine my Audience. The first step in developing my presentation, I will have to determine who my audience is. This is to ensure that I deliver an effective and clear presentation, with the focus on who is receiving the message. I am already aware that the audience consists of stakeholders, managers, salespeople, and customers. Therefore, given the audience, I can presume that I will be expecting a diverse group of people attending my presentation. Some of the...
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...I want a Coke. No Pepsi, a Coke. Imagine my frustration when approaching to the vending machine I find out that Pepsi has monopolised the whole soda section. As selfish human I have two options, accept this cruel world and have a Pepsi, or make a supernatural effort and go upstairs (the mechanicals didn’t work) to the bar. My youthful nonconformity beats my laziness, deciding to venture in search of the holy grail of sodas. Thumbs up if you feel identified. Now you wonder: what is it that binds me so strongly to this brand, which draws me out of my comfort zone, when the actual product is the same? The answer is simple: it makes me feel good and happy. As Antonio Damasio, a kwon neuroscientist said: ‘We are not thinking machines that feel, we are feeling machines that think’ (Damasio, 1994) Emotions are strong mediators of message processing, exploited by big brands to sell their products and shape our cognitive responses. The brain is the main responsible of consumer behaviour. And it can be modulated by brands through communication, being an addresser with great authority on the addressee, making a combination of code in right context and contact an effective weapon of consumption. Advertising has the power to make our amygdala, the controller of emotions, shake. It influences our prefrontal cortex to make choices, leading a perfect combination in mixing feelings with, what we think, are “rational decisions”. They create new selling strategies that jump over the connotative...
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