...Thinking and Decision Making Paper MGT 350 Barak Morton Jason Fynewever, Miranda Snyder Tia Fraser Tammy Wilson The world is a very diverse place made up many different cultures which would lead to many different look at a situation. With the diverse country we live in we have to take into account all the different thinking styles as well as different decision making processes to come to a decision that is best. With all of the different thinking styles we are able to make decisions in both our professional and personal life in which would be based on many the many aspects of our life. Throughout this paper we will be examining similarities and differences between three thinking styles: emotional, logical and optimistic. As a team we will compare and contrast these three different types of thinking styles as well as comment on how each affects the critical thinking process. We will also apply critical thinking to the decision-making process by discussing workplace examples. These examples will highlight each of the three different thinking styles we chose for this paper. Emotional Thinking Style In times of high emotion one is quick to respond rather than to use critical thinking to consider the situation and the possible consequences of the response. Emotional Thinking refers to the ability or inability to distinguish emotions and thoughts, or how one successfully (or unsuccessfully) applies sound judgment and reasoning to situations...
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...Dr. King uses a great writing technique such as using a logical and emotional appeal and adding it to his writings to get people more interested. In this letter that he wrote, he did a much better job crafting an emotional appeal than a logical one. There are a few reasons behind my thinking, but overall he used both very well to grab the reader's attention using words. Word’s influence people so much and Dr. King did a great job using them to get people to see his point of view. Overall this letter is a very persuasive letter that has lots of emotion in his writing to get people to feel a certain way about the topic, in this case it is segregation and racism. The use of an emotional appeal is so ideal in Dr. King’s writing because he is...
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...Thinking and Decision Making Thinking incorporates an individual’s thoughts through a process of carefully evaluating decisions so that a conclusion can be determined. Decision-making additionally involves implementing the proper steps so that the individual will reach his or her goals by making the right choices. The purpose of this paper is to present various concepts of different thinking styles. The thinking styles that will be discussed are emotionally, logically, creative, realistic, optimistically, pessimistically, divergently, and scientific style. Additionally, the following will discuss how to compare and contrast the three different types of thinking and comment on how each affects the critical-thinking process. Finally, the following will provide critical thinking to the decision-making process by discussing workplace examples that highlight each of the three different types of thinking. Logically Style Logical thinking is a style in which an individual feels that everyone should be thinking the same way as they do. Thinking logically can be either inductive or deductive. “Deductive thinking is the kind of reasoning that begins with two or more premises and derives a conclusion that must follow from those premises, a conclusion that is in fact contained or hidden in those very premises” (Kirby & Goodpaster, 2007, p. 156). “Inductive reasoning usually begins with a set of evidence or observations about some members of a class, or about some events” (Kirby & Goodpaster...
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...discuss three styles, collective participative, logic, and persuasive and how using each one of them can assist with problem formation and identification. Once a good definition of what the problem is established, the process toward its eventual elimination can begin. (Krippendroff, n.d) Each organization is unique, but all have a common goal; to have a process in which problems are handled. Compare and contrast Logical style, collective participative style, and persuasive style are all commonly used methods in the decision making process. Logical style decision- making involves the use of facts and also logical reasoning. It involves a step by step process that thoroughly evaluates possible solutions to the problem, but in the end, the manager or whoever is in charge evaluates these possible solutions and chooses the one that he or she believes is the best solution to the problem at hand. Collective participative style involves all members of the organization during the decision making process. This style takes longer for a solution to be implemented than the other styles, but like logical style, the final decision is made by the person in charge, after the different perspectives and possible solutions have been explored. Persuasive style decision making is the style that focuses on persuading the audience that is receiving the information that is presented. The argument is presented to the listener in an appealing way and supported by...
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...success. Schweitzer’s credibility as a well-rounded, educated man, the emotion he pulls from the audience when discussing true happiness and success, and the logical representation of how the quote is structured are effective in proving to the audience that happiness truly is the key to success. Albert Schweitzer was an incredibly accomplished individual. He had a variety of different topics he was passionate about making him very well-versed. Schweitzer’s successes and versatile mind appeal to ethos because they make him a credible speaker that the audience will believe. It’s obvious that Schweitzer...
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...During the first two centuries of American history, slaveholding spread throughout the American landscape and resulted in the maltreatment of slaves and abusive practices that came to characterize American slavery prior to the Civil War. By evidencing his own emotional hardships and trials and accentuating the illogical procedures employed by the slaveholders, Douglass persuades the readers of the inconceivable cruelty present in the ideology of slavery and urges the American people to take action against this atrocious institution. Overall, Frederick Douglass employs many rhetorical devices in order to convince the audience that the practice of slavery should be abolished in order for America to reach its pinnacle of success. Through the...
