...the prospect of the ‘information superhighway’, world-wide telecommunications systems which permit the rapid, indeed virtually instantaneous transmission around the world, at times chosen as much by individual recipients as by transmitters, of information and entertainment in all media - print, pictures still and moving, sound, and combinations thereof. The issues are manifold. Is the ease of perfect reproduction and manipulation of material in the digital form used by our communications systems the death-knell of the whole basis of copyright? Are we at least going to have to reconsider such fundamentals of copyright law as what constitutes publication, copying and public performance, or the old distinctions between categories of work such as literary, artistic, sound recording and film? What rights should users enjoy? Are the rights accorded them in the analogue world so ill-defined that they will undermine the utility of copyright as a source of income for digital authors and their publishers? Will we see the emergence of a genuine market-place in which producer and user bargain about the price for individual transfers of...
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...intellectual property protection granted under Indian law to the creators of original works of authorship such as literary works (including computer programs, tables and compilations including computer databases which may be expressed in words, codes, schemes or in any other form, including a machine readable medium), dramatic, musical and artistic works, cinematographic films and sound recordings. Copyright law protects expressions of ideas rather than the ideas themselves. Under section 13 of the Copyright Act 1957, copyright protection is conferred on literary works, dramatic works, musical works, artistic works, cinematograph films and sound recording. For example, books, computer programs are protected under the Act as literary works. Copyright refers to a bundle of exclusive rights vested in the owner of copyright by virtue of Section 14 of the Act. These rights can be exercised only by the owner of copyright or by any other person who is duly licensed in this regard by the owner of copyright. These rights include the right of adaptation, right of reproduction, right of publication, right to make translations, communication to public etc. Copyright protection is conferred on all Original literary, artistic, musical or dramatic, cinematograph and sound recording works. Original means, that the work has not been copied from any other source. Copyright protection commences the moment a work is created, and its registration is optional. However it is always advisable to obtain...
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...parody and satire. Similar to the Australian position, the Bill does not provide any definition for these two terms. We are not aware of any official record that provides a detailed explanation about the intended scope of this proposed new exception; and (b) providing a new exception for “non-commercial user-generated content” (UGC) 7 subject to certain prescribed conditions, e.g. giving due credit to the underlying work and not having “a substantial adverse effect, financial or otherwise, on the exploitation or potential exploitation…or potential market” of the underlying work. 7. During the discussion of the original Act, there were criticisms that the exception for non-commercial UGC was too wide and the conditions attached thereto were unrealistic, and that it might violate the three-step test required by the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) of the World Trade Organization. Some lamented that the “creativity” bar set in the provision was too low, under which a very simple alteration to a work might already constitute a 6 The legislative proposals were originally introduced in June 2010 as Bill C-32, but the parliamentary scrutiny was aborted in early 2011 due to dissolution of the Parliament. The current Bill C-11 is available at http://www.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?Docid=5144516&file=4. 7 The proposed new section 29.21 provides that “It is not an...
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...Chinese Law The legal history of china started with the Tang Code that was invented around 619 AD to 906, it contained a structure of laws for punishments and crimes but this code was very much a militarist law code seeing the historical time of that era was militarist in nature. It has subsequently been developing and advancing the rules which were seen in the in the Qin Dynasty which was in 221-206 BC which gave in an insight into a structured and advanced legal system. China has culturally been at the centre of many western studies because so much of china has remained unknown to the rest of the western world. This was brought up subsequently studying Chinese law and being asked ‘what is china and what is your image and view of these people’. This question given by Mr Ken Shao showed the class that none of the students had any idea of what china really was. In one instance there was an image of a traditional family and on the other a communist militarist dictatorship, this was only because there was very little information on China and that China was very much the unknown to many countries. The history of China is shown to display that this country has been a highly progressive country within the scope of law but also being one of the slowest countries to implement Intellectual Property Law which has sparked an interest into where the progression in the legal system relating to Intellectual Property Law went into disrepute and the arrival of Intellectual Property Law within...
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...The organization: International Visual Sociology Association (IVSA) is a nonprofit, democratic, and academically -oriented professional organization devoted to the visual study of society, culture, and social relationships. The individuals that comprise this organization come from a wide spectrum of disciplines, including sociology, anthropology, education, visual communication, photography, filmmaking, art, and journalism. The purpose of IVSA is to promote the study, production, and use of imagery, visual data, and visually-oriented materials in teaching, research, and applied activities. We also foster the use of still photography, film, video, and electronically transmitted images in sociology and other related fields. Together we work to encourage: documentary studies of everyday life in contemporary communities, the interpretive analysis of art and popular visual representations of society, studies about the social impact of advertising and the commercial use of images, the analysis of archival images as sources of data on society and culture, and the study of the purpose and the meaning of image-making practices like...
