...From Capital Vol 1 In chapter four Marx says that the starting point of capital is through commodies. Marx states “from the exchange of various use-values, and consider only the economic forms produced by this process of circulation, we find its final result to be money” (329). Marx explains his idea with two kinds of circulation which are C-M-C and M-C-M. C-M-C stans for commodities transformed into money. In senario the money that is obtained from the commodity s used to get another commodity. This is in terms as an exchange like if a person where to sell a shirt for $20 dollars, and then use that money to buy bread. M-C-M stands for buying in order to sell meaning that a commodity turns into money. The difference is that the end money has “surplus value (332)”. Marxis states that the final M in M-C-M' is “M'= M+Δ= the orignal sum advanced, plus increment”(332). M-C-M represent modern capitalism because the end result is money. Meaning in the end of M-C-M we exchange money for money. There is a constant cycle but the the beginning point is money, therefore in reality the M-C-M is the general formula for capital. Aristole says states that there is an opposition between this cycle. He calls the conflict between this cycle Oeconomic to Chrematistic. As stated by Aristole Oeconomic is “True wealth consist as such values in use; for the quantity of possessions of this kind, capable of making life pleasant, is not unlimited”(333). The opposition is Chrematistic where it...
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...Case 06-4: Fast Car, Inc. In June 2008, the FASB issued FASB Statement 167, Amendments to FASB Interpretation No. 46(R) (Statement 167), which is effective as of the beginning of each reporting entity’s first annual reporting period that begins after November 15, 2009. Statement 167 amends Interpretation 46(R) to require an enterprise to perform a qualitative analysis (eliminates quantitative analysis) to determine whether the enterprise’s variable interest or interests give it a controlling financial interest in a variable interest entity. Under Statement 167, an enterprise that has both of the following characteristics is the primary beneficiary of the variable interest entity: • The power to direct the activities of a variable interest entity that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance • The obligation to absorb losses of the entity that could potentially be significant to the variable interest entity or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the variable interest entity In addition to the new consolidation model described above, Statement 167 also amends: • Certain guidance for determining whether an entity is a variable interest entity • Guidance on when a service or management contract is a variable interest • When an enterprise is required to assess whether the enterprise is the primary beneficiary of the variable interest entity (requires ongoing reassessment) • When the related party guidance...
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...Political sponsoring of NGOs Does the end justify the means? Political parties sponsoring NGO’s, is it acceptable? Greenpeace and green political parties are united in their position against nuclear energy and their support for renewable energies. Christian charity organizations and conservative political parties both stand for traditional family values and against family planning. But does this mean they should work together? Often political parties sponsor NGOs, but is this sponsoring even acceptable? There are several arguments which we would like to consider. The credibility of NGOs as independent organizations and their ability to pursue their social interests are harmed by political sponsoring. The credibility of NGOs decreases, because more often than not, the interests of political parties are more important than the original agenda of the NGOs, due to (financial) sponsoring. The reason for political parties to engage with NGOs in the form of political sponsoring is to increase attention for the statements on the political agenda. NGOs often have more resources and are less restrained to all sorts of rules and laws to protest in rigorous actions. However, this money can only be invested when the NGO compromises its own agenda with the agenda of the political party, which means that they might have to compromise on their own values, missions and visions. Hence the question rises; how can an NGO be called non-governmental when there is a political influence? A...
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...Constitution offers all the Indian citizens, individually and collectively, these basic freedoms and rights. They are guaranteed in the Constitution in the form of six broad categories of Fundamental Rights and are justifiable. It means that each and every Indian citizen has the right to Constitutional remedies for the enforcement of these rights. There is a free, independent and separate judiciary to see that these rights are not violated and tampered with. All are equal before law, right from the Prime Minister to a peon. This is the very spirit and essence of our democracy. An independent, strong and incorruptible judiciary is one of the main pillars of democracy. According to Henry S, Rowen, China is “a Leninist state in which the Communist Party has combined economic liberalizing with tight political control. But economic liberalizing is having profound social consequences” (Rowen 36). Without freedom of speech, expression of faith, profession, and association, etc. democracy is meaningless. Similarly, the right to own property is one of the fundamental rights under democracy. Works Cited Cincotta, Howard, ed. “What is Democracy? Defining...
