...November 2010 [pic] Contents Executive summary 5 1. Introduction 8 2. Value chain analysis 9 2.1. The general value chain concept 9 2.2. The value chain concept applied to fisheries and aquaculture 11 2.3. Conclusions about using the value chain analysis 14 3. The international seafood industry and Africa’s place in it 16 3.1. African seafood exports and imports 18 3.2. Main destinations 20 3.3. Imports 21 3.4. Value addition in Africa 21 4. Studies where value chain analysis has been used 22 4.1. Revenue distribution through the seafood value chain 23 4.2. Lake Victoria Nile perch fishery, Tanzania 25 4.3. Pelagic fishery in Morocco 32 4.4. Value addition opportunities in the Namibian seafood industry 38 4.5. Ugandan Nile perch quality management and certification 41 4.6. The Kenya capture fisheries value chain 45 4.7. Nigerian domestic catfish production 50 4.8. Gender analysis of aquaculture value chain in Nigeria and Vietnam 54 4.9. Private sector applications of value chain analysis 60 5. On-going value chain analysis studies 68 5.1. Value chain analysis of international fish trade and food security 68 5.2. Ghana: Value Chain and Cost Earnings Analysis 69 6. Example from Asia: Analysis of the fishery sector in Sri Lanka 70 6.1. Value chain summary 71 6.2. Production 71 6.3. Ownership and collective...
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...ISSN 0859-600X Volume XIII No. 2 April-June 2008 Vietnamese catfish Culture-based fisheries in Lao Changing face of carp culture Providing Claims Services to the Aquaculture Industry Algae blooms Disease Large scale Weather losses Mass escape Non-compliance Pollution & Environmental contamination Predators Super chill Theft Damage to equipment, cages, moorings A global network of offices in 63 countries, provides local expertise in a rapidly growing aquaculture industry. Specialists available in Australia, Canada, Chile, China, Greece, Holland, Hong Kong, Italy, Norway, Spain, South Africa, UAE, United Kingdom and United States. For more information contact Mark Vos, tel: + 31 6 21 544 344 or markvos@crawco.nl Aquaculture Asia is an autonomous publication that gives people in developing countries a voice. The views and opinions expressed herein are those of the contributors and do not represent the policies or position of NACA. Editorial Board Wing-Keong Ng M.C. Nandeesha Editor Simon Wilkinson simon@enaca.org Editorial Assistant Phinyada Sompuech Editorial Consultant Pedro Bueno NACA An intergovernmental organization that promotes rural development through sustainable aquaculture. NACA seeks to improve rural income, increase food production and foreign exchange earnings and to diversify farm production. The ultimate beneficiaries of NACA activities are farmers and rural communities. Contact The Editor, Aquaculture Asia PO Box 1040 Kasetsart Post Office Bangkok...
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...plant after processes: the fallen fruit has to be eaten by a larger animal (mule, or horse or cow) à it has to pass through the body and ends up in a pile of fertilizer only then it can regenerate and produce a tree o Why did it evolve to be depended to this process? § There must be animals there in the past, in the past it was a camel (llama, alpaca). When the Indians came from asia (50000 years ago) these animals went extinct and the tree lost its major dispersal system What is the most obvious foundation of life on land? o Is landà soil Climate defines biomes, the ‘shapes’ of vegetation o Defines the major types of land on earth o Temperature and precipitation to be specific Soils in turn greatly affect the aspects (roots, water, nutrient) à rentention, root attachment, etc. Soil typically form layers (horizontal) retaining a range of physical and chemical layers: o Classification of soil: O= organic, A, B, C Soil horizons: description o O: organic, litter on top, fine litter deeper (gets broken down, hence fine), pollen, dead organisms o A: mineral soil, some organic matter. Clay, iron, aluminum, silicates, and soluble organics leach out gradually o B: depositional. Materials leached from A settle in B. Deposits may form banding patterns. o C: weathered parent material: rock fragment o Particulate to dissolved material gradient, organic to purely mineral Soils: warm and humid climate à breakdown faster than in colder climate à large organic waste...
