...Community Health and PopulationFocused Nursing Task 2 Laurie Webster 000515728 January 3, 2016 Requirements: A. Analyze the selected communicable disease outbreak ( suggested length of 2–3 pages) by doing the following: Measles Measles are a highly contagious disease and the first documented case was in the 9th century. According to the History of Vaccine website measles were first discovered in the US in 1657 in Boston, Massachusetts. ( http://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/timelines/measles ). It is caused by the paramyxovirus family. This virus affects the mucous membranes then spreads to the rest of the body. Before vaccinations measles cause 2.6 million deaths. ( http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs286/en/ ) The spread of measles is highly contagious and is transmitted from one person to the next through coughing and sneezing. In 2014, there was an outbreak of measles in the US caused by travelers from the Philippines. Measles crosses the borders when one infected person travels over the border and transmits the disease. ( http://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/history.html ) Epidemiological Determinants Measles are highly contagious in the unvaccinated person and is spread through contact of nasal and throat secretions. This could be from coughing or sneezing, also through direct contact. The virus remains contagious for up to 2 hours on surfaces and in the air...
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...Application of Community Health & Population-Focused Nursing Western Governors University Introduction This paper is about an epidemic outbreak of tuberculosis in Haiti after January 2010’s 7.0-magnitude earthquake, which killed and injured about 600,000 people and left about 1.5 million displaced. This disease will be described; involved risk factors will be discussed. The following topics will also be discussed: how the outbreak could affect the community, reporting protocol if the outbreak were to occur. A plan on how to report about the outbreak to stakeholders in the community will also be discussed as well as strategies recommendation to prevent the outbreak in the community. A1. Description of disease Tuberculosis is a disease caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria usually attack the lungs, but TB bacteria can attack any part of the body such as the kidney, spine, and brain. If not treated properly, TB disease can be fatal curable and preventable. The symptoms may include bad cough that lasts 3 weeks or longer, chest pain, coughing up blood or sputum, weakness or fatigue, weight loss, no appetite, chills, fever and sweating at night (Population reference Bureau, 2010). A situation where there are more Tuberculosis cases than expected within a population during a particular period of time and there is evidence of recent cases is called a TB outbreak (CDC, 2012) * A.2 Epidemiological determinants If there is a health problem...
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...Communicable Disease Outbreak (Measles) Community Health Task 2 Western Governors University Carissa J Dugan Student ID: 000468111 August 20, 2015 Measles was discovered in the 19th century by a Persian Doctor, but was not recognized until 1957 as an infectious agent in human blood by a Scottish physician. In 1912 measles became a notifiable disease and in the first decade that records were kept there was on average 6,000 deaths per year reported from the disease. (Center For Disease Control). There is no definite origination of measles but scientists believe that it dates back to the Roman Empire about the 11th and 12th century (NCBI, 2010). The first outbreak known in America was in 1657 in Boston, Massachusetts. The disease spread quickly through the town and eventually believed to be the source of further infections nationwide. (The History Of Vaccines). A decade prior to a vaccine being developed it was estimated that all children would get the disease by the age of 15 (Center For Disease Control). It was not until 1964 a vaccine was developed to help eradicate the disease. John F. Enders and Dr. Thomas C. Peebles is credited with creating the vaccine, he was able to collect blood samples from the infected in Boston and was successful in isolating the measles virus in an infected 13 year old boy named David Edmundson. (Center For Disease Control). However it was not until 1968 that the vaccine was ready for use and distributed (Center...
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...R.M Community Health Task 2 When caring for the terminally ill patient, one must examine their feeling in order to provide care. It is important for the nurse not to judge the patient or family for decisions made, only to support and advocate for the patient and family during this time. As a critical care nurse the author has participated in the care of numerous terminally ill and palliative care patients. Unfortunately every person that lives will eventually die and it is the responsibility of the nurse to help improve the quality of life for the patient and offer support to the family during this dying process. The nurse must respect and honor the patient. To improve the quality of life for Mrs. Thomas, education on disease process and end of life events is of the utmost importance. Hospice is a specialty offers support and services to the terminally ill (“What is hospice,”). Not only does hospice provide services, but also a wealth of education for the patient and family. Along with education, symptom management and spiritual support are also offered to improve Mrs. Thomas’s quality of life. Pain control and symptom management can also improve the quality of life in this case. After adequate education is received, Mrs. Thomas may not be as reluctant to receive pain medication. As pain relief is obtained, the patient may enjoy more of time with her husband and may even return to church for social interaction thus increasing her quality of life. The third...
