...AFRICA DEVELOPMENT AND RESOURCES RESEARCH INSTITUTE (ADRRI) JOURNAL (www.adrri.org) ISSN: 2343-6662 VOL. I,No.1, pp 16-22,October, 2013 AFRICA DEVELOPMENT AND RESOURCES RESEARCH INSTITUTE (ADRRI) JOURNAL ADRRI JOURNAL (www.adrri.org) ISSN: 2343-6662 VOL. I,No.1, pp 16-22,October, 2013 Effectiveness of NAIP with special reference to livestock Based IFS interventions among the Tribal beneficiaries Dr. K.L. Dangi* Ramesh Kumar Damor** and Santosh Devi Samota*** * Professor, Department of Extension Education, RCA, Udaipur-313001 (Raj.). India * *& *** Ph.D Schilar, Department of Extension Education, RCA, Udaipur-313001 (Raj.). India Abstract Six year ambitious agricultural research Programme was launched in India on 6th July, 2006, which is known as National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP), the project focused on innovations in agricultural technology. The NAIP was implemented in four districts of southern Rajasthan state viz., Banswara, Dungarpur, Sirohi and Udaipur. Two clusters of Dungarpur district were selected for the present study. These were (a) Faloj and (b) Bichhiwara. Total 10 villages out of 15 villages (under NAIP) were selected proportionately on random basis for inclusion in the study. Total size of sample was of 104 respondents. It was found that 95 (91.35 per cent) of the farmers were of their face values expressing strengths of NAIP with moderate extent. Negligible respondents 5 (4.81 per cent) and 4 (3.84 per cent) could be observed falling under high...
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...Household Waste Composting & MSW Recycling in Sri Lanka H.S.Premachandra Assistant Director Central Environmental Authority Sri Lanka premch@cea.lk Asia 3R Conference Tokyo 29 Oct to 01 Nov 2006 Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Introduction Total collection of MSW by local authorities in Sri Lanka is around 2900 tones/day Around 60% [1663 tones] collected in the Western Province[ 9 provinces in Sri Lanka] Around 43% [1257 tones] collected in Colombo District Around 25% [ 700 tones] collected within Colombo Municipal limits, the most urbanized area Legal responsibility of MSW management is with Local Authorities [There are 311 Local Authorities] No proper management of MSW except few cases where compost and biogas produced In most of cases MSW being dumped haphazard manner creating several negative environmental impacts Different Ranges of Daily MSW Collection[tones/day]2005 Ranges[tones/day] Up to 1 1-2 2-5 5-10 10-20 20-50 50-100 100-150 >150 Number of Local Authorities 111 48 76 26 23 19 5 2 1 Total Number of Local Authorities 111 Average Composition of MSW of Sri Lanka Item Biodegradable[short term] Paper Wooden Saw dust/paddy husk & cloth/garments waste Biodegradable[long term] Polythene & plastic Demolition wastes Metals Slaughter house wastes Glass Other Percentage 56.57 6.47 6.35 6.04 5.94 5.91 3.89 2.76 2.34 2.03 1.68 Total 100 National Strategy of Solid Waste Management Prioritize waste avoidance over recycling...
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...of solid waste per day. (Master Composter) Estimates show that every Sunday, more than 500,000 trees are used to produce eighty eight percent of newspapers, much which is not recycled. (Master Composter) Estimates show that American’s throw away enough office paper to build a twelve foot high wall from Los Angeles, California to New York City. (Master Composter) 2.5 million plastics bottles per hour are used by Americans in which only a small percentage is recycled. (Master Composter) There is enough iron and steel thrown out to supply all of America’s auto markets and enough aluminum to rebuild the entire air fleet every three months. (Master Composter) Americans dispose 24 million tons of leaves and grass clippings every way, which by the way can be composted. (Master Composter) Much of this space taken up could be limited if everyone would just recycle what can be recycled and compost what can be composted. Composting in Vermont is making substantial headway since the passing of the Universal Recycling Law which calls for all food scraps to be out of trash by July, 1, 2020. Many companies have already started to compost to adhere to new regulations put into place. Wayside restaurant in Montpelier started composting once the new law was introduced. Brian Zecchinelli has seventy employees, all of whom participate in the mission to reduce waste, conserve energy, prevent pollution and transportation efficiencies, and promote sustainability. (Zecchinelli) Vermont’s universal...