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...Collapse- book is about a history topic about how societies choose to fail or survive. The main characters are historical people and unknown kings of Mayan cities or Easter Island villages. Jared Diamond tells the story of the Viking explorer Erik the Red, who discovered Greeland and Vinland (Terranova, in Canada). Another character is captain Olafsson, a norse sailor who wrote the last news about Greenland in 1410. Another main character is Christopher Columbus, who arrived at Hispaniola in 1492, but now this island is two countries, the Dominican Republic and the Haiti. Diamond studied the politics of two presidents. the dominican Rafael Trujillo, who protected the enviroment and the dictator François, Papa Doc, Duvalier, who decided on politics of deforestatation of his country, Haiti. The author considered the bad politics of another main character, king George II, who was interested in sending merinosheeps from Spain to Australia, an idea which was succesful from 1820 to 1950 but then the farmers understood their lands lost fertility. Another main character is Tokuwaga Jeayasu, a shogun of Japan in 1600, who prohibited Christianity in 1600 and protected his country againt deforestation. The book takes us to a lot of places around the globe: Mayan cities, Rwanda, Viking colonies of Vinland or Greenland, Haiti and Dominican Republic, Easter Island and Polynesian colonies in Pacific, and the Chaco villages in New Mexico (United States). The time period was from 800 AC, when...
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...Israel makes their agriculture sector superior in compare to world’s other countries. 1|Page 1. Overview of Israel’s Agriculture Israel’s agriculture is characterized by high technological level, pressure irrigation systems, automatic and controlled mechanization and high quality seeds and plants. Israel meets most of its food requirements through domestic production to produce over 5 million tons of field crops, 1.15 billion liters of milk, 1.6 billion eggs and 1.2 billion flowers for export (Ministry of Agriculture, 2006). The total area of arable land is 377,300 hectares with 78% under cultivation. Water scarcity is the main limiting factor in Israeli agriculture and the country depends on irrigation to increase its crop yields; about 50% of the land is irrigated. Of the 1,129 million cubic meters (MCM) of water used by agriculture per year, some 30% of agricultural water is treated wastewater (TWW) for drip irrigation of orchards and non-food crops, while another 16% is saline water. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development’s is a key driver of plans supporting sustainable development and reducing environmental hazards stemming from agriculture, while on the other hand, positioning agriculture as an environmentally friendly solution for treated sewage. Along with other government bodies, the Ministry is dedicated to increasing the efficient use of water and treated wastewater and promoting water...
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...AN ENQUIRY INTO THE BANDRA WORLI SEA LINK PROJECT The Indian People’s Tribunal on Environment and Human Rights July 2001 CONTENTS Foreword Part 1: Introduction Project Profile Objective of the Project Financial Implications Technical Features 1 3 4 4 5 6 Part 2: Illegality of the Project Norms for Environmental Compliance in India a) EIA Process in India b) Project Location c) Assessment of Alternatives d) Delineation of Mitigation Measures and EIA Report e) Public Hearing f) Monitoring the Clearance Conditions Violations of these Environmental Laws a) No Public Hearing Held b) Incomplete environmental Impact Assessment c) Project Report not Available d) CRZ Violations Due to Reclamation e) Quarrying f) Local Community not Consulted 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 10 10 12 12 13 15 15 Impact of the Project on Environment, Livelihood and Traffic a) Protected Species Endangered by Illegal Tree Felling b) Impact on the Livelihood of Local Communities c) The Impact of Additional Traffic – Congestion in South Mumbai d) Increase in Road Traffic a Source of Pollution 16 17 20 20 22 Undesirability of the Project for the City’s Well Being a) Impact due to Blockage of the Mithi River b) Financial Viability and Absence of Realistic Projections of Cost Recovery c) Problems with the Planning and Implementation of the Project 23 23 24 26 Part 3: Alternatives Part 4: Conclusions and Recommendations Part 5: Annexures Annexure Annexure Annexure Annexure Annexure Annexure...
