...Clayton Partridge World History to 1750 Professor Schultz Colonization and the First Globalization In order for one to gain a better knowledge of how terrestrial and ocean colonization unfolded in the Americas, Siberia, Africa, and China, a person must first understand the definition of colonization. Simply put, colonization is an ongoing process of control by which a central system of power dominates the surrounding land and its components. This means that a foreign government moves into the land and seizes control; gaining power, natural resources, and a larger economy. In the year 1492, an Italian explorer by the name of Christopher Columbus set out on an expedition departing from Spain in search of a faster ocean route to reach Asia. Him and his crew set foot on an island in the Bahamas 36 days after deporting from Spain. While in the Bahamas, Columbus and his men visited a total of three islands and built a settlement on Hispaniola Island with salvaged wreckage from one of their ships. Convinced he had reached Asia, he then set sail back to Spain with the two remaining ships. Columbus failed to find what he set out for – a new route to Asia along with the riches it promised, and he passed away short of success in 1506. However, Columbus was still successful in other terms. He is credited with the discovery of the New World and opening the Americas for European colonization. Following Columbus’s discovery, European nations that were on the Atlantic Rim exploited...
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...in East Africa Unlike the Atlantic world, slavery in East Africa looked a little different. Slavery in Africa portrayed a complex use of labor, the exercise of rights in person, and of exploitation and coercion tempered by negotiation and accommodation. However the most common features on slavery in East Africa is the fact that it varies overtime and place. For instance, according to Miers and Roberts, “Slaves might be menial field workers, downtrodden servants, cherished concubines, surrogate kin, trusted trading agents, high officials, army commanders, ostracized social group dedicated to a deity…( 5). Perhaps the largest difference between slavery in East Africa versus slavery in the Atlantic world or the new world was the people who regulated slave trade. It is popularly known in African history that the British, French, Germans and the Spaniards played significant roles in the extrapolation of African people and their resources in the slave trade and, later, colonialism. However in East Africa, those who were in power were the Arab who, similar to the European colonial powers, found Africa to be abundant in profitable resources and sought to acquire the resources through free and forced slave labor in East Africa. Much like their European counterparts, the Arabs conducted slavery in the same repressive manner. In defining slavery, Frederick Cooper, in his book “Plantation Slavery on the East Coast of Africa” writes, “When comparing slavery in different historical contexts...
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...Europe had little trade contact with Africa or Asia. c. Europe remained marginal in Eurasian commerce. d. Europe had come to dominate Eurasian commerce. FEEDBACK: The determination of European elites to progress beyond their marginal position in Eurasian commerce was a main incentive for European exploration after 1450. (See section “The European Advantage” in your textbook.) 3. What was the single most important factor that aided the European conquest of the Americas? a. Gunpowder b. Disease c. Horses d. Superior organization FEEDBACK: The peoples of the Americas had no immunity to European disease and up to 90 percent of the population died after contact with the Europeans, greatly easing the process of conquest. (See section “The Great Dying” in your textbook.) 4. Which of the following is an old-world crop that was soon established in Europe’s American colonies? a. Tobacco b. Potatoes c. Corn d. Rice FEEDBACK: Rice is a Eurasian product that soon became an agricultural staple in many locations in the Americas. (See section “The Columbian Exchange” in your textbook.) 5. Which of the following was a consequence of the introduction of horses to the North American West? a. A male-dominated hunting and warrior culture displaced farming cultures in many areas. b. New hunting capability led to the near extinction of the North American bison. c. Horses made it possible for Native Americans...
