Alpher, Bethe and Gamow were suggesting nucleosynthesis. This is how the elements were formed through nuclear fusion in the early universe around the time of the “Big Bang”. Their hypothesis argued that heavier elements could be created from fusing hydrogen together in heat, thus supporting the theory of the Big Bang. They then hypothesized a value needed for cosmic microwave background in the early universe. Years later, Penzias and Wilson who were using a new technology (radio receiver) to collect data about the Milky Way, this surprisingly was in the microwave spectrum and was warmer than expected. They had been attempting to measure radio signals between the galaxies. During this same time period, Robert Dicke presented the idea that