...Beeler 8/27/14 Community corrections watch over people who work for the criminal justice system but who are not in prison or jail. Our poor economy has affected our society in ways the prison system has not been spared from what is a system wide budget cuts and closings (Vera2013). In the last 30 years that community corrections have become a substantial part of the correctional system. In recent years, the push for alternatives to incarceration has, in large part, been in response to rapidly increasing prison populations in Canada and the United States (M.R 2012). Legislators in Canada and the United States have passed legislation in recent years aimed at reducing or stabilizing prison populations (J.H 2012). Several issues with the community corrections are low savings, prison overcrowding and biasness. Most community correctional programs emphasize that the use of community alternatives is not as costly as traditional incarceration, while adversaries argue that community programs end up costing more than traditional incarceration. There’s not enough teamwork among corrections departments, and administrators have become more isolated in tight times because they fear sharing resources. One of the biggest issues facing community corrections is all corrections departments partner up and share a little bit; they would make better decisions as a group. Federal prisons, state prisons and local community corrections departments need to foster partnerships...
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...Discussing the arguments for and against the increased use of community corrections in the criminal justice system is a very broad a difficult topic to cover fully. It is best to start by examining what community corrections actually is. The National Institute of Justice defines it as programs that oversee offenders outside of jail or prison, and are administered by agencies or courts with the legal authority to enforce sanctions. It includes probation – correctional supervision within the community rather than jail or prison – and parole – a period of conditional, supervised release from prison. However, other types of community corrections, like electric monitoring programs, day report programs, and halfway houses are also coming into effect. These other programs can be a part of probation or even stand alone programs. Probation is one of the largest community corrections, it is a court-ordered period of conditional supervision in the community. In some cases, probation can be a combined sentence of incarceration followed by a period of community supervision. People who violate probation are usually sent to prison (they go through another court date, and the judge decides whether they have to go to prison or a more serious community corrections program). Once set to prison, the person is now an inmate; however, if the inmate is behaving well in prison, they can go before a parole board and be released from prison to serve the remainder of their time on parole. Parole...
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...Community corrections serve not only as a tool for punishing offenders to pay for their crimes; it also serves as a means for rehabilitation for offenders and preparing them to be successful in society. A community correction is the supervision of criminal offenders that reside in society instead of a criminal institution. Two main types of community corrections are probation and parole. Probation and parole may be the most common types of community correction but they are not the only ones; there is also house arrest, work release, community residential centers, nonprofit organizations, prerelease guidance centers, and partial incarceration; all of these programs play an important part in the Criminal Justice field in the United States. Parole is a program set up for inmates who are being released from prison. Inmates have to serve a mandatory part of their sentence before they are eligible for parole; once they are eligible then they go before the parole board where it is determined if they have met the qualifications. “Parolees can have a number of different supervision statuses including active supervision, which means they are required to regularly report to a parole authority in person, by mail, or by telephone. Some parolees may be on an inactive status which means they are excluded from regularly reporting, and that could be due to a number of reasons.” Failure to follow the stipulations of parole may result in the individual going back to prison. Probation is when...
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...Community Corrections has been a big part of the criminal justice system. It is used as an alternative to imprisonment. The United States costs have risen in the last twenty years, these costs have come from building more jails and prisons. Policy makers needed to come up with a solution that could help cut these costs, and also stop overcrowding in prisons. Many states are on community- based corrections now. So the question is how can evidence-based practices in community corrections effectively manage offenders without compromising safety? To be able to meet this challenge it requires correction leaders to the use the most effective resources and focus on giving services that prove to reduce offender recidivism. Some examples of community corrections are parole and probation. Both systems watch convicted offenders and sometimes use the same sanctions and rehabilitation programs, but work differently. For instance, offenders on probation serve their sentencing in the community instead of being incarcerated. On the other hand, an offender on parole served time in prison but was granted to be let out in the community; due to maybe good behavior or time served expired. As policy makers now focus to have community- based corrections, probation agencies are stepping up to the plate as a leader. Probation higher ups are having the challenge to help lower these pressures by handling the growing number of offenders within the community. Instead of sending these offenders to prison...