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...I F I C OCEAN Galapagos Islands COLOMBIA ECUADOR Bogotá Cali S FR EN Belém Recife Lima BR A Z I L PERU La Paz Brasélia Salvador Belo Horizonte Rio de Janeiro ~ Sao Paulo BOLIVIA PARAGUAY CHILE Cordoba Santiago Pôrto Alegre URUGUAY Montevideo Buenos Aires ARGENTINA FALKLAND/MALVINAS ISLANDS South Georgia extraordinary islands 1st Edition 500 By Julie Duchaine, Holly Hughes, Alexis Lipsitz Flippin, and Sylvie Murphy Contents Chapter 1 Beachcomber Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Aquatic Playgrounds 2 Island Hopping the Turks & Caicos: Barefoot Luxury 12 Life’s a Beach 14 Unvarnished & Unspoiled 21 Sailing Along 32 Island Hopping The Bahamas Out Islands: Out on the Water 36 Diving’s the Thing 38 Storied Sand & Surf 45 Archipelagos & Atolls 51 Chapter 2 Garden Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57 Beautiful Bounty 58 Island Hopping the Florida Keys: Stringing the Pearls 62 Blooming Wonders 64 Wet & Wild 68 Island Hopping the Apostle Islands: Return to the Wild 78 Manicured Gardens...
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...Acclaim for Yann Martel's Life of Pi "Life of Pi is not just a readable and engaging novel, it's a finely twisted length of yarn— yarn implying a far-fetched story you can't quite swallow whole, but can't dismiss outright. Life of Pi is in this tradition—a story of uncertain veracity, made credible by the art of the yarn-spinner. Like its noteworthy ancestors, among which I take to be Robinson Crusoe, Gulliver's Travels, the Ancient Mariner, Moby Dick and Pincher Martin, it's a tale of disaster at sea coupled with miraculous survival—a boys' adventure for grownups." —Margaret Atwood, The Sunday Times (London) "A fabulous romp through an imagination by turns ecstatic, cunning, despairing and resilient, this novel is an impressive achievement. . . . Martel displays the clever voice and tremendous storytelling skills of an emerging master." —Publisher's Weekly (starred review) "[Life of Pi] has a buoyant, exotic, insistence reminiscent of Edgar Allen Poe's most Gothic fiction. . . . Oddities abound and the storytelling is first-rate. Yann Martel has written a novel full of grisly reality, outlandish plot, inventive setting and thought-provoking questions about the value and purpose of fiction." —The Edmonton journal "Martel's ceaselessly clever writing . . . [and] artful, occasionally hilarious, internal dialogue . . . make a fine argument for the divinity of good art." —The Gazette "Astounding and beautiful. . . . The book is a pleasure not only for the subtleties of its philosophy...
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...COLLAPSE HOW S O C I E T I E S CHOOSE TO FAIL OR S U C C E E D JARED DIAMOND VIK ING VIKING Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, U.S.A. Penguin Group (Canada), 10 Alcorn Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4V 3B2 (a division of Pearson Penguin Canada Inc.) Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R ORL, England Penguin Ireland, 25 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland (a division of Penguin Books Ltd) Penguin Books Australia Ltd, 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) Penguin Books India Pvt Ltd, 11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi—110 017, India Penguin Group (NZ), Cnr Airborne and Rosedale Roads, Albany, Auckland 1310, New Zealand (a division of Pearson New Zealand Ltd) Penguin Books (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd, 24 Sturdee Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R ORL, England First published in 2005 by Viking Penguin, a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc. 13579 10 8642 Copyright © Jared Diamond, 2005 All rights reserved Maps by Jeffrey L. Ward LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING IN PUBLICATION DATA Diamond, Jared M. Collapse: how societies choose to fail or succeed/Jared Diamond. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-670-03337-5 1. Social history—Case studies. 2. Social change—Case studies. 3. Environmental policy— Case studies. I. Title. HN13. D5 2005 304.2'8—dc22...