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...Holistic Family Care plan for Terminal Cancer Diagnosis Tonya Y. Chadi Western Governors University Holistic Family Care plan for Terminal Cancer Diagnosis A. Personal Perceptions This author’s personal perceptions concerning patients facing a lingering terminal illness, have been shaped by over 20 years of critical care nursing experience. Facing death and illness on a daily basis requires self-examination and a high degree of comfort with one’s own mortality, limits and values. Constant exposure to the fragility of life forces respect for the whole person and the people who love them. A general approach to patients who are actively dying is to allow them to define what they want and need during this time. The nurse’s role is to support what is important to the individual. Nursing care is tailored to support patient defined goals. The person who is actually experiencing the journey should be the one who defines suffering, and how their limited time will be spent. Nursing can teach both the patient and the practioner that knowing the end of life is coming can be a great blessing. This knowing that time is limited can allow healing and reconciliation not possible at any other time in a person’s life. The death of a loved one is not just about the loss of the individual, it is also about one’s own mortality. Nothing else can force surrender and acceptance like the illness and death of a close family member. B. Strategies to Improve Quality of life for Mr...
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...Governor’s University Describe a Specific Communicable Disease Outbreak In early April 2013 a measles outbreak was discovered in North Carolina. By mid-May the outbreak had been identified in Stokes and Orange Counties via 23 active cases. Every case was linked back to a family that had spent 3 months in India and had not been vaccinated. By the 16th of April the state laboratory of Public Health was able to confirm the diagnosis, with the last known case being confirmed on May 7th. The investigation of this outbreak revealed 4 patients with a confirmed diagnosis that had received one of vaccination of the two part series. The other 19 cases had not ever been vaccinated. The North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services issued a letter informing the community of the outbreak, and offering recommendations for providers in the area. The suggestion was to consider anyone with fever and rash to be positive for measles. They were also directed to contact their health department immediately for suggestions on laboratory testing and control measures. In mid-May the state and county health officials declared the outbreak to be resolved. The spreading of the disease was simple and rapid. Measles is a highly contagious illness that is originated from a virus. The virus is so contagious that well before the rash develops, the patient is contagious and spreading the illness to susceptible people. It is spread via the airborne route. The virus lives inside the mucus of nose and...
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...C228 – Community Health Nursing – Task 2 Renee Todd Western Governors University Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a severe acute respiratory illness caused by the coronavirus named MERS-CoV. It is believed that the virus is found in camels and passed on to humans who are in contact or around infected animal. These camels are mainly located in Egypt, Oman, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia (WHO, 2015a). Those infected with MERS exhibit fever, cough, and shortness of breath, pneumonia, and diarrhea. Severe cases require patient to be put on mechanical ventilation or in an intensive care unit. It is also known to cause kidney failure and septic shock. The elderly, persons who are immunosuppressed, those who have diabetes, cancer, or chronic lung disease are at an increased risk of contracting MERS. It can be transmitted to anyone who is in close contact with the infected person (WHO, 2015a). MERS has been reported in 26 countries throughout the world. In May of 2015, there was an outbreak in Korea that began with a 68 year old male who had recent travel from the Arabian Peninsula. The time line is as follows (WHO, 2015b) 1st Case: Reported May 24, 2015. (WHO, 2015b) • Patient: 68 year old male • Travel history o April 18-29, 2015: Bahrain o April 29-30, 2015: United Arab Emirates o April 30- May 1, 2015: Bahrain o May 1-2, 2015: the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia o May 2, 2015: Bahrain o May 2-3, 2015: Qatar o May 4, 2015: Flew from Qatar...
