Premium Essay

Complex Interdependence

In:

Submitted By sadiazubair
Words 5584
Pages 23
Complex Interdependence
In 1970s, a new perspective known as transnational relations arose to question realism key assumptions of state as main and the only actor of world politics. This theory gave a new analytical framework to understand the international relations which was contrary to the state centric paradigm of realism. With complex interdependence as its central concept, this theoretical analysis advanced “synthesis of liberal + realist perspectives by constructing a way of looking at world politics and also the idea of institutionalism to foster cooperation”. It is asked how under conditions of complex interdependence world politics would be different than under realist conditions means this analysis ask to see “ what realism overlooked”.
The phenomenon of Interdependence is not new; states have always been interdependent on each other for their economic functions and especially for security purposes. We have seen the complicated interdependence among states in the alliance system to achieve their political ends before First World War. The earliest example of interdependence comes from Norman Angell’s “The great illusion (1910) when he said the economic interdependence will minimize the occurrence of war on the basis of cost-benefit analysis.”
Countries are dependent on each other for trade and transaction, they interact globally e.g. flow of money, goods, people and messages across international boundaries but all transactions among countries are not characterized by interdependence because???
Where there is reciprocal costly effect of transactions, there is interdependence” If no costly effect so only interconnectedness.” If we try to explain the term interdependence, so in a very simple word we can say it means mutual independence on each other which results in mutual benefit, When the well being of a state depends on the cooperation of a second state,

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

How Global, Corporate, and Community Values Servant Leadership

...How Global, Corporate, and Community Values Servant Leadership Cathy R. Palmer Charleston Southern University Introduction Leadership is all about harnessing people power for the attainment of a desired goal and thus the concept of leadership cannot be restricted to the Organizational context. It pervades through all realms of society, whether it be in politics, religion or the corporate world. I am conducting a case study on the Values of Servant Leadership globally, corporate, and community. I will be taking into consideration the state of global affairs, the state of U.S. corporate affairs, small businesses, and the society around us, what is true value of servant leadership, both to corporate world and to the community at large? Global Affairs Management is no longer constrained by national borders. There is significant importance from globalization, and the world has definitely become the global village. Managers in organization of all sizes and types around the world have to confront the challenges of operating in the global market. Managers face challenges due to an array of environmental factor while doing business. He must effectively plan, organize, lead, control and manage cultural difference to be globally successfully. Creativity is the first step on the road to innovation, and has become vital for an organization to survive given the complexity of global change. Creativity is the ability to produce new ideas through imagination and...

Words: 1609 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

Role of Manager

...six individuals or groups who are the most important, who are critical to your ability to fulfil the requirements of your job. (This description could include such things as formal organisational position, demographics such as age or gender, personality, or pattern of interaction with you.) If you have only identified people inside your own organisation, you should briefly explain why people outside your organisation have not been considered. 4. Briefly describe the nature of the interdependency that exists between you and these critical groups or individuals. That is: in what way do you rely on each other? What do you expect from these groups and individuals? What do they expect from you? You may wish to include formal concepts of interdependence (eg pooled/sequential/reciprocal)...

Words: 456 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Management Accounting

...Research and Application 1-9 [LO1, LO3] Answer 1: Whole Foods Market’s strategy primarily focuses on Customer Intimacy. In evidence to this, we can see in the Declaration of Interdependence which states: “Our Customers are the most important stakeholder in our business. Therefore, we go the extraordinary lengths to satisfy and delight our customers. We want to meet or exceed their expectations on every shopping trip. We know that by doing so we turn customers into advocates for whole foods. We guarantee our customers 100% product satisfaction or their money will be refunded. They believe: • Customers are the lifeblood of their business and they are interdependent on each other. • Customers are the primary motivation for their work — they are not an interruption of our work. • Customers are people who bring them their wants and desires and their primary objective is to satisfy them as best they can — they are not people to argue or match wits with. • Customers are fellow human beings with feelings and emotions like their own; they are equals to be treated with courtesy and respect at all times.” Answer 2: “Competition” is the main business risk that whole foods face that may threaten its ability to satisfy stockholder expectations. The main competitor of Whole Foods Market is Johnson & Johnson. Some of the other risks are as follows: • Their growth is partially dependent on new store openings and acquisitions • They may experience significant fluctuations in our...

