...This paper intends to research the aims and objectives of a community development project, whilst examining the proponents that initially drove this project, highlighting both the positives and negatives. It will identify if Social Change has impinged on the policies, procedures and framework of this project and will endeavour to explore if the project meets the current needs of the local community. “Community development work supports people to work collectively for social change which will improve the quality of their lives and the communities in which they live.” Framework Information Hand-out (1999). Family Resource Centres were established by The Family Support Agency in 2003, under the auspices of The Department of Children and Youth Affairs as Community Development projects, to address the needs of marginalised individuals residing in disadvantaged areas. Like most community development projects, Rosemount Family Resource Centre was established as a direct result of a community coming together to address issues such as poor housing in three Dun Laoghaire Rathdown Local Authority blocks of flats. In general residents accepted occupancy of these flats on the understanding that it would be short term, but found out to their detriment that it was far from a stopgap. For many of the residents it took over ten years to be rehoused, some took as long as sixteen years. This complex was situated in the heart of Dundrum in what was seen to be an affluent area, yet the housing...
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...What is locality development? As we stated in the first section of this chapter, community or locality development is community building through improving the process by which things get done. This can be an end in itself, but it can also be seen as the beginning of a larger process. While locality development can be defined as improving process, it, like all community organizing, must be focused on action and results. You can't get people involved in a process, or in creating a process, unless there's some goal at the end, whether that's persuading the city to install a new traffic light or ending poverty. That's why, when we discuss how to engage in and use locality development, we include choosing issues that speak to felt community needs. Only by focusing on taking action to achieve outcomes that address those issues are you likely to get citizens involved. Section 1 identifies four types of community organizing: * Locality development creates an infrastructure for community activism and action. * Social planning and policy change uses the political and other systems to create policies that work toward improving the quality of life for all citizens. * Social action and systems advocacy engage citizens in understanding and building power, and using it to advocate and negotiate for the interests of the community. * Coalition building constructs community-wide groups of organizations and individuals, either to work on specific issues or to address more general...
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...ASSIGNMENT 1 UNIT 17: COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT WORK ASSIGNMENT TITLE: COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT – THEORY AND PRACTICE CATHERINE CARLIN Introduction: In this assignment I am going to explore the core theme of Community Development. In doing so, I will come to understand various theories and concepts, relevant legislation and policy, underpinning values, principles and ethics, and practice application with all regards to community development. In the first section of the assignment I will analyse the differences between Community, Community Work and Community Development and explain how Northern Ireland has become a more diverse community. Following this section I will analyse how worker/agency would go about analysing the strengths, available support systems and potential problems within a community. I will then analyse what the essential information, abilities, that would be required of a worker/community in setting up a community development project. Following this I will then go on to analyse the contribution of a community development agency/ worker who might play a role in empowering the community to identify their own needs. Finishing off this section I will review the key processes involved in initiating and sustaining community development work. In the final section of the assignment I will introduce my own chosen community development project which is currently situated in my home town. I will analyse the potential short and long term effects of my chosen project...
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...Describe The Main Development Stages of Community Groups. In relation to the main development stages of community groups, we looked at the ‘Forming-Storming-Norming-Performing-Adjourning’ model devised by Bruce Tuckman, in 1965 (‘Adjourning Stage’ was added in 1977). “Tuckman maintained that these phases are necessary and inevitable for the team to grow, to face up to challenges, to tackle problems, to find solutions, to plan work, and to deliver results”. Forming (Formation Stage) – In which the group is just coming together, often characterised by uncertainty. At this stage, individuals are gathering information and impressions – about each other, and about the scope of the task and how to approach it. There is great reliance on the leader (Community Development Practitioner) for guidance and direction. Storming (Dissatisfaction Stage) – In which differences between members surface and minor confrontations take place. Cliques and factions form and there may be power struggles – an uncomfortable stage! A challenging phase for the Community Development Worker who must help the group focus on its goals and resolve conflict and any trust issues effectively – compromise may be required to enable progress. Norming (Resolution Stage) – In which the tasks of the group are clear and agreed – all members feel part of a team, take responsibility and have ambition to help achieve perceived goals. There is better understanding between group members and mutual respect for one another’s...