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...Community Health and Population Focused Nursing Task 2 Cecilia D. Vazquez Western Governors University A. Identification of international outbreak The communicable disease that caused an international outbreak is Swine Influenza A which is also known as H1N1. I will be describing the epidemiology and transmission of the outbreak, the effect of the outbreak on my community at a systems level and finally discuss what actions will be appropriate for a community health nurse when confronted with an outbreak of pandemic proportions. A1. Details of international outbreak Swine influenza A was first detected in the United States on April 13, 2009. The first identified patient was a 10year old male in San Diego California. He will be listed as patient A. He presented with fever, cough and vomiting to an outpatient clinic. Documented report of case from the Center for Disease Control includes information about his family members health history with child’s mother having respiratory symptoms without fever in the first few days of April, and the patient’s eight year old brother having respiratory illness two weeks prior to patient. The patient’s eight year old brother became ill again with cough, fever and rhinorrhea on April 11th. Next identified patient will be named patient B. Patient B is a nine year old female who resides in Imperial County, California which is 130 miles away from San Diego, California. She presented to an outpatient clinic on March 28, 2009...
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...Trident University XXXXXXXXXXXX Module 2 Case Study- Food Safety; Pests and Vectors; Air Quality BHE314 - Environmental Health and Safety XXXXXXXX, Ph.D. XXXXXXXXXXX Food Safety Question 1: There have been several complaints in your community about dirty restaurants. Several restaurants are no longer in business as a result of a television expose. You are the head of a citizen task force and have been asked to make recommendations for improved food safety. The members of the task force are at odds over which approach to food safety best serves the interests of the community. Please provide a response to the following questions: A. Explain which of the following two approaches to enhance food safety would be more effective in the long run - a stronger enforcement program by the local health department, or a mandatory food safety training requirement for all restaurant employees. b. Describe worker behaviors that may promote or compromise food safety. Please provide, at least, two examples. Question 2: Recently there have been numerous reports on increased mosquito bites in several neighborhoods in your community. Your staff has investigated these reports and has found them to be justified. As a matter of fact, there have been an increasing number of complaints that mosquitoes are preventing people from staying out in the early mornings and evenings. Additionally, the local health department has informed you that there has been an increase in reported cases of...
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...Assignment: Learner information OCR Level 3 Health and Social Care Unit 2: Equality, Diversity and Rights in Health and Social Care Assessor: Important Dates | |Assessment Criteria |Issue Date |Formative Assessment |Summative Assessment | |Task 1 |P1, M1 and D1 | | | | |Task 2 |P2 and P3 | | | | |Task 3 |P4, M2, D2 | | | | |Task 4 |P5 and M3 | | | | CANDIDATE NAME: General Information for Learners Q Do I have to pass this assignment? A Yes. You must pass this assignment to achieve the full qualification. Q What help will I get? A Your tutor will help you when completing the OCR assignment and will make sure that you know what resources/facilities you need and are allowed to use. Q What if I don’t understand something? A It is your responsibility to read the assignment carefully and make sure you understand what you...
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...Assignment: Learner information OCR Level 3 Health and Social Care Unit 2: Equality, Diversity and Rights in Health and Social Care Assessor: Important Dates | |Assessment Criteria |Issue Date |Formative Assessment |Summative Assessment | |Task 1 |P1, M1 and D1 | | | | |Task 2 |P2 and P3 | | | | |Task 3 |P4, M2, D2 | | | | |Task 4 |P5 and M3 | | | | CANDIDATE NAME: General Information for Learners Q Do I have to pass this assignment? A Yes. You must pass this assignment to achieve the full qualification. Q What help will I get? A Your tutor will help you when completing the OCR assignment and will make sure that you know what resources/facilities you need and are allowed to use. Q What if I don’t understand something? A It is your responsibility to read the assignment carefully and make sure you understand what you...
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...WORKING SAFELY IN COMMUNITY SERVICES 2ND EDITION OCTOBER 2006 PUBLIC SECTOR AND COMMUNITY SERVICES ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This publication is based on the Community Services Safety Pack developed by WorkCover New South Wales in consultation with its community services organisations, including the Council of Social Services of New South Wales (NCOSS). This version has been developed to ensure compliance with Victorian law and to incorporate helpful contact information. Consultation with Victoria’s community services peak bodies and relevant government departments informed its adaptation. Please note: if your organisation provides homecare services you should also refer to the Victorian Home Care Industry Occupational Health and Safety Guide that specifically covers home maintenance, meals on wheels, respite, attendant care and personal care. COMMUNITY SERVICES OHS INFORMATION PACK Community services workers play a vital role in caring for our people and helping to maintain a quality of life expected in Australian society, often in challenging and confronting circumstances. The Victorian community services sector employs more than 60,000 people and many volunteers who are committed to providing services that enhance the physical, mental and social wellbeing of individuals. Community services work can be very rewarding, but it can also present challenges in delivering outcomes in a way that balances the rights of clients with the safety and wellbeing of employees. Nobody...