Words: 638 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Framework

...A Framework for Linking the Structure of Information Systems with Organizational Requirements for Information Sharing Author(s): Sunro Lee and Richard P. Leifer Reviewed work(s): Source: Journal of Management Information Systems, Vol. 8, No. 4 (Spring, 1992), pp. 27-44 Published by: M.E. Sharpe, Inc. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40397996 . Accessed: 18/03/2013 20:56 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. . M.E. Sharpe, Inc. is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Management Information Systems. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded on Mon, 18 Mar 2013 20:56:30 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions A Framework Linking Structure for the of with Information Systems Organizational for Requirements Information Sharing LEE P. SUNRO ANDRICHARD LEDFER in candidate Management Information at Sunro Lee is a doctoral Systems Rensselaer His research interests include Institute. current issuesin methodological Polytechnic andtesting, decision information...

Words: 6895 - Pages: 28

Premium Essay

What Is Joint Interdependence

...What is Joint Interdependence Anyway? Colonel Christopher R. Paparone, U.S. Army, and James A. Crupi, Ph.D. HERE IS MUCH ADO lately about the concept of “joint interdependence” in future military operations. More than one four-star general has praised Operation Desert Storm’s joint deconfliction; that is, the conduct of relatively independent service operations orchestrated in space and time so as not to interfere with each other, as in air operations deconflicted with ground operations. In Operation Iraqi Freedom, U.S. forces achieved more joint interoperability with a variety of forces working together to a greater degree because processes were clear, such as using U.S. Air Force close air support in lieu of U.S. Army artillery. But, generals say the future of jointness is interdependence, with no service operating independently and all relying on each other’s capabilities to be successful. We are not completely satisfied with this vision of future joint interdependence. We are concerned that military leaders might inadvertently miss the leadership and organizational implications associated with interdependence. Instead of the discussion oriented on deconfliction, interoperability, and interdependence, we propose a more meaningful way to talk about the continuum of interdependence. We believe there are varying degrees of interdependence, each of which affects differently how the military organizes, leads, and achieves. The concept of interdependence might be best understood...

Words: 2252 - Pages: 10

Free Essay

Jigsaw Groups and the Desegregated Classroom: in Pursuit of Common Goals

...Desegregated Classroom study has changed the viewpoints of teachers nationwide but hasn’t necessarily produced as many positive results as initially expected by social scientists over 25 years ago (Aronson & Bridgeman, 2011, p. 425). This largely has to do with the fact that our nation has continued to diversify itself and has presented itself with that many more prejudices since that time. Many argue that one of the major reasons for the ultimate failure was due to the over emphasis on competitiveness at the expense of interdependence in the classroom setting (Aronson & Bridgeman, 2011, p. 425). In turn, the typical student in a classroom today rarely strives to cooperate with others in pursuit of common goals. This article explains Aronson and Bridgeman describe a program designed for elementary school students forced to spend part of their time in the classroom mastering material in an interdependent structure. The findings showed that this structured interdependence increased the overall self-esteem, the morale and the interpersonal attractions as well as the empathy of students across ethnic and racial divisions (Aronson & Bridgeman, 2011, p. 434). Their program also improved the academic performance of minority students without altering the performance of the ethnic minority (Aronson & Bridgeman, 2011, p. 434).  Initially I found the article to be frustrating due to the fact that their research was based from 25 years ago, however after reading the entire study I...

Words: 504 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Globalization

...Globalization is necessary in the world. Different theories on the concept of globalization provide distinct reasons on the need for globalization. The world’s advancements and technology help drive the need for globalization. Communities and organizations alike are affected by globalization, and smaller countries benefit from the generosity of larger participants in the world’s market. Globalization, in the business sense, is to make a product or service available in the global market. Any investment that is across national borders is also part of globalization.... [tags: Business International Globalization] 1326 words (3.8 pages) $6.95 [preview] The Implications of Hyperglobalist Globalization on World Regions - Even though the globalization skeptics and the transformationalists both have viable interpretations of globalization, I believe that the hyperglobalist perspective is the most accurate. The evidence for hyperglobalization is found all over the world, but for the purposes of this paper, I will focus on the expansion of NAFTA, the 2004 Indian Elections, and the increasing global outsourcing of labor. I will then outline the implications of hyperglobalist globalization on world regions and the regional approach.... [tags: Globalization ] :: 4 Works Cited 1208 words (3.5 pages) $19.95 [preview] Globalization and Interconnectivity - Fast Globalization and interconnectivity create the major driving force in creating and enhancing chance. Therefore, the society...