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...1 General Science General Science CHAPTER I. CHAPTER CHAPTER CHAPTER I CHAPTER I CHAPTER I CHAPTER II CHAPTER II CHAPTER II CHAPTER III CHAPTER III CHAPTER III CHAPTER IV CHAPTER IV CHAPTER IV CHAPTER V CHAPTER V CHAPTER V CHAPTER VI CHAPTER VI CHAPTER VI CHAPTER VII CHAPTER VII CHAPTER VII CHAPTER VIII CHAPTER VIII CHAPTER VIII CHAPTER IX CHAPTER IX 2 CHAPTER IX CHAPTER X CHAPTER X CHAPTER X CHAPTER XI CHAPTER XI CHAPTER XI CHAPTER XII CHAPTER XII CHAPTER XII CHAPTER XIII CHAPTER XIII CHAPTER XIII CHAPTER XIV CHAPTER XIV CHAPTER XIV CHAPTER XV CHAPTER XV CHAPTER XV CHAPTER XVI CHAPTER XVI CHAPTER XVI CHAPTER XVII CHAPTER XVII CHAPTER XVII CHAPTER XVIII CHAPTER XVIII CHAPTER XVIII CHAPTER XIX CHAPTER XIX CHAPTER XIX CHAPTER XX CHAPTER XX CHAPTER XX CHAPTER XXI CHAPTER XXI CHAPTER XXI CHAPTER XXII CHAPTER XXII CHAPTER XXII CHAPTER XXIII CHAPTER XXIII CHAPTER XXIII CHAPTER XXIV CHAPTER XXIV CHAPTER XXIV CHAPTER XXV CHAPTER XXV CHAPTER XXV CHAPTER XXVI CHAPTER XXVI CHAPTER XXVI General Science CHAPTER XXVII CHAPTER XXVII CHAPTER XXVII CHAPTER XXVIII CHAPTER XXVIII CHAPTER XXVIII CHAPTER XXIX CHAPTER XXIX CHAPTER XXIX CHAPTER XXX CHAPTER XXX CHAPTER XXX CHAPTER XXXI CHAPTER XXXI CHAPTER XXXI CHAPTER XXXII CHAPTER XXXII CHAPTER XXXII CHAPTER XXXIII CHAPTER XXXIII CHAPTER XXXIII CHAPTER XXXIV CHAPTER XXXIV CHAPTER XXXIV CHAPTER XXXV CHAPTER XXXV CHAPTER XXXV General...
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...Yann Martel: Life of Pi life of pi A NOVEL author's note This book was born as I was hungry. Let me explain. In the spring of 1996, my second book, a novel, came out in Canada. It didn't fare well. Reviewers were puzzled, or damned it with faint praise. Then readers ignored it. Despite my best efforts at playing the clown or the trapeze artist, the media circus made no difference. The book did not move. Books lined the shelves of bookstores like kids standing in a row to play baseball or soccer, and mine was the gangly, unathletic kid that no one wanted on their team. It vanished quickly and quietly. The fiasco did not affect me too much. I had already moved on to another story, a novel set in Portugal in 1939. Only I was feeling restless. And I had a little money. So I flew to Bombay. This is not so illogical if you realize three things: that a stint in India will beat the restlessness out of any living creature; that a little money can go a long way there; and that a novel set in Portugal in 1939 may have very little to do with Portugal in 1939. I had been to India before, in the north, for five months. On that first trip I had come to the subcontinent completely unprepared. Actually, I had a preparation of one word. When I told a friend who knew the country well of my travel plans, he said casually, "They speak a funny English in India. They like words like bamboozle." I remembered his words as my plane started its descent towards Delhi, so the word bamboozle ...