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...LITERATURE REVIEW EXPLORING COMMUNITY BASED ARTS DEVELOPMENT: AS A TOOL FOR COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT. This thesis explores how community based arts as a tool for community development. Exploring how and for what purpose community based arts organisations can create social capital and to provide insight on how the arts sector can be a leader in the transformation of Cork county communities and regions around Ireland and the globe. The perspectives of artists, community development practitioners sponsors and beneficiaries of the arts provided insight on how and in what ways the arts can evoke change by building connections and inspiring participation. Abstract The Lords mayor’s message: ‘’The Arts & Cultural Strategy for Cork City Council 2011 – 2015 is a statement of intent. It outlines our policies and strategies as we develop the services and facilities available to all of our citizens’’(Lord Mayor Cllr. Michael O’Connell,2015 p1) The Arts play a major role as an economic engine to promote local and regional development. Research shows that the presence of creative arts in the raise the quality of community life and there is a growing evidence that communities with high quality of life will prosper in the global economy. Arts development can also be important in renovating aging neighbourhood. Providing tenants for vacant store fronts and promote tourism. City of Cork and their alliance and the Arts alliance...
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...debate about community development. It is evident that existing literature highlight the complex nature of the concept of ‘community development work’. It is also true to say that there are constant changes in the political setting, and the disparity between theory and practice for community development work. To begin, this essay will attempt to define the key concepts of ‘community’ and ‘community development’ in order to understand the process. It will then explore the role of community development programs in aiding local communities to exercise control over the issues that affect their lives, in this case, the refugee women community in UK. Finally, it will also discuss about the role of critical practice in tackling the issues of social justice, such as social exclusion, poverty and inequalities. Community development is a very complex field and before attempting to define it, it is imperative to explain the meaning of ‘community’, which is in itself a contested term (Shaw, 2007). Different perspectives have been presented to define the term, for example Smith (2001) argues that ‘…some [definitions] focused on geographical area; some on a group of people living in a particular place and others which looked to community as an area of common life’. Again, according to Stacey, ninety four definitions of ‘community’ were given (Stacey, 1969 cited in Craig et al., 2008, p.14). Consequently, it becomes problematic to give a precise meaning of ‘community development work’. The...
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...RURAL DEVELOPMENT CHUPICAL SHOLLAH MANUEL The term ‘community participation’ has recently come to play a central role in the discourse of rural development practitioners and policy makers. At the same time, people’s interpretations of the term and criticisms of other people’s interpretations have multiplied, and the intentions and results of much participation in practice have been questioned or even denounced (Booth, 2005) and Cornwall, 2004). Community participation as a methodology has become a “buzzword” and at its base has become a cornerstone for every developmental project in developing countries. According to Fung (2002), participation is the active involvement of the community, particularly the disadvantaged groups such as women, children, elderly, disabled and the poorest of the poor, in the decision making, planning, implementation, and evaluation of their own development activities The concept of community participation however, has remained a contested terrain. This paper considers participation in development programmes and assesses its relevance both in theory and practice. A definition of development and community participation will give a clear insight of the applicability of the methodology. The essay also stresses the strengths and weaknesses of the approach with the aid of case studies from developing nations. The concept of community participation in development became the common currency of exchange in development discourse in the 1970s and since...
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...title: COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND THE BASIC NEEDSAPPROACH Semester: 1 Due date: 8 march 2016 Unique number: 813886 | TITLE: Outline the purpose of community development according to the following approaches; (a) Critical theory (b) Functionalism (c) Symbolic interactionism TABLE OF CONTENT 1. INTRODUCTION 2. CRITICAL THEORY APPROACH 3. FUNCTIONALISM APPROACH 4. SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM APPROACH 5. CONCLUSION SOURCES CONSULTED INTRODUCTION Community development has a wealth of definitions depending on context and history. A familiar and often cited definition of community development is that of United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (1956) in which it state that in community development the effort of the people are united with those of government authorities to improve the economic, social and cultural conditions of communities and integrate these communities into the life of the nations to enable them to contribute fully to national progress (Maistry 2001). According to Maistry (2001) the objective of community development is to build healthy functioning communities. This is achieved through interventions for community well-being and driven by the community themselves and to the extent that is required, external support through the provision of resources and services in ways that sense the holistic developmental needs of a community. For the purpose of the essay will outline the purpose of community development...