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...country, that without these lower members of society, a country would fall apart. Marx wanted to show the world this so he laid out a plan for Communism, with ten essential points. Karl Heinrich Marx was born on May 5, 1818, in Trier in western German, the son of a successful Jewish lawyer. Marx studied law in Bonn and Berlin, but was also introduced to the ideas of Hegel and Feuerbach. In 1841, he received a doctorate in philosophy from the University of Jena. In 1843, after a short spell as editor of a liberal newspaper in Cologne, Marx and his wife Jenny moved to Paris, a hotbed of radical thought. There he became a revolutionary communist and befriended his lifelong collaborator, Friedrich Engels. Expelled from France, Marx spent two years in Brussels, where his partnership with Engels intensified. They co-authored the pamphlet 'The Communist Manifesto' which was published in 1848 and asserted that all human history had been based on class struggles, but that these would ultimately disappear with the victory of the proletariat. In 1849,...
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...The Elephant and the Dragon is an amazing book about globalization and the rise of the international market specifically in China and India. The book digs deep into the history of China and India to unravel the phenomal growth which has been taking place within the last decade. In fact these two countries were once extremely sheltered and self-imposed however understood and realized the opportunity for major growth would take its country to new heights. The Chinese were essentially influenced and inspired by Singapore to accept capitalism. Although communist, their leaders prized political stability, and they were willing to reverse the very essence of their party doctrine to accept and achieve capitalism. The communist party made it clear however, that they would allow economic freedom but not political freedom. They took very great measures to stay in control, some may even say too harsh. Furthermore, China was after more than just jobs, they were after modernization itself. The Chinese government made it very attractive for Americans and other firms to build factories, hire Chinese workers, and bring in the modern world’s expertise into China. However with all the talk about modernization, China’s government still placed the perceived needs of the state well ahead of individual liberties. In contract, following its independence from Britain, India had spent decades in economic exile. It took them much longer to modernize and accept some forms of capitalism. In fact...
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...LUCKNOW: The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (Assocham) has prepared a 15-point economic agenda for political parties to include in their poll manifesto for 2012 assembly elections. National secretary general, Assocham, D S Rawat said, "Food processing, automobiles, textiles, leather, cement, healthcare, pharmaceuticals, information technology, real estate and tourism are significant areas which can transform the state economy." He said that Assocham representatives would be meeting leaders of all political parties soon and request to include economic issues in their manifesto for achieving double digit growth during the next decade in UP. The report prepared by Assocham states that the promotion of public-private partnership in agriculture, industry and service sectors is of prime importance to create new jobs and promote economic activity in the state. Besides, cluster development approach can help spur employment in micro, small and medium enterprises. The report also states that embroidery, rice mills, powerloom, leather, glass, carpet, Banarsi sari, screen printing, food processing, readymade garments, jute, yarn/rope and zari can be developed on the cluster development model. Summary Over the past several years, party financing scandals have shaken countries in every region of the world. This has led to increased contempt for and public disillusionment with parties and politicians, and undermined the public confidence in the political process....
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...he idea of a socialistic pattern of society has remained a dream only. Real democracy will come into being only when the masses are awakened and take part in the economic and political life of the country. India today is a rich man's democracy. Our democracy is a democracy of the rich, for the rich and by the rich. Election today are a farce. Our national leaders introduced adult franchise with one stroke of pen when 85% of our people were illiterate. It was a fool proof experiment to start with. Universal education should precede adult franchise. Election is always a costly affair and the lure of money works wonders specially among illiterate ones. The absence of an organized opposition the party in power resorts to dishonest means. No single party in India can claim to be really democratic. Violence has taken a serious turn in our country. Bunds, gheraos, strikes, misuse of parliamentary privileges do not augur well for democracy. Defection from one party to the other on selfish and flimsy grounds has added to the instability of the government in our country. It is bad on both moral and political ground. There is no sphere of national life which can be described to be free from corruption. At the political level everyone—ministers, legislators, party officials suffer from it. Our democracy has miserably failed on different front—food, home, foreign etc. The result is that it is dubbed as monocracy or democracy. The masses are illiterate. They abuse their votes. They...