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... [pic] This packet will guide you through the fourth unit in AP World History and prepare you for the reading quizzes, vocabulary quizzes, essays, and the unit test on January ___, 2010 You must complete ALL of the pages in the workbook by yourself to get credit; incomplete or incorrect work will result in a zero for the whole packet. Unit 4 Vocabulary Terms Quiz #1 1. Scientific Revolution (p. 410) 2. heliocentrism (p. 410) 3. sacrament (p. 396) 4. Renaissance (p. 405) 5. bourgeoisie (p. 413) 6. republic (p. 422) 7. Protestant Reformation (p. 406) 8. Jesuit (p. 409) 9. joint-stock companies (p. 415) 10. mercantilism (p. 468) Quiz #2 1. caravel (p. 384) 2. conquistadors (p. 394) 3. Columbian Exchange (p. 431) 4. maritime (p. 402) 5. manumission . (p.467) 6. coerced labor systems (p.475) 7. plantation cash crop (p.470) 8. tariffs (p.469) 9. indigenous (p.393) 10. encomiendas (p. 439) 11. serfs (p.529) 12. mestizo (pp. 442 – 45) Historical Thinking Skills: Periodization, Causation, Contextualization Timeline Exercise: Annotate the timeline with two facts about the important effects of each event Unit 3: 1450–1750 (Early Modern) 1453 Ottomans captured Constantinople; end of Byzantine 1450s Gutenberg’s Printing Press; Portuguese expand trade in West Africa: Benin, Kongo 1483 Babur conquered northern India, and...
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...water. The Mediterranean Sea separates it from Europe in the north; the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden lie between it and the Arabian Peninsula to the east. Two vast bodies of water—the Indian Ocean on the eastern side, and the even larger Atlantic on the west—surround the remainder of Africa. A Why Africa is important One of the greatest civilizations of all time, Egypt, was in Africa. Perhaps the only ancient civilizations that can be compared with it are those of Greece and Rome, which were influenced by it. Egypt, of course, has had its own chapter in this series; and Carthage, in North Africa, is also covered elsewhere. The focus of this chapter is entirely on Africa south of the Sahara 283 Map of Africa. XNR Productions. The Gale Group. Desert—that is, sub-Saharan Africa—as well as on the desert itself. That desert would have an impact on African history right up to the modern day; so, too, would the African civilizations of ancient times. There was the kingdom of Kush, which developed its own form of writing and briefly ruled Egypt; the kingdom of Aksum, an important trading center; and the Bantu peoples, who developed ironworking and spread it, along with their languages, throughout the southern part of the African continent. The origins of humankind Though there is much dispute regarding how humankind began, paleoanthropologists (pay-lee-oh-an-throhPAHL-uh-jistz; scientists who study human origins) generally agree that humanity originated in Africa...
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...Asian American Population Project Name:_Janice Reynolds_Unit 6, Korn_Leslie_ Capella University COUNS 5334 March 14, 2011 Janice Reynolds Abstract This Asian American Population project will critically evaluate the theories, methods and research in cross-cultural awareness that relates to the Asian American Population. This Asian American Population project t will analyzed the influence of culture on attitudes, values, perceptions, human behavior and the interpersonal relations to the Asian American Population. The writer will identify potential problem that Asian Americans encounter in a pluralistic society such as the United States of America. The personal competencies will be identified and analyzed to improve interaction with Asians American within a counseling professional setting. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Title Page 1 2. Abstract 2 3. Introduction 4 4. Define Asian American 5 5. Historical Antecedents 6 6. Potential Problems 7 7. Educational Reflection 8 8. Personal Competencies 8 10. Theories Identity Formation 9 11. Action Plan 10 12. References 11 13. Annotated Bibliography 12 In Espiritu (1992) as the United States becomes an increasingly diverse society, the need for understanding the psychological impact of the immigrant and second-generation experience...
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...South Africa is one of the most geographically varied countries of the African continent, comprising territory that ranges from the rolling, fertile plains of the highveld and the wide open savanna of the Eastern Transvaal to the Kalahari desert and the peaks of the Drakensberg Mountains. While all of its diverse regions offer ample opportunities for adventure travel, the focus in South Africa--as in much of sub-Saharan Africa--is the safari. In addition to possessing two of the world's most renowned wildlife reserves, the Kruger and the Kalahari Gemsbok National Parks, the country contains over a dozen smaller regional parks and reserves. In addition, with its excellent road and rail systems, its abundance of top-rated accommodations, and its bountiful farmlands and vineyards, South Africa allows visitors ample opportunity for more luxurious comfort along with adventuresome excitement. Location, Geography, & Climate South Africa is located, as one might expect, on the southern tip of Africa. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean on the west, the Indian Ocean on the south and east. Along its northern border, from west to east, lie Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe, and to the northeast are Mozambique and Swaziland. Wholly-enclosed by South Africa, and situated in its eastern central plain, is the independent kingdom of Lesotho. Almost all of South Africa's 472,000 square miles (1.2 million sq. km.) lie below the Tropic of Capricorn, and the country is geographically composed...
