a) One sound substitution that appears to occur systematically is when Michael replaces the “k” sound with a “t” sound. An example of this is Michael’s pronunciation of “kiss”, which sounds like “tis”. He also demonstrates this switch between “k” and “t” with his own name, Michael, and the words “clean” and “cow”.

b) Consonant clusters seem to get different treatment from Michael depending on the letters involved. Two consonant clusters, “st” and “sp”, which show up in the words “star” and “spoon”, tend to result in Michael eliminating the letter s from his pronunciation. Michael therefore says, “tar” and “poon” for those two words respectively. For the consonant cluster “pl”, Michael eliminates the letter “l”. Therefore, in the word “plane”, Michael eliminates the “l” and pronounces it “pane”. He alternates between eliminating the first consonant and eliminating the second consonant.

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Michael seems to have followed a similar system to Sarah. This can be observed when the consonant clusters “st”, “sp” and “pl” are compared.

d) Based on my observations, I think Michael would pronounce the word “blame” as “bame” and the word “scale” as “tale”. The “k” sound conversion would likely still hold true in this