Words: 537 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Management

...MGMT101 Introduction to Management The Contemporary Workplace Week 01 – Lecture 01 Last Sessions …  Any Questions about the Course Outline …  Any Questions about the Course in General … 2 Course Announcements: 1. Tutorials Next Week – Attend Your Tutorial Slots … 2. … 3. … 4. … 5. … 6. … 7. … 8. … 3 The contemporary workplace Learning objectives: • What are the challenges in the contemporary workplace? • What are organisations like in the contemporary workplace? • Who are managers and what do they do? • What is the management process? • How do you learn the essential managerial skills and competencies? 4 Working in today’s economy • A new workplace. ‒ Organisations changing, nature of work changing; work-life balance; ‒ Learning new skills required; high performance expectations • Today’s economy is a networked economy (Internet) • The new economy is a global economy. National economies are becoming increasingly interdependent. • Organisations are expected to continuously excel on performance criteria (Innovation, Employee development; social responsibility; profitability and investment value) • For individuals, there are no guarantees of long-term employment (Initiative and continuous learning needed to stay in charge of your own career) 5 Intellectual capital • Employees represent the firm’s intellectual capital. The challenge is to combine the talents of many people, sometimes thousands, to achieve unique and significant results...

Words: 320 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Organisational Behaviour

...Assessment details and criteria Task-1 The manager’s job in context (Individual Report) Worth 20 Due in week 5. 1800 words Attention! Submit your assignment online via Moodle (Turnitin). Late submission without a valid reason will attract penalty @ 10% per day. The purpose of the task This task is designed to develop your awareness of: • the complexity of the managerial role; • the reliance of a manager on other people both inside and outside the organisation; • the necessary interaction of both informal/interpersonal factors and formal/ organisational factors in fulfilling organisational purposes. Further it is designed to develop and test your capacity to: • deconstruct the organisationally prescribed view of managerial work and its context; • conceptualise the systemic nature of managerial work; and • comprehend, interpret and execute a specific task description (or ‘project brief’). The manager’s job in context: task description  Undertake an analysis of your own job and its context. If you do not have managerial (or similar) experience, or if for some other reason it is not appropriate to analyse your own job, you may choose instead the job of another individual who agrees to be the focus of this assignment (current job). Alternatively, you may discuss with your lecturer/ tutor the possibility of analysing a position you held in the past. Your lecturer must approve your choice. You may change (or withhold) the names of people or organizations...

Words: 630 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Global Communication

...Situation Analysis Issue and Opportunity Identification Global Communication stock value has decreased of over 50% in the last 3 years. Consumer speculation over the Communication Industry’s ability to recover from such a decrease has forced the industry to become creative in order to survive. The greatest contributing factor to this decrease is competition. Not only are communication companies’ competing locally, nationally, but globally, for customer business; the Cable Industry has entered the market offering complete solutions. Stakeholder Perspectives/Ethical Dilemmas Within Global Communications there are multiple conflicts present. Beginning with the Shareholders who have a vested interest in seeing Global Communication profitable and regain lost market share have created conflicts with the employees and the Union. The Shareholders have a right to do whatever they choose (agree to outsource) but cannot violate the rights of the employees in the process. The Shareholders agreed to outsource the technical call centers to Ireland and India which impacts the employees’ job security. Organizational commitment is in jeopardy with this move because “layoff threats are one of the greatest blows to employee loyalty, even among those whose jobs are not immediately at risk.” (McShane, S. L. (2005). Organizational behavior (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. p128) Share holders then approved the immediate hiring of 1,000 highly qualified sales personnel, which not only...

Words: 681 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Outline

...Question 1 – Looks at Nayyars framework * Look at keywords * What is the essay about? Consider & Discuss: * Interdependence/Dependence * Economic imbalances amongst countries in a Globalized economy * The first half of the essay * How this fits in a globalized economy? * Close reading of the Nayyar article (If you make this clear you don’t have to reference all the time) * Clearly introduce Nayyar’s framework to understanding Globalisation (What is his framework for understanding globalisation?) * Once you introduced that, then what ever your saying is not what you are making up but what you are considering within what he has established, so explicitly say this is what Nayyar says, so you know what you are discussing. * While you doing that you can say I think he is wrong in this and that, be critical – Critical Analysis – Give you own perspective * Once you have identified the main elements driving the globalisation process – You need to consider than: * How far there has been a process of deglobalisation? * What trends have existed in the past several years? * Have things gone into reverse? (Just because we have Financial Crisis, does that mean that Globalisation has gone into reverse? * If so * Is it a short term/medium term/temporary/ * Are they going to learn from this? Is this part of growing up? Once we come in join the Globalisation process, is this...