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...Copyright Notice Staff and students of University of the West of England are reminded that copyright subsists in this extract and the work from which it was taken. This Digital Copy has been made under the terms of a CLA licence which allows only students registered for the named module to: View and download a copy; Print out a copy. Please note all other staff and students are only entitled to browse the material and should not download and/or print out a copy This Digital Copy and any digital or printed copy supplied to or made by you under the terms of this Licence are for use in connection with this Course of Study. You may retain such copies after the end of the course, but strictly for your own personal use. All copies (including electronic copies) shall include this Copyright Notice and shall be destroyed and/or deleted if and when required by the University of the West of England. Except as provided by copyright law, no further copying, storage or distribution (including by email) is permitted without the consent of the copyright holder. The author (which term includes artists and other visual creators) has moral rights in the work and neither staff nor students may cause, or permit, the distortion, mutilation or other modification of the work, or any other derogatory treatment of it, which would be prejudicial to the honour or reputation of the author. Designated person authorising scanning: Anne Petrie Module title: Strategic management (accounting...
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...are different from a country to another one. Today it exists many designers who have their personalized style and are distinctive from each other. Moreover, consumers are able to recognize the different styles and brands offered by these unique designers. The protection of designs varies according the countries and their legalizations, and France is considered as a country where designs are particularly well protected by law. This essay develops the various legal protections of design in France. Copyright, design rights, design patents and trademarks can protect fashion goods in France. I. Copyrights France’s system of copyright protects any “original work of the mind” because it reflects the personality and the creative mind of their author. According to the French Intellectual Property Code (IPC), any original work can be copyrighted without registration, by the unique fact of its creation. It is important to underline that copyright protects the original and creative aspects of products and not...
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...distinguish a specific amount of content that can be quoted for review. There are guidelines however that state that using only a portion of the content and then linking back to the original source site is a the best rule of thumb. The US copyright office offers the following four categories that must be considered when determining what is fair use for the use of protected materials for criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. You can learn more by visiting http://www.copyright.gov/fls/fl102.html. 1. The purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes 2. The nature of the copyrighted work 3. The amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole 4. The effect of the use upon the potential market for, or value of, the...
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...The purpose of this outline is to identify and recognize the Tangible and Intellectual property rights significant to the Information Technology sector. The research should identify what the managers in that industry can do to protect the property rights of the organization, and what the managers in that industry should do to assure that the organization protects the intellectual property rights of others. This will require an understanding of tangible and intellectual property in general, plus research about the tangible and intellectual property issues in the selected industry. Tangible Properties that is significant in the Information Technology sector According to Webster and Dictionary.com Tangible is having actual physical existence, as real estate or chattels, and therefore capable of being assigned a value in monetary terms, capable of being touched, real or actual, rather than imaginary or visionary. According to LAW-531, rEsource Ch 16, Tangible property is the type of property we can see and touch. Delivery trucks, desks, computers, inventory, and the Building and land in which a business is located are all forms of tangible property. Information technology computer hardware includes computers components input keyboards, output screens or monitors, and peripherals including cables, scanners, surge protectors, optical drives, digital imaging equipment, printers, data processing equipment, Fax machines. The IT sector has much to offer in this category...
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...legal right created by the law of a country that grants the creator of an original work exclusive rights for its use and distribution. This is usually only for a limited time. The exclusive rights are not absolute but limited by limitations and exceptions to copyright law, including fair use. Copyright is a form of intellectual property, applicable to certain forms of creative work. Under US copyright law, legal protection attaches only to fixed representations in a tangible medium.[1] It is often shared among multiple authors, each of whom holds a set of rights to use or license the work, and who are commonly referred to as rightsholders.[2] These rights frequently include reproduction, control over derivative works, distribution, public performance, and "moral rights" such as attribution.[3] Copyrights are considered territorial rights, which means that they do not extend beyond the territory of a specific jurisdiction. While many aspects of national copyright laws have been standardized through international copyright agreements, copyright laws vary by country.[4] Typically, the duration of a copyright spans the author's life plus 50 to 100 years (that is, copyright typically expires 50 to 100 years after the author dies, depending on the jurisdiction). Some countries require certain copyright formalities to establishing copyright, but most recognize copyright in any completed work, without formal registration. Generally, copyright is enforced as a civil matter, though...