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...Rehabilitation Nicole Grant CCJS/230 – Introduction to Corrections Instructor – David Foltzer August 25, 2013 The definition of rehabilitation as it would apply to a prisoner is “the process of restoring an individual to a useful and constructive place in society especially through some form of vocational, correctional, or therapeutic retraining”. When we speak of prisoner rehabilitation we are seeking to teach prisoners how to function as productive, law abiding citizen within society. The purpose is to provide them with educational, vocational and therapeutic services that will give them an alternative way to live that will hopefully deter them from the criminal lifestyle in the future. The origins of prisoner rehabilitation can be found at Zebulon Brockway’s Elmira Reformatory in Elmira, NY which opened in 1876. It is there that classification of inmates, industrial training, individualized treatment, parole, indeterminate sentencing and other proposed reforms where packaged into a new approach to address criminal behavior. Although the rehabilitation era didn’t happen until the mid 1950’s – mid 1970’s there was no clear cut mission as to what rehabilitation was supposed to be and what was supposed to be gained from it. Rehabilitation makes prisons a more humane and productive environment. Inmates are occupied with bettering themselves educationally, vocationally and therapeutically. There is not as much violence or criminal behavior in prison because it is cause...
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...What are community corrections and how do they affect you? For some they do not affect them in any way, but for others they are a life line to a new way of life. Since people in society and around the world are struggling with the way the economy is, when asked to support community correction programs they shrug their shoulders and move on about their day. Does anyone from society that is not a part of the correctional system really know what goes into the corrections of an offender or an inmate? One thing is intermediate sanctions, which are rules and regulations that are imposed on the offenders and inmates through the community correction programs. These programs allow offenders to stay out of jail and prison and for inmates that are preparing to be released to stay in a community – based residential facility, commonly known as a halfway house (Foster, 2006. p. 481). These halfway houses provide the offenders a place that is safe, that is structured, gives the employment counseling, job placement, and some financial management assistance. Other places like reentry centers also known as RRC help soon to be released inmates with the same issues. According to the Federal Bureau of Prisons, the RRC helps inmates to gradually rebuild their ties to the community and facilitate supervising ex-offenders’ activities during this readjustment phase (para). How does society then, not only protect themselves but what they have worked for as free citizens? Many citizens in the past...
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...All prisons in the United States are overcrowded and understaffed. There is little emphasizes placed on rehabilitation. The jail and prison increase happen to be storage sitting room for criminals. Many who are repeat offenders or drug addicts? The way the criminals are let out of jail and allowed back into the general public can lead to many of them habitual to a life of crime and therefore, becoming an individual of the many repeat offenders. In many cases the offender is released without any directions. One of the main reasons that prisons have become overcrowded is that crime control strategies and legislative changes have fought and won to have longer sentences. These approaches have incarcerated people for longer periods of time with almost no chance or possibility for early release. The exact cost is not associated with the overcrowding; we can look at present costs incurred in prison and anticipate their increase as the system takes on more and additional inmates. When looking at the cost of overcrowding, we not only have to look at the cost to taxpayers per inmate but also construction cost needed to build the new prisons to relieve the overcrowding. The operating cost for a prison over its life span cost about fifteen to twenty times the original construction cost. Overcrowding causes serious deprivation in the quality of life for everyone in a correctional institution. Overcrowding also causes litigation's that force the federal and state prisons to build new...
