...important distinction between “movements along” and “shifts of” the demand or supply curve. Market equilibrium Fig 1: Market Equilibrium Fig 1 shows the market for palm oil. Most of us consume palm oil in one form or another eg in the form of instant noodles, breakfast bars, doughnuts, margarine, crackers, crisps or French fries. Palm oil is also used in the manufacture of skin and body care products, toiletries, cosmetics, candles and soap products. In drawing it, demand is assumed to be at D0 and supply at S0 . As there are many small producers, so market supply curve is upward-sloping – an increase in the market price of palm oil would encourage producers to increase the output of the product. Supply is drawn to be relatively inelastic, on the assumption that it is quite difficult to increase production in the very short run, as it may take some time to plant new trees in order to do so. The market equilibrium will occur when the price is given by P0 and the quantity traded is Q0. This is an equilibrium in the sense that the quantity that consumers wish to buy is just matched by the quantity that producers wish to sell – at the going price. P0 is the unique price at which this balance occurs. Comparative statics Much of the power of the demand and supply model comes in analyzing how this market equilibrium changes if there is a change in market conditions. We can then...
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...Comparative Test Brand Rank Weight Price (in gm.) (in `) potato Chips Bingo Parle Lays Haldirams Pringles Uncle Chips 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 3 4 66 84 63 66 182 72 200 60 18 130 110 120 150 20 20 20 15 122 20 42 10 5 20 15 20 20 Branded Chips & Snacks Stay within Munching limits! Bikano Balaji Diamond Snack Food Kurkure Bikano Chatex Parle Fulltoss Haldiram’sTakatak 2 Branded chips and snacks have become part of the daily diet for rural and urban kids in india. Working parents prefer to buy the branded chips and snacks as they believe that these are prepared hygienically and will provid some amount of energy and nourishment that the children are deprived of because of their parents busy schedules. Parents tend to forget that chips and snacks are fillers and not a whole meal that provides nutrition in some proportion. Consumer VOiCe did comparative testing of well known chips and snacks brands to find out how well these products perform on health and hygiene parametres . Fortunately all the tested products were endorsed as hygienic and as far as being healthy, the manufacturer were playing with words – ‘no added msg’, ‘edible oil’, ‘iodized salt’. So many different names confusing even educated consumers searching for definition of these words in dictionaries rather than being able to make a quick decision as to which product is most suited for them. Read our report to help you make a better choice next time! F rom being a poor man’s staple diet ensuring sufficient...
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...Detailed Lesson Plan in English for Grade 7 I. OBJECTIVES: By the end of the lesson the students should be able to: a. re-tell the Bible verse; Psalm 23; b. identify the meaning of the adjectives and its comparison; c. share insight; relate David’s love to God in our own life. II. SUBJECT-MATTER: “Psalm; 23, A Psalm of David” Adjectives https://www.Ids.org/scriptures/ot/ps/23 Jesus Christ LCD, Projector, chart Individual/ Group work Love God above all III. PROCEDURE: Teacher’s Activity 1. 1. Daily Routine a. Prayer “Good morning everyone, all of you Please stand up and Mika will lead the prayer” b. Checking of the attendance “The Secretary of this class please go in the front and Write those absentees in the blackboard” c. Classroom Management “Before you take your sit, kindly pick up the trash and Arrange your chair properly” 2. 2. Lesson Proper a. Review “Yesterday we tackled about noun. Can you please define and give some example? b. Unlacking of difficulty -The teacher posted a picture with a four pics one words. | Student’s Activity -“In the name of the father the son, the holy spirit Amen. Dear lord, Thank you, for another knowledge that our Teacher will impart to us”-“Yes ma’am...
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...BHP BILLITON Petroleum Sector BHP Billiton is one of Australia’s greatest corporate success stories; having grown from humble beginnings in Melbourne, BHP is now a multinational commodities powerhouse and claims to be the world’s largest national resources company. (Annual Report, 2009 pp. B) The BHP Billiton Petroleum sector has been the focus of big BHP investment dollars of late as the company looks to expand their operations. BHP-B Petroleum produced over 376,000 barrels of oil per day in 2009 and has maintained an impressive 9% annual growth rate since 2007. (Petroleum Annual Review, 2009 pp 5) BHP Petroleum operates in many countries across the world and is currently undertaking oil and gas projects in Australia, The Gulf of Mexico, Algeria, the UK, Pakistan and Trinidad and Tobago with the intention to expand into Malaysia, the Fawklands and Canada in the near future. (PAR, 2009 pp 5) The market for petroleum and indeed the mining industry as a whole was unsure what effect the global financial crisis would have and what action affected parties would take during the period. Regardless of the changes, such a large and important company as BHP would have to study the potential changes and start, if necessary, reformatting their financial planning/strategies and other control processes. These would have to be looked at on a whole organisational level; ranging from the BHP hierarchy all the way down to the smaller subsidiaries in order to accurately gauge the potential...