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...problem using YOUR thinking style. One might be emotional, one logical, one scientific, one creative, one pessimistic, and one optimistic, etc. Review the details of the problem and how your thinking style might affect various stakeholders the organization. Show how your particular thinking style might positively and negatively affect decision making in your organization. Compare and contrast your thinking style with another approach to this problem using ANOTHER thinking style. Sample list of thinking styles: Emotional, Closed question, Pessimistic, Logical, Open question, Optimistic, Scientific, Deductive, Divergent, Creative, Inductive, Convergent. Response I would like to share my experience working for a research group at a leading public university. The group can be called an organization because there were around 20 members in the group ranging from laboratory manager, laboratory assistants, postdoctoral researchers and undergraduate students. The laboratory could be compared with any small company. Like most academic laboratories, my advisor shunned from collaborative work because he was paranoid that someone might scoop his ideas. He did not trust his own lab members to work together. His attitude was that the only he could control his lab was to micromanage the lab. Following were the main problems faced by the group: 1. Low productivity 2. Low employee retention: Nobody stayed beyond a year 3. Negative work environment My thinking style can be best...
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...Decision making and Thinking is a part of our lives like breathing, people don’t stop to analyze why they use this process. People may think that thinking and decision making is a simple process, there are many styles of thinking for every issue people come across in their daily lives. The four different styles of critical thinking are creative, logical, scientific, and persuasive. The different styles of thinking are fit to the different issues and they require thought and analysis to find the best fit. The thinking styles each have a different effect on the issue, so one will need to think about this as another variable. People use the thinking styles to remember, and perceive information, and also solve problems. In this paper we will discuss the four types of Thinking and Decision making and give workplace examples for each. Scientific Thinking The style of scientific thinking has changed the world. In the field of medicine, scientists have been successful in finding cures for diseases, developing new drugs that can extend life, and treatments that can improve the quality of life have been invented through this important style of thinking. The four major steps in the scientific thinking process are observation, hypothesis formulation, experimentation, and verification (Kirby & Goodpaster, 2007). Scientific Thinking Decision Making Process Observation = Identify the problem Hypothesis...
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...took away his prize, lady Briseis. Akhileus’ anger turn into flame and he plead to his mother, Thetis, to make the Greek be defeated by the Trojan. After several battles, the Greek has lost a great amount of warriors and they had lost everything to the Trojan. Lord Agamemnon is terrified and he declares to everybody to go home, but Nestor convinces Lord Agamemnon to bring Akhilleus back by offering Akhilleus valuable gifts. Agamemnon agrees and sends Odysseus, Phoinix, and Aias to convince Akhilleus to return to the battle. Each of them gives Akhilleus a lengthy sermon; however, anger is still has not faded in Akhilleus’ mind and he is thinking about sailing home. When it is Aias’ turn, he angrily speaks to Akhilleus and expresses his disappointment. Aias’ speech is very effective than the others is because he uses ethical, logical, and emotional appeals and choice of words to convey his message to Akhilleus. In Aias’ speech, he uses examples of ethical appeals to inform Akhilleus to do the right things or to perform the right actions. This part of Aias’ speech is an example of ethical appeals, “A normal man will take the penalty for a brother slain or a dead son… Fury and pride in the bereaved are curbed when he accepts the penalty (769-774).” This quote means when one has offended or murdered someone, one must present gifts to the victim’s family for one’s wrongdoings. In return, the victim’s relatives will receive the gifts without complaints. This part of Aias’ speech is...
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...theory in the sciences, a mathematical problem) * Compare and Contrast (two characters in a novel, two systems of government, the styles of two artists) * Evaluate (a poem, a cultural custom, a strategy in tennis) * Explain (the use of grammar in a sentence, your interpretation of an historical event, the solution to a scientific problem) Analytical Thinkers: “I like…” * Analyzing characters when I’m reading or listening to a story * Comparing and contrasting points of view * Criticizing my own and others’ work * Thinking clearly and analytically * Evaluating my and others’ points of view * Appealing to logic * Judging my and others’ behavior * Explaining difficult problems to others * Solving Logical problems * Making inferences and deriving conclusions * Sorting and classifying * Thinking about things Outcomes of Teaching for Analytical Intelligence Analytical instruction and assessment should enable students to: * Identify the existence of problems * Define the problems * Allocate resources for solving the problems * Mentally represent the problems * Formulate strategies for solving the problems * Monitor their strategies while problem solving * Evaluate their solutions after they are done The Triarchic View of Intelligence Analytical intelligence is evoked when we: * Analyze * Compare and Contrast * Evaluate * Explain...
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...Critical Thinking These stages in the intellectual development of the critical thinker are paraphrased from the article “Critical Thinking Development: A Stage Theory” by Linda Paul and Richard Elder, available at www.criticalthinking.org. Stage One: The Unreflective Thinker Defining Features: These thinkers are basically unaware of the role of thinking in their lives and of potential problems with their own reasoning – they lack the ability to be metacognitive. They do not identify concepts or assumptions behind ideas, and they rarely assess the logic of their opinions or conclusions. They may have developed some skills in thinking (compare and contrast, analyze, conclude, etc.), but these skills are inconsistently applied and these thinkers tend to retain biases and prejudices. Though these thinkers may be highly educated, they tend to be unable to “fix” problems in thinking or adopt new strategies to solve problems. Stage Two: The Challenged Thinker Defining Features: These thinkers have become aware of the role thinking plays in their lives. They have begun to understand that problems in thinking and logic can cause significant trouble for them, and they recognize that productive thinking requires effort and deliberate attention. They have an understanding of the basic elements of reasoning (concepts, assumptions, questions at issue, purpose, point of view, information, implications and consequences, etc.) and standards for the assessment of thinking (clarity...