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...COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE AGRONOMIC VALUE OF VERMICAST TO CONVENTIONAL COMPOST AND A SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE TO CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS by Marjonel F. Marges A Research Study presented to the faculty of Lumampong National High School-Indang Annex, Indang, Cavite in partial fulfillment of the requirements in Research I INTRODUCTION Food Production is is the process of transforming raw ingredients into prepared food products. Food production includes industries that take raw food products and convert them into marketable food items. Synthetic fertilizers are commonly used for growing all crops, with application rates depending on the soil fertility, usually as measured by a soil test and according to the particular crop. Studies have shown that application of nitrogen fertilizer on off-season cover crops can increase the biomass (and subsequent green manure value) of these crops, while having a beneficial effect on soil nitrogen levels for the main crop planted during the summer season. Nutrients in soil can be thrown out of balance with high concentrations of fertilizers. The interconnectedness and complexity of this soil ‘food web’ means any appraisal of soil function must necessarily take into account interactions with the living communities that exist within the soil. Stability of the system is reduced by the use of nitrogen containing fertilizers, which cause soil acidification. Applying excessive amounts of fertilizer has negative environmental effects, and wastes...
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...Urban Waste Management Solid wastes are those organic and inorganic waste materials produced by various activities of the society, which have lost their value to the first user. Improper disposal of solid wastes pollutes all the vital components of the living environment (i.e., air, land and water) at local and global levels. There has been a significant increase in MSW (municipal solid waste) generation in India in the last few decades. This is largely because of rapid population growth and economic development in the country. Due to rapid growth of urban population, as well as constraint in resources, the management of solid waste poses a difficult and complex problem for the society and its improper management gravely affects the public health and degrades environment. The population of Mumbai grew from around 8.2 million in 1981 to 12.3 million in 1991, registering a growth of around 49%. On the other hand, MSW generated in the city increased from 3200 ton per day to 5355 ton per day in the same period registering a growth of around 67% (CPCB 2000). This clearly indicates that the growth in MSW in our urban centers has outpaced the population growth in recent years. This trend can be ascribed to our changing lifestyles, food habits, and change in living standards. Waste referred as rubbish, trash, garbage, or junk is unwanted or unusable material. According to European councils’ directive “Waste is any substance or object which the holder discards or intends or is required...
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...waste has been recycling, reducing, and reusing. While these are all important tools in waste reduction, a new way of thinking about waste needs to occur; a fourth R: “Rethinking” means that waste doesn’t have to be a part of the consumption cycle at all (Roseland). While we have a very long way to go in achieving this zero-waste idea, we can still start by rethinking all aspects of a production process; starting with the initial design process down to reusing or recycling all by-products. The City of Eugene is doing its part in Recycling, Reducing and Reusing, as well as Rethinking about waste by partnering with local non-profits and schools to educate the community in resource conservation as well as providing recycling services and composting programs. The budget for Solid Waste and Recycling in Eugene accounts for 0.3% of the total budget, or $1,476 for the year. There are four major sectors and program coordinators working for the City’s waste management and recycling department: • Stephanie Scafa- Zero Waste Analyst for the Waste Prevention and Green Building Program • Anne Donahue- Compost and Urban Agriculture • Nancy Young- Solid Waste Analyst for the Waste Prevention Program • Ethan Nelson- Recycling contact for Waste Prevention and Green Building Program Roseland suggests many tools and initiatives in waste management that local government can use to Rethink, Reduce, and Reuse. One being a Waste Reduction Awards Program; in Eugene we have the TrashBuster Award...