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...Multinational Business Finance, 13e (Eiteman/Stonehill/Moffett) Chapter 1 Current Multinational Challenges and the Global Economy 1.1 Financial Globalization and Risk True/False 1) BRICs is a term used in international finance to represent assets that are considered to be inexpensive and sturdy, but fundamentally unsound and and incapable of coping with the upheavals now apparent in international financial markets. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: 1.1 Financial Globalization and Risk Skill: Recognition 2) Multinational enterprises (MNEs) are firms, both for profit companies and not-for-profit organizations, that have operations in more than one country, and conduct their business through foreign subsidiaries, branches, or joint ventures with host country firms. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: 1.1 Financial Globalization and Risk Skill: Recognition 3) Ownership, control, and governance changes radically across the world. The publicly traded company is not the dominant global business organization—the privately held or family-owned business is the prevalent structure—and their goals and measures of performance differ dramatically. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: 1.1 Financial Globalization and Risk Skill: Recognition 1.2 The Global Financial Marketplace Multiple Choice 1) A well-established, large U.S.-based MNE will probably NOT be able to overcome which of the following obstacles to maximizing firm value? A) an open market place B) high...
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...Fundamentals of Multinational Finance, 4e (Moffett) Chapter 1 Current Multinational Challenges and the Global Economy Multiple Choice and True/ False Questions 1.1 The Global Financial Marketplace 1) Which of the following firms are NOT considered to be multinational enterprises (MNEs) even if they have operations in more than one country? A) for-profit companies B) not-for-profit organizations C) non-government organizations (NGOs) D) all of the above may be considered MNEs Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: 1.1 The Global Financial Marketplace Skill: Recognition 2) "BRIC" is a term coined in 2001 to refer to a group of countries at about the same stage of advanced economic development. The BRIC countries are ________. A) Belgium, Romania, Italy, and Canada B) Brazil, Russia, India, and China C) Britain, Romania, Israel, and Colombia D) Brazil, Russia, Italy, and Chile Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: 1.1 The Global Financial Marketplace Skill: Recognition 3) According to the authors, which of the following groups or securities are at the "heart" to the global capital markets? A) debt securities issued by governments B) bank loans and corporate bons C) equity securities D) derivative securities Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: 1.1 The Global Financial Marketplace Skill: Recognition 4) ________ are the largest markets in the world. A) United States equity markets B) European debt markets C) Global currency markets D) Chinese export markets ...
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...Fundamentals of Multinational Finance, 4e (Moffett) Chapter 1 Current Multinational Challenges and the Global Economy Multiple Choice and True/ False Questions 1.1 The Global Financial Marketplace 1) Which of the following firms are NOT considered to be multinational enterprises (MNEs) even if they have operations in more than one country? A) for-profit companies B) not-for-profit organizations C) non-government organizations (NGOs) D) all of the above may be considered MNEs Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: 1.1 The Global Financial Marketplace Skill: Recognition 2) "BRIC" is a term coined in 2001 to refer to a group of countries at about the same stage of advanced economic development. The BRIC countries are ________. A) Belgium, Romania, Italy, and Canada B) Brazil, Russia, India, and China C) Britain, Romania, Israel, and Colombia D) Brazil, Russia, Italy, and Chile Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: 1.1 The Global Financial Marketplace Skill: Recognition 3) According to the authors, which of the following groups or securities are at the "heart" to the global capital markets? A) debt securities issued by governments B) bank loans and corporate bons C) equity securities D) derivative securities Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: 1.1 The Global Financial Marketplace Skill: Recognition 4) ________ are the largest markets in the world. A) United States equity markets B) European debt markets C) Global currency markets D) Chinese export markets Answer:...