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...Community Development Vol. 41, No. 3, July–September 2010, 298–322 Incorporating social justice in tourism planning: racial reconciliation and sustainable community development in the Deep South Alan W. Bartona* and Sarah J. Leonardb a b Downloaded By: [University at Buffalo, the State University of New York (SUNY)] At: 06:29 3 November 2010 Social Sciences, Delta State University, DSU Box 3264, Cleveland MS 38733, USA; The College Board, Chicago, USA Tourism can serve as a vehicle for sustainable community development by contributing to equity and social justice. This happens as tourists learn about marginal groups through educational tourism, engage in development projects with host-area residents, undertake pilgrimages that bring greater meaning and cohesiveness to an ethnic identity, or encounter stories that transform their view of social injustice and spur further action to reduce inequities. Tourism planning can produce a sense of reconciliation when it brings historically divided groups together. An example is found in Tallahatchie County, Mississippi, where a group of white and African American residents are collaborating to develop tourism projects designed around a narrative of reconciliation, while they use the process of tourism planning to work towards racial reconciliation within their community. This case illustrates strategies tourism planners employ and challenges they face when they envision tourism as more than merely a means of economic growth...
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...THE ROLE OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN ALLEVIATING POVERTY. Alleviation of poverty has been a priority in many developing nations. Poverty normally develops from many different factors, some of the basic causes include; lack of access to clean water and sanitation, lack of facilities for adequate healthcare, lack of access to educational opportunities, inadequate nutrition, lack of adequately paid employment, inadequate or expensive transport facilities and limited or expensive power supplies. Urban poverty is different from rural poverty; poverty in rural areas tends to be more widespread than in the urban areas. This is due to factors such as the inadequate employment opportunities in the rural areas, access to a range of key facilities is much reduced, and many households are headed by women often due to abandonment of families by the males and sanitation and water supply deficiencies are more intense leading to ill health. A close to 1.2 billion people i.e. a fifth of the world’s population lives in conditions of abject poverty. Almost 800 million people in the developing world are chronically hungry and this is why poverty reduction strategies have been adopted all over the world. From the early 1990s, different targets and goals have been agreed upon for the reduction of poverty in its various forms and dimensions. These targets have been adopted in the millennium goal one which aims to eradicate poverty and hunger. Governments have prioritized this millennium goal through...
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...JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY ARUSHA CAMPUS | DIPLOMA IN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT – Y1S1 | INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY | | GRACE RUHINDA HD122-CO11-0247/2013 | 5/28/2014 | ASSIGNMENT 1: Discuss the Contributions of Max Weber as a Founding Father of Sociology | Max Weber born as Karl Emil Maxmillian Webe (1864 – 1920); a German Sociologist, philosopher and political economist with ideas that influenced; social theory, social research and entire discipline of sociology. Weber as one of the three known founding fathers of Sociology is mostly cited with the other founding fathers; Karl Marx and Emil Durkheim in social field. Weber has been prominent in methodological antipositivism, where he argues the study of social action through interpretation of ideas. In his arguments, Weber sees the urge to look at ideas, especially the meanings put onto things and the role of changes of ideas that contribute to society and social changes. His main concern was to understand the processes of rationalization, secularization and disenchantment that he associated with the rise of capitalism and modernity; which resulted to a new way of thinking about the world. He used the German word “verstehen” to discuss deeper understanding of the meanings people put to things; a word that is still used in today’s sociology to analyze the important elements of culture and society. Weber was best known for his thesis combining economic sociology and the sociology of religion as explained...