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...PHILIPPINE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT The Philippines generates about 10,000 million tons of solid waste per year and only 12 percent of the waste is recycled and re-used. The single most dominant issue for solid waste management (SWM) is the inadequacy of disposal facilities. Presently, open dumping is still the most common waste disposal method as controlled dumpsites and sanitary landfills (SLFs) are very limited. The opportunities presented by this serious environmental problem to suppliers of solid waste management products and equipment are enormous. The potential, however, is tempered by inadequate funds and technical capability, lack of political will and other problems. Despite the limitations, the market for SWM is still expected to grow five percent in the next three years. The major end-users of SWM products and equipment are the local government units and their private contractors as well as private proponents of SWM projects. The equipment cost and the source of project funding are major purchase considerations of end-users. Overview Solid waste is an environmental problem that has reached critical proportions in the Philippines. Due to a growing population, rapidly increasing consumption and increasing urbanization, waste generated in the Philippines is estimated at 19,700 tons per day. Projections show that waste generation will increase 47 percent by 2010, or 28,875 tons per day. SWM is the responsibility of local government units...
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...Sponsored by: The Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India, New Delhi. NSWAI ENVIS FROM THE PRESIDENT’S DESK • SEVENTH ISSUE • FEBRUARY, 2007 Decomposition and stabilization of solid organic waste material has been taking place in th The 7 issue of NSWAI-ENVIS newsletter portrays two nature ever since life appeared on this planet. With the progress of civilization and advancements of topics : scientific knowledge, efforts are being directed 1. Carbon Credits in India 2. Bio-bin composting towards rationalizing and controlling the process in This is in continuance with the topics discussed in such a way as to make it more effective and efficient. Bio-bin is one such system of composting which is our earlier newsletters. effective in terms of time and space. This topic is Day by day the cycle of climate on earth is changing. discussed in our second article, “Bio-bin composting” Global warming has led to season shifting, changing I hope that the newsletter will serve the landscapes, rising sea levels, increased risk of drought and floods, stronger storms, increase in heat purpose of understanding the above subjects in a related illness and diseases all over the world. This better and proficient manner. has resulted due to emissions of Green House Gases – Dr. Amiya Kumar Sahu (GHG’s) from various anthropogenic activities. Since the inception of Kyoto Protocol in the year 1997, Carbon Credits in India countries all over the world have become more Our earth...
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...(CEMP), prepared this case under the guidance of Stuart Hart, director of CEMP and assistant professor of Corporate Strategy and Organizational Behavior at the U-M School of Business Administration, as the basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of an adminstrative situation. This document may be used by either students or faculty for background information. Introduction Rooted in Ray Kroc’s founding principles of Quality, Service, Cleanliness & Value (Q.S.C.&V.), McDonald’s management has always believed in being a leader in issues that affect their customers. This philosophy is evident in McDonald’s involvement in various community projects regarding education, health care, medical research, and rehabilitation facilities. These activities help the corporation to extend their image beyond fun and entertainment into social responsibility. However, in the late 1980s, McDonald’s began to face criticism for its environmental policies, especially those surrounding polystyrene clamshell containers. In 1987, McDonald’s replaced CFCs, the blowing agent used in clamshell production, with weaker HCFC-22’s after facing public criticism that CFC usage was contributing to ozone depletion. But this change was not enough for many grass-roots environmental groups that, led by the Citizens Clearinghouse for Hazardous Waste (CCHW), united in establishing a “Ronald McToxic Campaign” consisting of restaurant picketers and an organized effort to...