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...INTERNATIONAL TRADE (Course no: Mgt-310) TOPIC: ECONOMIC INTEGRATION SUBMITTED TO: Dr. MD. ATAUR RAHMAN PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF DHAKA SUBMITTED BY: GROUP: 08 ROLL: 127, 128, 141, 154, 211, 212, and 213 SEC-B, BBA 16TH BATCH DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF DHAKA DATE OF SUBMISSION: 09.07.12 ECONOMIC INTEGRATION CONTENTS SL. Topics No. 1. Meaning and level of Economic Integration 2. Objectives of Economic Integration 3. Importance of Economic Integration 4. Benefits from of Economic Integration 5. Arguments for of Economic Integration 6. Arguments against of Economic Integration 7. Economic Integration of Asia 8. Economic Integration of America 9. Economic Integration of Europe 10. Economic Integration of Africa 11. Modes of Economic Integration 12. Problems of Economic Integration 13 Danger of Economic Integration 1. Meaning and Level of Economic Integration: Meaning of Economic Integration: Economic Integration means agreements between groups of countries in a geographic region to reduce and ultimately remove tariff and non-tariff barriers to ensure free flow of goods, services and factors of production between each...
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...War of Roses: the House of York was fighting against the House of Lancaster for the English throne, which weakened the power of the English aristocracy. (Strasbourg l’europénne: 2014) Another aspect of the British history is that England, Scotland and Ireland are very different countries with different histories. Each kingdom favored a different form of religion. The English favored a moderate form of Protestantism, the Scottish were Calvinist and the Irish were stouthearted Catholics. But each kingdom also had strong minorities of other religions. The strongest minority group in England was the Catholics. Those religious differences were responsible for a lot of rebellions. For example in 1641, arms of Catholics in Ireland killed many hundreds of English and Scottish Protestants who had settled in their country. Religion always was a central issue of politicians and monarchs. (BBC: 2011) In the modern world, 1714 to present,...
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...African Culture And Personality: Bad Social Science, Effective Social Activism, Or A Call To Reinvent Ethnology? James E. Lassiter Abstract BACKGROUND This paper surveys and assesses the writings of selected African scholars on what they regard to be pan-African culture and personality traits, and patterns and processes of African cultural adaptation (1). Suggestions are also made for reinventing the study of African social, cultural and psychological characteristics, and using such knowledge to help solve socioeconomic problems in Africa. Finally, comments are made regarding the impact of sociocultural particularism and Western individualism on the study of culture and cultural evolution. During the late 1950s and 1960s, national character and typical personality studies were broadly condemned, breathed their last gasp, and were ultimately relegated to the dustbin of bad social science. Since that time, various African scholars outside the social sciences have nevertheless been sustaining and redirecting group personality inquiry. They are not, however, approaching their subject as did Western social scientists in the first half of this century who used questionnaire instruments to determine if Africans were "traditional" or "modern" (2). This was a particularly popular approach among Western occupational psychologists working in Africa in the 1950s and 1960s who sought to scientifically assign statistical coefficients of modernization to African populations. They did this...
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... THE ARAWAKS (Theme One) PAPER: CORE CONTENT----BAHAMIAN-WEST INDIAN HISTORY References: Bahamian History Bk.I by Bain, G. Macmillan,1983 2.Caribbean story Bk. I and II By Claypole, W Longman (new edition) 1987 3. Development to Decolonization by Greenwood R, Macmillan, 1987 4.Caribbean people Bk.I by Lennox Honeychurch. Nelson, 1979 The Migration of the Indians to the New World. It is believed that the people who Columbus saw when he came to the New World were nomadic hunters from central and East Asia who followed the buffalo and deer. When the herds moved, people moved after them because they were dependent on the animals for food. It is therefore suspected that the herds led the people out of Asia by the north-east, across the Bering Strait and into North America. They crossed the sea by an ice –bridge when it was frozen over during the last Ice-Age. They did not know that they were crossing water from one continent to another. Map 1 Amerindians migration from central Asia into North America. The Amerindians settled throughout North America and were the ancestors of the many Red Indian tribes we know today, as well as the Eskimos in the far north. In general, they were nomadic but some followed settled agricultural pursuits and developed civilizations of their own like the Mayas in South America (check internet reference for profile on this group, focus on level of development, structure of society, religion). The migration continued...