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...Wyatt Stanford Social Innovation Review Winter 2010 Copyright 2010 by Leland Stanford Jr. University All Rights Reserved Stanford Social Innovation Review 518 Memorial Way, Stanford, CA 94305-5015 Ph: 650-725-5399. Fax: 650-723-0516 Email: info@ssireview.com, www.ssireview.com In an area outside Hyderabad, India, between the suburbs and the countryside, a young woman—we’ll call her Shanti—fetches water daily from the always-open local borehole that is about 300 feet from her home. She uses a 3-gallon plastic container that she can easily carry on her head. Shanti and her husband rely on the free water for their drinking and washing, and though they’ve heard that it’s not as safe as water from the Naandi Foundation-run community treatment plant, they still use it. Shanti’s family has been drinking the local water for generations, and although it periodically makes her and her family sick, she has no plans to stop using it. Shanti has many reasons not to use the water from the Naandi treatment center, but they’re not the reasons one might think. The center is within easy walking distance of her home—roughly a third of a mile. It is also well known and affordable (roughly 10 rupees, or 20 cents, for 5 gallons). Being able to pay the small fee has even become a status symbol for some villagers. Habit isn’t a factor, either. Shanti is forgoing the safer water because of a series of flaws in the overall design of the system. Although Shanti can walk to...
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...The role local of leaders and Elites in the development of my community Table of content Introduction…………………………………………………………...….3 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND PROFILE OF MY COMMUNITY…….4 ROLES OF LOCAL LEADERS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MY COMMUNITY…………………………………………………………….5 ROLES OF THE ELITES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MY COMMUNITY…7 DEVELOPMENT AND MY COMMUNITY………………………….…….7 CONCLUSION………………………………………………...…………10 REFERENCES……………………………………………………………..11 INTRODUCTION The impact socio-economic impact small local communities make on a state and a country cannot be over emphasized. The Local leaders are individuals/indigenes of a community chosen to represent the Views, plans and aspirations of the community people. They comprise of the heads of families, youth Leaders, Heads of clans, community elders and e.t.c Depending on the peculiarity of the community. The emphasis or major characteristics of the Local leaders definition lays claim to the fact that “they should belong to the small community they represent. The Elite is the term from the Latin word “Eligene” it means to elect. (Sultana, 2009) The Elite people of a community are most times small, depending on the community they come from. They are individuals of high social status compared to other members of the community. Relating this definition to the Ugborodo community, the Local leaders are leaders that are from the five constituencies that make up the Ugborodo community. Which are Ogidigben, Madangho, Ode-Urhobo,...
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...Review of Related Literature The UNDP (2011) describes development as: “the three essentials of development include the ability to lead a long and healthy life, to acquire knowledge and to have a decent standard of life. Development can be then also measured by looking into main development points such as: * Employment * Poverty * Health * Education * Social Cohesion * Security * Governance From the points above, we could set up parameters to measure. Taking for example security, we could measure development as we look into data regarding crime rates, number of security personal and etc. . Another basis is the GNP and GDP of a country or state as net income could become a factor to measure development quantitatively (Turtle, 2011). Moreover, to form a more holistic view of development, Smith and Todaro (2012) determined the three core values in development; namely – sustenance, self-esteem and freedom. First, sustenance is a value that indicates one’s ability to meet basic needs. This needs specifically comprise of food shelter health and protection. When people lack these needs, it is suggested by Smith and Todaro that these people are underdeveloped. Second, having self-esteem is part of the core values. This is a determinant on how one may value respect, dignity and principle. These values may help an individual to be recognized in a community to bring honor in an individual. It is believed by Smith and Todaro that having self-esteem will be...
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...10 Steps to Community Development For the purposes of this course, the general community development process can be synthesized into the following basic steps. However, community development is an organic process, so that while the "steps" are presented in a logical order, in reality they may not follow sequentially and some steps may either be skipped or carried out simultaneously with other steps. Please click on the title of the step to learn more about each step. 1. Learn about the community Whether you want to be an active member of the community, an effective service provider or a community leader, you will have to be familiar with its issues, resources, needs, power structure and decision-making processes. Your initial orientation could include reading your local newspaper regularly, attending community events, reading reports and familiarizing with available services as well as community projects and activities. Close observation of the community as you interact with it will also provide significant insights into the strengths and weaknesses of the community. 2. Listen to community members You won't be able to learn everything you need to know by reading and observation. You will need to talk to others about their interests and perceptions to put it into context. You can contact community members through formal channels, such as joining a local organization, or informally by chatting with people that visit the library or that you encounter in other situations,...
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