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...Green Party Political parties are something I am not too familiar with. Aside from the most popular parties; the republican and democratic parties, I did not know there were other parties. Ignorant I know, but politics was something that I did not really understand. Through this assignment I was able to get to know a few other parties, Constitution, Green, and Libertarian parties. I decided to further investigate the Green party. The Green party is based on principals that are environmentally conscience. According to the Green Party of the United States (gp.org), there are ten key values that they abide by: grassroots democracy social justice and equal opportunity ecological wisdom, non-violence decentralization community-based economic justice feminism and gender equity respect for diversity personal and global responsibility future focus and sustainability The Green Party stands for the rights that every individual has and welcomes public participation in the government as a means of holding the government accountable. This form of government operates on the belief that everyone is equal and entitled to nondiscriminatory treatment and equality under the law. Greens believe in taking an ecological approach and it is imperative protect the environment. The Green Party way is to implement agricultural practices that will provide sustainability and protection for our resources. The Green Party does not support the use of violence. In not responding in violent...
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... | Calgary-style Ginger Beef | | Oka cheese | | Montreal smoked meat sandwich | | Fish and brewis: salted cod and hard tack | | Canadian peameal bacon | | Poutine is made with french fries, curds and gravy. | | Rappie pie: grated potatoes and meat casserole. | | Oreilles de crisse: Deep fried pork skin and fat | | Bacon from the Yukon | | Clothes in Canada This will depend with the weather whereby if it is in winter you will wear heavy clothes because it is very cold and if it is in summer you can wear light clothes. For winter For Summer List of parties in Canada 1. Political parties in pre- Confederation Canada 2. Canadian politicians by party 3. Communist parties in Canada 4. Conservative parties in Canada 5. Defunct political parties in Canada 6. Federal political parties in Canada 7. Green political parties in Canada 8. Liberal parties in Canada 9. Lists of political parties in Canada 10. Political party factions in Canada 11. Provincial and territorial political parties in Canada 12. Social democratic parties in Canada Socialist parties in Canada 13. Trotskyist...
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...General Vladimira.dvorakova@vse.cz Petr.vymetal@vse.cz Midterm november 8th Multiple choices Short answers, brief definitions Open questions Short essay questions Final test before Christmas December 20th Final: 302 SB 20.12.2011 Power point presentation Seminar starting next week (every other week) 10:55 Treason – Verrat Day 1 Ethnical and religious cleavages in central and eastern Europe Does Europe exist? Where should be the borders? Russia and Turkey had a big influence on Europe as well. They dispatched parts of Europe for a long time. Of course the path dependency is present in these regions. The process of European integration started later there. European identity is difficult to describe. Distinction between east and west means post-communism (eastern). Central Europe: Czechs feel like being central Europeans (since they don’t want to be part of eastern Europe.) → idea of central Europe is based on Austrian-Hungarian-Empire + parts of Germany eg Bavaria. The link is also the way of making decisions, working, doing things, tradition, waking up early (Franz Josef) → many similarities. Lot of conflicts in Europe are still connected to events that happened hundreds of years ago. Poland (republic) Linguistic Group: Western Slavic Religion: Catholic (important part of national identity) Ethnical Minorities: German, Ukraine, Belorussian (small and not important) Often divided (Russia, Germany, Austria-Hungary) Is called state of wheels...