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...also some loss in business for high demand products during turnover time as buyers wait for new shipments. Condensed Recommendation: L’Oreal should carefully select a CEO candidate who has experience in global management and the ability to spot trends. L’Oreal should proceed with the potential takeover of Japanese Shu Uemura, but they should reconsider the Nivea takeover as it may open them to a potential takeover threat. They should continue with their global expansion by developing new brands to meet particular ethnicities, perhaps aiming to catch the South American market as they have done with the African market. They should also flesh out their dermocosmetics products lines to increase the low 6% revenue in that area. Problem L’Oreal has experienced unprecedented success through global expansion into new beauty-product markets, under the direction of Owen Jones, who became a chairman in 1988. In 2006, Owen Jones plans to retire, so there is some speculation on how things may change with his successor. Currently there are a number of business maneuvers L’Oreal is considering: the friendly takeover of Japanese brand Shu Uemura, the bid for German Nivea, and the sale of their 19.5% interest in Sanofi-Synthelabo. There is also a potential takeover threat from Nestle, as they have a 26% interest in the L’Oreal; and the potential takeover threat from Beiersdorf/Tchibo Group, who have a 30% interest in Nivea, so if L’Oreal buys into Nivea they could expose themselves...
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...Watching news and conversing lightly at the University Cafeteria one cold evening, my peers and I inadvertently reflected upon our dear continent Africa. Where exactly, have we lost it at? Africa’s history is indeed replete with creativity, resilience and nobility. Traditionally, Africa has been home to great leadership. Despite leading in extremely difficult internal circumstances and facing external interference, a good number of the first and second generation post-colonial African leaders have left behind impressive legacies. The likes of Nelson Mandela of South Africa, Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana, Julius Nyerere of Tanzania, Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt, to name but four. They proved to be African leaders who rose to the occasion and met the challenges of their time - even if the degree to which they were or were not successful in that regard may be debatable....
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...point Climate South Africa enjoys a generally warm, temperate climate. Most of the country experiences light rainfall and long hours of sunshine Gamskapoortdam, dry lands, Little Karoo De Beers diamond mines, Kimberley Table Mountain, South Africa 2 Natural RegionsHighest peak-Njesuthi, a peak of the Drakensberg(11,306 ft). The plateau region – The High Veld (southern continuation of the great African plateau that stretches north to the Sahara. The Middle Veld The Bush Veld. Rivers and Lakes- Orange, Vaal, and Limpopo. The Orange is the longest, stretching about 2,100 km (about 1,300 mi). Washing sand for diamonds on the banks of the Vaal River orange river Baobab Tree, Limpopo, Musina 3 3 million years -Area inhabited by early humans. 5th century AD -Bantu-speaking people 1600s -Europeans known as Boers or Afrikaners began to dispossess and enslave local people 1800s -Intertribal warfare plagued Bantu tribes (1899-1902) -Boer War pitted British against Afrikaners. 1912 -establishment of the African National Congress 1948- Apartheid was codified 1967 -The discovery of...
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...8 Creolization in Anthropological Theory and in Mauritius Thomas Hylland Eriksen A great amount of intellectual energy has been invested in cultural mixing during the last decades. Reacting against an idea of boundedness, internal homogeneity, and stability that has been associated with mainstream twentieth-century anthropology, hundreds—possibly thousands—of anthropologists have tried to redefine, reform, revolutionize, or even relinquish that abhorred “C” word—”culture.” The range of engagement is suggested in the apparent congruence between postmodernist American anthropologists (for example, Clifford & Marcus 1986) and their now classic critique of the Geertzian notion of cultural integration, and the older European critique of the structural-functionalist idea of social integration, which was led by people such as Barth (1966), whose rationalism and naturalism is everything but postmodernist. In both cases, presuppositions of integrated wholes, cultures or social structures, have been debunked. From being a discipline concentrating its efforts on understanding nonliterate societies, often implicitly positing the uncontaminated aborigine as its hero, anthropology increasingly studies cultural impurity and hybridity, and the dominant normative discourse in the field has shifted from defending the cultural rights of small peoples to combating essentialism and reifying identity politics. While this development has been important and necessary for a variety of reasons,...
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