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...Introduction Natural Hazard any natural event which has an adverse socio-economic impact on the human being. Alternatively, an extreme natural event, such as a cyclone, an earthquake or a flood, that is not caused by human beings. These are naturally occurring phenomena that only become hazardous due to the intervention of human infrastructure. The vulnerability of human infrastructure to destruction (risk) by a disaster is also an important factor in understanding natural hazards. The distribution and impact of natural hazards is unequal with greatest loss of life and property in the developing part of the world. This is not because of greater hazard frequency but simply because of greater vulnerability. Therefore, the people in the developing countries are at high risk than those of developed countries. Combining the risk factor the natural hazard can be defined as the probability of a change in the natural environment of a given magnitude occurring within specified time period in a given area while the associated risk is the consequent damage or loss of life, property and services. The frequency of major hazard appears to have increased since 1960 and the number of people killed each year has decreased at a rate of about 6% and the loss or property has also decreased steadily. This has taken place owing to increased awareness and better hazard management. The increase in the frequency of hazard can be assigned to such factors as better global news coverage, increasing population...
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...lo io yB io g oCSEC B Biologyy og Bi ol gy lo yB io g lo io og B ol Bi y Caribbean Examinations Council ® SYLLABUS SPECIMEN PAPER MARK SCHEME SUBJECT REPORTS Macmillan Education 4 Crinan Street, London, N1 9XW A division of Macmillan Publishers Limited Companies and representatives throughout the world www.macmillan-caribbean.com ISBN 978-0-230-48203-6 © Caribbean Examinations Council (CXC ®) 2015 AER www.cxc.org www.cxc-store.com The author has asserted their right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Design and Patents Act 1988. First published 2014 This revised version published 2015 Permission to copy The material in this book is copyright. However, the publisher grants permission for copies to be made without fee. Individuals may make copies for their own use or for use by classes of which they are in charge; institutions may make copies for use within and by the staff and students of that institution. For copying in any other circumstances, prior permission in writing must be obtained from Macmillan Publishers Limited. Under no circumstances may the material in this book be used, in part or in its entirety, for commercial gain. It must not be sold in any format. Designed by Macmillan Publishers Limited Cover design by Macmillan Publishers Limited and Red Giraffe CSEC Biology Free Resources LIST OF CONTENTS CSEC Biology Syllabus Extract 3 CSEC Biology Syllabus 4 ...
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...Growing Vegetables & Useful UAE Climate Information Compiled by: Saqer Bin Zayed Al Nehayyan Growing Vegetables & UAE Climate Information 2007 Index Temperature conversion chart ................................................................ 4 Average Temperature Conditions........................................................... 4 UAE Vegetables Growing Calendar ........................................................ 5 Measurement and Conversions ............................................................... 8 Winds in UAE ....................................................................................................17 Greenhouse Introduction ..........................................................................22 Vegetables A to Z ...........................................................................................23 Nursery management in vegetable crops By: Rajinder Kumar Dhall and J.S. Hundal.......................................................................................................25 Raised Bed Gardening .................................................................................26 Hydroponic production ...............................................................................29 Shade Tolerant Vegetables (and Fruits)............................................39 A veggie for all seasons..............................................................................40 Cool Season Vegetables ................
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...and beverage industry in the United States and worldwide. FPA’s laboratory centers, scientists, and professional staff provide technical and regulatory assistance to member companies and represent the food industry on scientific and public policy issues involving food safety, food security, nutrition, consumer affairs, and international trade. For more information, visit FPA’s website at www.fpa-food.org The member firms of the PricewaterhouseCoopers network (www.pwc.com) provide industry-focused assurance, tax, and advisory services to build public trust and enhance value for its clients and their stakeholders. More than 130,000 people in 148 countries across our network work collaboratively using connected thinking to develop fresh perspectives and practical advice. © 2006 PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. All rights reserved. “PricewaterhouseCoopers” refers to PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (a Delaware limited liability partnership) or, as the context requires, the PricewaterhouseCoopers global network or other member firms of the network, each of which is a separate and...
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