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...Critical Thinking These stages in the intellectual development of the critical thinker are paraphrased from the article “Critical Thinking Development: A Stage Theory” by Linda Paul and Richard Elder, available at www.criticalthinking.org. Stage One: The Unreflective Thinker Defining Features: These thinkers are basically unaware of the role of thinking in their lives and of potential problems with their own reasoning – they lack the ability to be metacognitive. They do not identify concepts or assumptions behind ideas, and they rarely assess the logic of their opinions or conclusions. They may have developed some skills in thinking (compare and contrast, analyze, conclude, etc.), but these skills are inconsistently applied and these thinkers tend to retain biases and prejudices. Though these thinkers may be highly educated, they tend to be unable to “fix” problems in thinking or adopt new strategies to solve problems. Stage Two: The Challenged Thinker Defining Features: These thinkers have become aware of the role thinking plays in their lives. They have begun to understand that problems in thinking and logic can cause significant trouble for them, and they recognize that productive thinking requires effort and deliberate attention. They have an understanding of the basic elements of reasoning (concepts, assumptions, questions at issue, purpose, point of view, information, implications and consequences, etc.) and standards for the assessment of thinking (clarity...
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...arguments, Gladwell conducts interviews with people in each chapter of the book and compares their stories with those of a secondary source. Gladwell interviews Jay Freireich in chapter five, probing his early years. Mr. Freireich recalls his mom working extremely hard to make ends meet and his dad dying while he was quite young. He also recalls growing up in extreme poverty. He can't recall the name of the babysitter his mother hired, but he does recall how much he adored her and thought of her as his mother. Gladwell stated, "He could not retrieve the name of the women who raised him because everything from those years was so painful that it had been pushed to the furthest recesses of his mind.'' Gladwell 126)Then, Gladwell delves into his secondary source of World War II and how some people were afraid of the bombing while others weren't. Gladwell describes a Canadian psychiatrist by the name of MacCurdy who figured out why some people were fearful, and others weren't. According to MacCurdy's founding, "traumatic experiences can have two completely different effects on people: the same event can leave one group better off while it is profoundly damaging to another." Gladwell, 134. Gladwell then goes back to Jay Freireich to explain how the trauma he experienced as a child prevented him from remembering his early memories. Gladwell uses numerous motivational testimonials from interviews he conducted, compares them to secondary sources, and uses David and Goliath to bolster his arguments...
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...Emotional Intelligence Abstract Intelligence has been studied for a very long time and the more research is conducted newer concepts of intelligence continue to evolve and show that it is more than just being smart. Howard Gardner in 1983 came up with the concept of multiple intelligences and today personal career success requires not only academic intelligence but also a higher level of emotional intelligence. This paper compares both academic intelligence to emotional intelligence and further reviews literature on the importance of emotional intelligence and relates it to career success. The basic concepts behind academic intelligence, emotional intelligence, how its valuable and why it should be valuable to learn are discussed with the aid of three published articles that elaborate on its necessity for success. Keywords: Academic intelligence, emotional intelligence, career, success Emotional Intelligence: The New Measure of Success Each individual uses a unique set of cognitive skills when processing complex information. Intelligence is a very old concept and while intelligence has been the most consistent factor in determining career success, its definition now includes emotional intelligence. It was Howard Gardner, who came up with the concept of multiple intelligences that encompass several capabilities such as reasoning, planning, solving problems, comprehending, learning, etc (1983). Two of these many different intelligences...
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...not only academic intelligence but also a higher level of emotional intelligence. This paper compares both academic intelligence to emotional intelligence and further reviews literature on the importance of emotional intelligence and relates it to career success. The basic concepts behind academic intelligence, emotional intelligence, how its valuable and why it should be valuable to learn are discussed with the aid of three published articles that elaborate on its necessity for success. Keywords: Academic intelligence, emotional intelligence, career, success Emotional Intelligence: The New Measure of Success Each individual uses a unique set of cognitive skills when processing complex information. Intelligence is a very old concept and while intelligence has been the most consistent factor in determining career success, its definition now includes emotional intelligence. It was Howard Gardner, who came up with the concept of multiple intelligences that encompass several capabilities such as reasoning, planning, solving problems, comprehending, learning, etc (1983). Two of these many different intelligences are emotional which determines how an individual perceives and controls emotions or academic which determines how intelligent an individual is. Studies show that when evaluating success, there is no doubt that both emotional and academic intelligence play an important part, however emotional intelligence is critical to ones personal success and growth...
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