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...Justice Handling the Dilemma over Community vs Institutional Corrections It is the first day of break and Jimmy wants to have a good time with his friends. Long story short, Jimmy decided to drive home drunk and crashed into another car. The driver of the other car passed away.What kind of punishment should Jimmy receive? It seems fair for him to spend time in prison. Should he see probation after the jail time? How much? This scenario helps introduce the dilemma we have today as a society about institutional vs. community corrections. Punishment for crime has always been an issue for debate. With the growth of the American colonies, the colonists needed a system of punishment for lawbreakers. Many methods developed in Europe meant to bring shame to those offenders were adopted. Around this time, the world saw a change in punishment ideology; some began to stress that humans are not perfect and make mistakes. Thus, there should be more reform as well as punish. In 1682, William Penn made a push for change. He limited the death penalty to cases of murder only and called for fines and imprisonment for most offenses. This is widely considered the beginnings of the prison system in the U.S. He also helped start the creation of jails, like the High Street Jail. The first federal prisons were established in 1891. Before this date, prisons were organized by states and territories. The establishment of parole and probation, or community corrections, began in the 1870s. There...
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...Sanctions and Community Corrections Intermediate sanctions are sentences, a criminal sentence in between being incarcerated and or on probation. Dual purposes are it helps reduce overcrowding and it lessens the burden off the prison system, it helps to reduce a relapse of committing the same crime by finding the behaviors of the defendants; the reasoning behind committing the crime in the first place. An example is if the drug treatment programs work the individual will not be likely to commit the same crime due to they do not want drugs anymore. If the individual wants to make positive changes the support is there yet if the individual does not want these changes the individual is making it a negative impact on one’s life the outcome is not good. I believe more involvement on the positive sanctions such as reduce crime would be helpful, I know tighter restrictions require more money therefore more involvement making this a negative. Community correction's mission is to protect its citizens from harm it provides supervision to offenders placed in the custody of community corrections. It’s positive for the citizens and the offenders, safety and behavior life style changes for the better. Some negatives would be that alternatives do not increase the risk of public safety. The attitudes of the community toward the offenders in the program can be negative but not all negative, the stereotype is what causes the negatively. I think the only concern is the community or society not...
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...INSTITUTIONAL VS. COMMUNITY CORRECTIONS PAPER Tierra Alexander June 5, 2016 CJS/255 Mitch Jessip In today’s world we never understand how the what it is as a prisoner to know the difference between institutional and community corrections. This being whether they are on probation, parole, or reentry of an institution. So with this being said I will let you know about this by comparing and contrasting the difference in the two corrections. In most of this it’s based off the objective of institutional and community. I wondered do we know how many prisoners and offenders are actually on probation. Do you understand the different sources as well as what would be the best rehabilitation out of both? In knowing this will help you to understand how the correction system work. There are several different entities that goes along with the criminal justice system. This has often been overlooked by parts of the justice system which is corrections. This being many ethical dilemmas that can present themselves, by both which is institutional and community corrections settings. Let’s look at the difference of the two corrections. In being institutional you would see things like a prison guard being approached by an inmate whom was put on mail restriction which means the inmate cannot receive any type of mail service. This some things guards go through on a day to day bases. In institutions such as this you have inmates who are serving a long sentence so they end up in getting in...
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...Community Corrections Community corrections are the programs which manage offenders outside of jail or prison. Community corrections include probation and parole. Probation is a correctional supervision within the community rather than jail or prison. Parole is a period of conditional, supervised release from prison. There are some offenders who do not present any threat to society, and to incarcerate them in a dangerous correctional system, which could cause harm or damage to the person, and possibly lock them into a life of crime. Community corrections would be less costly, and more effective to let them remain in the community under the supervision of a trained court officer. The offender can receive treatment that might help to turn their life around. There are a variety of community sentencing alternatives today that are cost-effective. There is the house arrest concept that requires convicted offenders to spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her home. The sentencing authorities must be assured that the arrestees are actually at home during their assigned times, so random calls and visits are a way for officers to check on the compliance of the house arrest orders. The electronic monitoring device is used to manage an offender in most home confinement orders today. The most secure intermediate sanction is a sentence to a residential community corrections facility; located in the community that houses probationers. Most often, residents are allowed to...