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...WORKBOOK ANSWERS Edexcel A2 Economics Unit 4 The Global Economy This Answers document provides answers for the questions asked in the workbook. They are intended as a guide to give teachers and students feedback. Topic 1 Poverty and inequality in developed and developing countries Measuring poverty and inequality 1 A standard of living that fails to provide basic needs, such as food, shelter and clothing. (1 mark) Often measured by the number falling below a threshold level of income such as a $1.25 PPP a day. (1 mark) 2 The term refers to those who fall below a certain threshold income or poverty line. (1 mark) A standard of living that falls significantly below the majority. (1 mark) In the UK and EU, this is defined as those earning less than 60% of median income. (1 mark) 3 a Measures the percentage of households that experience overlapping deprivations in three dimensions: education, health and living conditions. (1 mark) A person who is ‘poor’ is deprived in at least 30% of the weighted indicators. (1 mark) b Used to measure absolute poverty in less developed countries (1 mark) and its variables are: the percentage of a population likely to die before the age of 40 years (1 mark); the percentage of people over the age of 15 years who are illiterate (1 mark); the percentage of children under the age of 5 years who are underweight (1 mark); the percentage of people without access to public and private services such as health care and...
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...RESEARCH on SUCCESS and MANAGEMENT of ‘JOLLIBEE FOODS CORPORATION’ and its SUBSIDARIES Prepared By: Date: May 3, 2012 Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 3 2. ANALYSIS OF THE COMPANY’S STRATEGIES and MANAGEMENT 4 a. The Financial Statistics 4 b. The Problems and Challenges 5 3. EVALUATION & CONCLUSION 8 WORKS CITED 10 1. INTRODUCTION Jollibee Food Company was established after the oil crisis hit the ice-cream prices since the family company was mainly based on ice-cream production and sales. After Jollibee, one member of the family, decided to diversify into sandwiches; the product started to gain popularity. “The Tans’ hamburger, made to a home-style Philippine recipe developed by Tony’s chef father, quickly became a customer favorite. A year later, with five stores in metropolitan Manila, the family incorporated as Jollibee Foods Corporation.” (Bartlett, 2001) The rapid increase in the number of stores after such a short period indicated how successful Jollibee’s decision has been. In three years, the number stores were doubled and Jollibee had 11 stores. However, together with this success, the problems also started to arise. The entrance of McDonalds into Philippines market was one of the main problems that Jollibee had to deal with. In 1986, when this battle was finally over, Jollibee had reached the number of 31 stores indicating the success of the company’s strategy. After the success of company in the country was proved...
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...energy demand and supply system consists of many kinds of energy subsystems, for example, grid network, fuel (city gas, LPG, kerosene and so on) networks, prospective fuel (hydrogen) networks and demand-side equipments such as heat pump and cogeneration. In recent years, many evaluation methods and factors have been proposed and discussions of energy policy about innovative technology are becoming more multifaceted. In addition, as a result of specialization and segmentation of engineering science, too much discussion has been centered on particular details of efficiency, rather than on the overall needs of the energy supply and demand system. Integration of these evaluations and discussions is necessary for criteria for judgment. Critical review is always necessary to ensure that prospective technologies are really energy saving and contribute to greenhouse abatement over the whole spectrum from producing energy to end-use. Objectives To introduce a new concept of “Energy Chain” from producing energy through transmission, utilization and end-use, and to propose engineering methodology and evaluation method with examples. Principal Results 1.Proposing a New Concept of Energy Chain and Evaluation Method What the energy end-user needs is “energy benefit”. This include all kinds of benefit 1 that end-users enjoy. The energy chain (EC) concept is defined as energy paths from source 2 to energy consumption to final end-use energy benefit (Fig.1 (a)). As shown in the figure...
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...FADILA MOHAMMED YAKASAI 10473 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS DR WILSON GARACHI NIGERIAN ECONOMY NIGERIA’S BALANCE OF TRADE AND EXCHANGE OF LOCAL CURRENCY WITH DOLLAR Nigeria reported a NGN 171.3 million exchange shortfall in March of 2016, contrasted with a NGN 168.7 million surplus a year prior. It was the least hole recorded following May of 2011 drove by a sharp fall in fares because of lower oil costs. Year-on-year, shipments drooped 65 percent to NGN 282 million and imports sank 31 percent to NGN 453.3 million. In the primary quarter of the year, the nation recorded a NGN 184 million-exchange crevice as shipments dropped 34.6 percent and imports declined 7.8 percent. Equalization of Trade in Nigeria found the middle value of 201123.70 NGN Millions from 1981 until 2015, achieving an unequaled high of 2177553.08 NGN Millions in October of 2011 and a record low of - 592200.72 NGN Millions in March of 2011. The National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria, accounts for parity of Trade in Nigeria. Fares of items (oil and common gas) are the primary element behind Nigeria's development and records for more than 91% of aggregate fares. In 2014, Europe and Asia were the nation's primary exchange accomplices. Europe represented 43% of aggregate deals and 34% of aggregate imports while Asia represented 29% of aggregate shipments and 43% of aggregate buys. This page gives - Nigeria Balance of Trade - genuine qualities, recorded information, gauge, outline, measurements, financial...