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...Analyzing Literary Terms Within Stories Many authors use their own type of writing skills to make their stories flow nicely and to keep the reader entertained. There are so many different literary terms out there that help a story to flow so much better. Some of the things I like to see while reading a story are similes, metaphors and imagery. I like to see these certain styles of writing, because you can compare just about any two things and make the story that much more interesting. When an author utilizes those specific styles of writing, it can give excellent detail to create images inside the reader’s heads while they read. I consider myself a visual reader, and when the text is dull or boring, it is like the words are going in one ear, and out of the other. So, I particularly enjoyed Alice Walkers “The Welcome Table”, because of the authors vivid use of words and comparisons that helped me to envision what I am reading as if it were a movie in my mind. In Alice Walkers “The Welcome Table” she uses a great number of literary terms. The terms that were used engaged me in the story and helped to keep me interested while reading about the elderly woman in the story. The way she described certain things kept me wanting to read more. The author uses such great comparisons to describe how the old lady looks, and walks. One literary term that the author utilized is imagery. Imagery is “a distinct representation of something that can be experienced and understood through the...
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... E.11/12.4 E.11/12.5 F.11/12.1 Key Learning Targets Create substantial pieces of proficient writing to effectively communicate with different audiences for a variety of purposes, including literary analyses. Apply the writing process to create and critique writing composed in a variety of situations. Edit and critique writing for clarity and effectiveness. Use advanced presentation skills on self-selected and assigned topics. Evaluate oral messages for accuracy, logic and usefulness. Summarize and evaluate the validity and relevance of ideas, arguments, hypotheses and evidence presented in a discussion. Identify and analyze the history, origin and usage of English words and phrases. Compare and analyze the use of symbol systems and expressions in other cultures’ languages. Use advanced computer skills to assist in the acquisition, organization, analysis and communication of information. Develop and apply criteria to evaluate various media messages. Develop and present various media products to inform or entertain real audiences across content areas. Evaluate the impact of various market factors on the effectiveness of media production and distribution. Evaluate audience feedback on the clarity, form, effectiveness, technical achievement and aesthetic appeal of media work. Use a research process to plan, conduct and...
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...citizens into the civilians the government wants them to be. He compares today's society to the scary futuristic community Orwell imagined. Lewis tells on how today's society is willing to give up freedom and their right to privacy because of fear. That the government uses fear to spy on everyone, he gives the example of the government using terrorism as way to spy on citizens through social media. With this article being opinion based, Beale makes it clear and understandable for the reader to see his viewpoint. It has a easy to read layout with bold titles making it clear on what each paragraph is about. The Fact that the article was published on CNN, makes it...
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...University of Phoenix Material Literature Compare and Contrast Table Select three literary works that you have read in class, and that you think are connected in at least one way through convention or device. Consider the following: theme, genre, literary technique, culture, use of literary devices such as symbolism, and how diction is used to suggest culture, class, ethnicity, historical period, or age. Use the three works you have selected to complete the Literature Compare and Contrast Table. |Literary Work: |#1 |#2 |#3 | |(insert titles) |The Glass Menagerie |Who Will Light The Incense When |Salvation | | | |Mother’s Gone? | | |Author |Tennessee Williams |Andrew Lam |Langston Hughes | |Genre |Play, tragedy. |Story, nonfiction |Story, nonfiction | |Technique |Drama, |Character |Visual settings, | | |Plot, Character, Setting, |Setting |Holds value, | | |Gestures. ...
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...I. Nonthematic Metaphoric Comparison Literary references for nonthematic comparison refer to a literary work, such as metaphors, in order to draw a comparison between persons or events in a legal case and characters or scenes in a literary work. Michael R. Smith, Advanced Legal Writing 253 (2d ed. 2008). The nonthematic metaphoric comparison has three key components. Id. First, the reference must have a comparison of a case and a literary work. Id. Second, it must contain a symbolic or figurative characteristic. Id. Lastly, the aspect of the literary work referred, either is not a major theme of the work, or does not support a major theme of the case. Id. For example, in In re Timmermann, 26 F.Supp. 600 (1939), District Judge McColloch made a metaphoric comparison of a legal case with the biblical story of Cain and Abel. This case was brought before the district court on a counter motion for an order staying foreclosure proceedings. In Timmerman, two brothers (John and Ernest) inherited a body of valuable wheat land from their parents. Id. at 600. Ernest borrowed $12,000, on the same property, solely to foreclose on a mortgage of $16,500, which John was unable to pay his share off in full. Id. This mortgage was then held by Ernest, but John offered to pay interest at the rate of 7% a year to keep taxes from becoming further delinquent. Id. John also assigned one half of the gross yield in grain to Ernest. Id. This assignment was reported by the county to yield...
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