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...Dominque Garland Community Corrections Paper CJS/230 Introduction to Corrections September, 2014 In this paper, the information will be used to determine what community corrections are, how community corrections affect society. After this, a description of the foreign country prison system will be evaluated. This is important for the criminal justice process because the system of prisons was based on the English ideas for punishing prisoners. It is extremely important that people understand the history of corrections as a whole in order to grasp the concept of the jail and prison system. This paper will conclude with an outline of what I might do if I were in charge of recommending a correction plan for my community. I think it is important, also, to realize that if it were not for the new prison systems, then we, as a nation, would not have grown as much as we have and the nation in its entirety, would essentially fail. Corrections is a wonderful system that only helps the world, in most cases. “Community corrections are sanctions imposed on convicted adults or adjudicated juveniles that occur in a residential or community setting outside of jail or prison (NIJ, 2014).” Community corrections is a community based program setup for nonviolent offenders. These programs are not the same as probation. However, those who receive this sentencing may also serve time on probation. Community correction and probation have the same concepts, which is a court ordered suspension...
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...Community Corrections CJS/230 July 24th, 2011 Community Corrections In this paper, we will be discussing how community corrections affect society. In addition, we will examine my hypothesis about community corrections and their overall effectiveness in the correctional system. Furthermore, we will describe prison systems in foreign countries, as well as how other nations view and practice imprisonment. Moreover, we will discuss what might happen with the United States prison systems if we adopted another country’s prison system. Finally, I will give my thoughts and recommendations on the type of community corrections to implement in my community. What are community corrections? A community correction (most commonly known as probation or parole) is the means of supervising felons and misdemeanants outside of correctional confinement. There is a common misconception among the American people that when a person commits a crime, then he or she will be removed from society and placed in a correctional institution. (Foster, Burk 2006). Community corrections can be very beneficial to the individuals who are placed on probation in a sense that it gives them a second chance to redeem their wrongs in society. Community corrections vary from city to city and state to state, and were originally decentralized under the control of local courts. (Foster, Burk 2006). Currently, community based alternatives to prison are either state run programs, or county run programs subsidized...
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...Community Corrections Paper Kimberly Williams CJS/230 06/18/2014 University Of Phoenix Community Corrections Paper Community Corrections also known as probation or parole is the means of supervising felons and misdemeanants outside of a correctional facility. There is a common misconception among the American people that when a person commits a crime, then he or she will be removed from their community or society and put into a correctional facility. Foster Burke (2006). Community corrections can be very beneficial to the individuals who are placed on probation in a sense that it gives the offenders a second chance to redeem what they have done wrong in their communities. Community corrections vary from city to city and state to state. According to the textbook” community corrections were originally decentralized under the control of the local courts”. (Foster, Burke 2006). Currently community based alternatives to prison are either state run programs, or county run programs subsidized by the state. Community corrections affect society in a number of ways. There are many positive and negative effects to community corrections. An example of a positive affect is that probation cuts down on the cost of running the state prisons and county jails. In return it would save the tax payers hundreds of thousands of dollars because the tax payers would not have to pay to feed and house the individuals if they were sentenced to prison or jail. My hypothesis about community corrections...
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...Correctional systems Essay topics * Winston Church once said: “We shape buildings, and then the buildings shape us.” Compare the architecture and management styles engendered by Jeremy Bentham and the Panopticon and modern campus style prisons * Should the same “Duty of Care” obligations for a Prison Officer be imposed on a Community Corrections Officer managing an offender in the community? Defend your answer. * Is there a case for the re-introduction of Capital Punishment? Defend your answer. * Should Prison Officers have greater disciplinary powers to control prisoner Behaviour? Defend your answer * Should prisoner classification be based on categories of crime, or is placement by individual case merit more effective? Defend your stance by argument and example. * Is there a case for privately run prisons, or should the government re-claim those prisons currently in private hands. Analyze and defend your position. * Is there a case for the number of categories of offences eligible for a home detention sentence to be increased? Analyze and defend your answer. * Should prisoners be forced to pay for their time in custody? Should there be a sliding scale of repayment? Defend your answer. Reading List Attached is a sample of materials “out there.” I encourage you to look at the range of e-books now available though Sage publications and Blackwell’s which you can access through the Library for 2012 editions Criminal...
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