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Community

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Community
Layman’s definition of community * A community is a place where an individual lives, works and plays.
Olsen’s definition of community * A community is a social organization that is territorially localized and through which its members satisfy most of their daily needs and deal with most of their problems. * It is a social group of any size whose members reside in a specific locality, share government and have a common cultural and historic heritage.
Community, as a social organization, has a structure and roles to perform.

3 Elements of Community 1. Territory – the inhabitants live together in bands. 2. Interaction – refers to day-to-day social encounters with other members of society, taking into consideration the role and status of other individuals with whom one is interacting. 3. Common ties – a common standard of proper behavior for all those who belong to it.Living together promotes the sharing of sentiments and goals. Develop common ties and common identification with the goals of the community.

Development of early communities

Primitive/Nomadic People who live in caves, learned how to make fires by rubbing two stones together.
They survived by hunting wild animals and gathering of vegetables without cultivation and care of man.

Development of Industrial Societies
The industrial revolution of the 18th century gave birth to the cities that began to grow rapidly. Automations and computers characterized advanced industrial sieties.

Features of Rural and Urban Community

RURAL COMMUNITY | URBAN COMMUNITY | 1. Relatively small population | 1. Population densities are high | 2. Homogeneous | 2. Relationship | 3. Relationship | 3. Specialization | 4. Dominant Activity | 4. Anonymity | 5.Group Unity | |

Urban Problems Poverty | Crime | Prostitution | Unemployment | Transportation | Water Purity | Housing | Population Congestion | Drug Independence | Waste Disposal | Noise Pollution | Air Pollution | Urban Ecology and Processes * The study of the interrelationships of people and the environment they live in.

Process of transformation of the urban environment: 1. Concentration – refers to the movement of people due to increasing density of population, services and institutions in a region where conditions enable them to live the way they would want to live. 2. Deconcentration – as people migrate to urban centers to find a job. Because living quarters become scarce, notwithstanding the high rentals, the institutions that served people become strained. 3. Centralization – refers to the venue where the center of basic functions – the – city becomes the center of economic, social, political & cultural functions. 4. Decentralization – refers to the movement of people away from the city due to increasing tension in living within congested and overcrowded areas. 5. Segregation – refers to the concentration of certain types of people or activities within a particular area. 6. Ecological Specialization – refers to changes in community residence may also result from invasion of the area by other social groups or land users.

Community Development * Been used to describe projects initiated by or with the active participation of the inhabitants of a locality, which are intended to benefit them collectively.

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