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...beyond their national boundaries (Hicks, 2000). My primary objective in this paper, therefore, is to discuss international finance and other macroeconomics policies. To foresee this goal, I will delve into foreign exchange market and operations of multinational corporations (MNCs). Theories Explaining Why Corporations Expand to become Multinationals a). Financial economists have brought forward three key arguments that enumerate why companies expand their operations to global markets. These theories are; the imperfect markets theory, the comparative advantage theory and the product cycle theory (Levi, 2004). i).The Comparative Advantage Theory This theory is among the most important concepts in international trade. It states that economic welfare increases when countries specialize in producing lower opportunity cost goods. It is far from looking the monetary value of producing goods as in the theory of absolute advantage (Bishop, 2004). A comparative advantage arises when a corporation realizes larger sales margins as compared to its competitors just because this company can sell at lower prices in comparison to its competitors. Multinationals have consistently...
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...Arguments for Free Trade among Nations as opposed to Arguments for Protectionism In economics, trade, both nationally and internationally is a subject that is highly debated. Trade affects every one in every nation, has a significant impact on a country’s standard of living and can be used to foster new ideas and products. There are currently two opposing policies of how to conduct trade, protectionism and free trade, also called laissez-faire. A county’s comparative advantage at producing certain products causes many debates over why one way of trade is better than another. Tariffs, embargo’s and quota’s that are put on trade are forms of protectionism, which is the restriction of trade between states/countries. Protectionism is preferred in some groups for a variety of reasons, one of the reasons is that, it is thought that protectionism can protect ‘infant’ or new companies and industires.1The idea behind this is that it helps protect domestic companies that are just starting from foreign competitors that could introduce products at a lower cost. Tariffs are then set up, to make the foreign goods artificially expensive allowing the new or ‘infant’ firm to set up until they are able to compete on equal footing.1 Another argument in favor of protectionism is that one country might be able to use it as a threat against another country to force a reduction or removal of their protection against its exports.3If the threat worked then that country using it as such would gain...
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...COMMON ASSESMENT: CASE ANALYSIS Submission 21st February 2001 Present an in-depth comparative analysis of two firms operating in two different countries. In the case analysis compare and contrast the differences in political, ethical, economic and legal differences and their impact on management decision making. Introduction: The aim of this paper is to identify the key political, ethical and economic differences between Apple, based in the USA and Shell, based in Holland, and then compare the differences based on management the individual decision making processes in the subject countries. The ethical conditions will also be discussed, with regard to laws on corporate social responsibility of the companies, as well as the environmental laws of the countries and the impact on the companies. Shell Holland Royal Dutch Shell plc, also known as shell, is a global group of energy and Petrochemicals Company with more than 100,000 employees in almost 90 countries. Shell is a worldwide oil and gas company, which is headquartered in the Netherlands and with its registered office in the United Kingdom. It is the largest energy company and the second-largest company in the world measured by revenues, It is management controlled and is active in every area of the oil and gas industry, that includes exploration and production, refining, distribution and marketing, power generation and trading. It also has major renewable energy activities, hydrogen, solar...
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...entire Thar coalfield are: Moisture | 46.77% | Volatile Matter | 23.42% | Fixed Carbon | 16.66% | Ash | 6.24% | Sulfur | 1.16% | Heating Value (Dry) | 10,898 Btu/lb | It is one of the world’s largest lignite deposits discovered by the Sindh Arid Zone Development Authority. In 1991, enormous coal deposits were conferred by the Geological Survey of Pakistan and the United States Agency for International Development, spread over more than 9, 000 sq. km. Estimated lignite deposits in Sindh, suitable for electric power generation and other applications are around 218 billion tons- about 98% of coal deposits of the country. If all the oil reserves of Saudi Arabia and Iran are put together these will be approximately 375 Billion Barrels, but a single Thar coal reserve of Sindh is about 850 trillion cubic feet, which is more than oil reserves of Saudi & Iran. These reserves estimated at 850 trillion cubic feet (TCF) of gas, are about 30 times higher than...
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