Words: 331 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Baseball

...Participation Assignment 1 The group I chose to reflect on for this assignment is the baseball team here at Western New England University, my freshman year in particular. When reminiscing back on the 2011 season, I can recall many specific qualities of Keyton’s criteria that this group displayed. As a freshman, I paid close attention to our group who exhibited many qualities of leadership and aspiration, goals that I hope to impose upon my under classmen. With respect to size, the team barley fit Keyton’s threshold, usually carrying no more than 19 players on average throughout the season. The group was interdependent, and heavily relied on the next man to “step up” and make a play. In order for a successful baseball team, interdependence is required, and our actions and energy often influenced each other to succeed. The team shared one particular but strenuous goal: winning a national championship. This goal is impossible to be achieved with one person, but large enough to require everyone’s participation. With regards to group identity, our team was a tight knit unit. Respect was earned and given where needed and the team acted as a large family, eating meals together and hanging out off the field as well. The task of our team, winning a championship was agreed upon by most of our team. Those members with less significant roles and “weren’t there mentally” bringing down our morale. Our structure and roles were both predetermined by our coach, the leader of...

Words: 294 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Specialst

...negotiating interdependence as it does with exercising formal authority.” Give an example of good management practice where the manager has negotiated interdependencies instead of exercising formal authority. This statement basically means that, managers’ are becoming more dependent on others in the workplace to assure that work is done accordingly. This allows management to get connected with their team openly and freely. The manager and the team build a working relationship to accomplish many goals and challenges within the job functions. When management steps out and allow their staff to connect with them it brings on a many changes within the workplace that demonstrates positive energy. Management have to work with their staff in order to provide them with resources that’s necessary to complete their duties. If there isn’t guidance from management to assist the team, then majority of the failure falls upon management and not the team. When the manager and team starts to connect, the team starts to see a person and not just a boss who gives orders. The team then starts to talk more. The manager gets to learn more about issues before they become dilemmas. This interdependence between management and staff, builds trust as the staff communications on daily jobs functions within the workplace. This allows management to build their business knowledge by knowing on a daily basis what functions and processes are taking place around them. Management interdependence also allow...

Words: 407 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Competition in School

...towards it or compete with others if they want to outshine. They will learn to sharpen their mind in order to stay ahead. His performance is carried into his working life. However, on the negative side, loosing in a competition can be so humbling that the students fall into depression. They may begin to lose self-confidence and question their capability. A student who is always at the top will be under pressure to either maintain his position or to do even better. It can be rather stressful. In this sense, it is not healthy to be too competitive. One can only do one’s best. For students who are not so bright but who are satisfied with their mediocre achievement, such competitive spirit may make them develop an inferiority complex. As a...

Words: 360 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Reflection

...GUIDANCE & COUNSELING PRE FINALS Princess Shelly Ann Carla Aguiman AB Math Maalaala Mo Kaya(MMK) October 5, 2013 Episode tells about the story of Joan Panopio, the news anchor of TV Patrol Southern Tagalog. Joan came from a family which was not well-off, yet, she kept her high spirits as a child. As a kid, she has dreamed about joining the annual “Sagala”. Yet, because of her physical appearance, she never got a shot at it. She was also insulted and teased because of her looks. Yet, her father always tells her that she is beautiful. She was also discriminated because of their family’s economic status. Her dream was to be the next Korina Sanchez. When she got to college, she took Developmental Communication, a course that would help her get closer to fulfilling her dream. She thought she already lives in an environment where people would accept her no matter what she is. Yet, her classmates still discriminate her, even letting her join a beauty pageant only to make fun of her. Because of that, she regained her childhood fears. As a practicumer, she still experienced the discrimination. These experiences only discouraged her with her dream. She graduated, but she worked in a DVD rental store, a work which is very far from her course. She met a man who eventually became her boyfriend. Her father misjudged him, thinking that Greg influenced her to stay in their town instead of applying for her dream job at Manila. Because of this event, she and her father drifted apart....

Words: 751 - Pages: 4