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...8th, 2012 Political and economic development in the Central and Eastern Europe after 1989 The transformations of the former socialist countries in Central and Eastern Europe after 1989 have involved a major change in the political system, from a dictatorial Communist Party rule to democracy. The surge of communist regime collapses after 1989 was quite unexpected from the point of view of outside viewers who failed to foresee such dramatic changes. Theoretically, I believe that the dominant issue of democratic consolidation in post-communist Europe is not lack of modernization or industrialization as it may have been the case for other historical transitions to capitalism. Instead, the changes in Central and Eastern Europe revolve around the establishment and legitimization of institutions that will support a new social order in Central and Eastern Europe based on a democratic political system. In general, the classic reform backlash did not materialize in the former communist countries of Central Europe. Though constituents in the countries such as the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia, or Poland may have rejected radical reforms in early post-communist elections, the reform programs in these countries continued and, in some cases, even strengthened. Political trends in the Central-European economies were not generally characterized by the typical short-term losers of economic transition. We have rarely seen workers on strike, angry former...
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...in the judgment appealed from, but they have withdrawn their appeal. In Criminal Case No. 15479 (G.R. No. L-6026) the charge is for rebellion with murders, arsons and kidnappings. The accused are Bayani Espiritu Teopista Valerio and Andres Balsa, Jr.; they all appealed but Andres Balsa, Jr. withdrew his appeal. A joint trial of both cases was held, after which the court rendered the decision subject of the present appeals. Issue: Whether or not the defendants-appelants are liable for the crime of conspiracy and proposal to commit rebellion or insurrection under Art. 136 of the RPC? Held: The court found defendants-appellants Hernandez, member of the Communist Party of the Philippines, President of the Congress of Labor Organizations (CLO), had close connections with the Secretariat of the Communist Party and held continuous communications with its leaders and its members, and others, guilty as principal of the crime charged against him and sentenced him to suffer the penalty of reclusion perpetua with the accessories provided by law, and to pay the...
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...Ethnical and religious cleavages in central and eastern Europe Does Europe exist? Where should be the borders? Russia and Turkey had a big influence on Europe as well. They dispatched parts of Europe for a long time. Of course the path dependency is present in these regions. The process of European integration started later there. European identity is difficult to describe. Distinction between east and west means post-communism (eastern). Central Europe: Czechs feel like being central Europeans (since they don’t want to be part of eastern Europe.) idea of central Europe is based on Austrian-Hungarian-Empire + parts of Germany eg Bavaria. The link is also the way of making decisions, working, doing things, tradition, waking up early (Franz Josef) many similarities. Lot of conflicts in Europe are still connected to events that happened hundreds of years ago. Poland (republic) Linguistic Group: Western Slavic Religion: Catholic (important part of national identity) Ethnical Minorities: German, Ukraine, Belorussian (small and not important) Often divided (Russia, Germany, Austria-Hungary) Is called state of wheels always moving We are Poles because we are not Russian, not German religion became very important for their identification. Day 2 Post-Yugoslavia states Tito managed to unify Yugoslavia after WWII and to keep it independent from Russia. self-managed socialism (market orientation). More contact to the west. Authoritarian system but not as closed as...
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...Political Systems Democracy relates to a political system that equates to one person holding one single vote in the decision-making process. As a political system, its proponents deem it as a fair and just way as the whims of the majority are preferred over the desires of the few. It becomes necessary to comprehend how democracy works to be able to effectively understand the principles and assumptions behind it. Majority of the countries in the world relate to a democratic system with differing variations depending on the resident country’s constitution. However the basic premise is that people in a country vote for their preferred candidate and the one with the most votes becomes the leader of the particular country. It is the same when applied to simpler elections such as class president or the chairman of a group. There are certain assumptions that are made with regards to the democratic system and it is important to view them in depth. This is so as to be able to come up with a concrete understanding of the way in which democracy works. For instance the main belief is that the majority know best. It is the foundation in that if most of the people are happy then that is the best route to take. It does not necessarily mean that the majority will actually elect the best candidate. In most cases it is usually based on the candidate they feel most comfortable or in extreme cases where they may have no preference, the one they dislike least. In such scenarios it certainly seems...
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