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...1 Community Health (C228) Task 1 Megan Smith Student # 000473853 October 10, 2015 Community Health Task 1 2 Communities are often what shape and instill a sense of belonging for people. One such community is Northridge, which is a neighborhood located in the San Fernando Valley and is part of Los Angeles County. According to available data, there are 52,776 residents in Northridge, and diversity is a key element. A snapshot of Northridge can be seen as 49.5% whites, hispanics/latinos 50.8%, Asians 14.5%, African Americans 5.4% and others 4.6%. Along those lines, 7.6% are nonEnglish speaking and a large percentage of these residents speak languages other than English in the home. Families (married with children) make up 24.1% of households with single parents accounting for 11.8% of the residents (Lacounty.gov). Summary of Tools Population Economic Status Assessment. The median household income for Northridge in 2013 was $81,511, which is relatively high compared to the median income for California which is $61,632 (Northridge Neighborhood). While the median income is high, one source of data states 20% one in five residents of Los Angeles County receive public assistance (L.A. Times. 20% in Los Angeles County Receive Public Aid). While specific data could not be obtained for Northridge, in Los Angeles County (2011 Census) the birthrate was 130,312 and the death rate came in at 57,988, which means Los Angeles County as whole and its ...
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...Activity No. 1 Interview a community health nurse using the questioner on community health nursing. Additionally, request the community health nurse to accomplish the checklist on the awareness of the roles and functions of a community health nurse. QUESTIONNAIRE FOR THE COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE As a Community Health Nurse, please answer the questions as briefly and candidly as possible. 1. What are some difficulties/problems that you have encountered in the performance of your roles/duties? As a community nurse, there are a lot of problems that I encountered. These are the following: * Lack of health facilities and equipment’s * Facilitating change in client behaviour when dealing with them. * Different illnesses encountered * Family problem * Financial crisis 2. What are your suggestions to improve your performance and your workplace? My suggestions to improve my performance and my workplace are that I need to have patients in dealing with people, initiative in doing services and care. A nurse must be cheerful whenever problems arise. Most of all a nurse must ask guidance to the Heavenly Father in decision making and task to do. 3. Please fill up the checklist below by checking the box which indicates your corresponding roles and functions as a Community Health Nurse. ROLES | CN | HC | CB | ED | CL | AV | MG | RS | Provide knowledge, skills, and attitude | | | | | | | | | Bring together strengths and weaknesses...
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...Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale No Intervention/ questionnaire only 2. Farmer et al: Cross-sectional survey Dependent variable-increasing mammography adherence to screening within last 12 months Independent variable-Questionnaires, questions designed to elucidate perceptions of beliefs and barriers to screening, susceptibility and seriousness of breast cancer, knowledge of screening guidelines. Social support, cancer fatalism, dispositional optimism, perceptions of general health, screening guidelines. No Intervention/ questionnaire only 3. Levy-Storms: Cross-sectional survey Dependent variable- three levels of nonadherence; Never had a mammogram (never), more than 2 years ago (lapsed), in the last 1-2 years (due) Independent variable- based on self report; demographics, knowledge (of risk factors and screening guidelines), beliefs (perceived norms, perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, and perceived efficacy of early detection and mammography), psychological (concern about pain and about finding breast cancer) and access barriers (not in a health maintenance organization (HMO), regular checkup, transportation difficulties, cost, and difficulty making an appointment), referral from a provider, and behavioral intention No Intervention/ questionnaire only 4. Earp et al : cohort design Dependent variable- The primary outcome was self-reported mammography use in the previous 2 years. Independent variable-knowledge and attitudes related to breast cancer...
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