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...A. I. Raju, K. Ramya Jyothi, M.Satya (2014) Bulky combustible materials are compacted through various means for making fuel. Several researches are being carried out for making fuel briquettes for industrial applications as well as domestic cooking. The main reason behind this extensive research is the need to address the environmental consequences and health hazards associated with the use of solid fuels (such as fuel wood and coal. It is also an effective means to manage the agrowaste. Among the common type briquettes commonly used in some countries are biomass briquettes, coal briquettes and charcoal briquettes etc. It has been found that the mixing of coal and biomass produce a briquette with better combustion properties and pollutant emission compared to conventional coal briquettes. The briquette produced by this process is known as bio-coal briquettes. Biocoal briquette is a type of solid fuel prepared by compacting pulverized coal, biomass, binder and sulphur fixation agent. The coal and the biomass particles are sandwiched...
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...NEED FOR WATERLESS COMPOST TOILETS ABSTRACT: Problem Statement – I have dedicated my paper to highlight dangerous model of sanitation system in our country. Approach- My Approach is a mix of case studies, surveys, research, analysis and findings done in a direction to reach an alternate solution that could replace present toilets. Conclusion- This paper concludes that Waterless compost toilet is the answer for today’s major health problems. Keywords- Toilet, Waterless, Compost, Low-cost, Sanitation, Affordable, Health, Pollution 1. INTRODUCTION We have to break the taboo on sanitation; Out of 7 billion people on earth 2.6 billion people don’t use any kind of toilet. That means 1/3 people on this planet go for open defecation. Even after being world’s third largest economy India still cannot afford toilets for 53% of its population. Every second person in India is defecating in open. Today’s flush toilets are expensive, it requires huge sewage infrastructure, uses immense amount of water. This is the reason why villages in India lack proper sanitation. Women in villages can-not delay their household work so they hold and walk, long distances to defecate. Doctors say the longer you hold urine in bladder the more infection you get. And the longer you restrain defecation intestinal difficulties start to rise. Also these women run and hide in shame of not been seen. Untreated human waste goes into rivers and streams. This pollutes water, soil, food and animals thus spreading...
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...READINESS AND EXTENT OF IMPLEMENTATION OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT OF MATINA PANGI AND MAA COMMUNITIES: BASIS FOR ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM By: Melissa C. Napil ABSTRACT Solid waste management is a factor of sustainable environmental development. However, many countries including the Philippines still consider solid waste management a problem. Hence, this study was conducted to determine if readiness significantly influence the extent of implementation of solid waste management in two communities namely, Matina Pangi and Maa, Davao City. The study revealed that the two communities are very much ready in terms of implementing solid waste management, and their extent of implementation of solid waste management was high. It was found that there was no significant difference on level of readiness and extent of implementation of solid waste management between the two communities. Finally, the influence of readiness on extent of implementation of solid waste was found significant. Key words – Solid Waste Management, Readiness and Extent of Implementation of Solid Waste Management INTRODUCTION There is increasing evidence that community-based approaches to waste management, than top-down program created by bureaucrats, can promote a more sustainable development. The UNESCO Resource book on Environmental Education (1995) as cited by Santiago, et al, (1998) stressed that community readiness and participation are powerful strategies in attaining sustainable environmental...
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...that total, a large amount goes to open waste deposits. Only a small quantity is disposed of in appropriate places. A city like São Paulo spends, per day, US$ 300,000 with waste. According to the Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas – IPT (Institute of Technological Research), only few municipalities have specific teams and public policies engaged in dealing with the waste. When it is not treated, waste becomes a serious sanitary problem, since it exposes the community to illnesses like diarrhea, amebiasis, and parasitosis, apart from contaminating the soil, waters and water tables. Among solutions, there are the creation of sanitary landfills in appropriate places, adoption of selective collecting and recycling programs, conducting of campaigns with the aim of both making society conscious about the problem and demanding a greater participation of government authorities (Editora Abril, 2002). The manufacturing of biodegradable material offers an interesting solution for plastic materials. Like it happens with organic residues, such as foodstuff, elimination of biodegradable materials is not automatic and is considered as a recycling process by many experts. Biodegradable materials go through a composting process, for the obtaining of a stable compound, considered the final product of recycling. The bioplastics found in the market are made mainly from starch. Starch-based bioplastics represent from 85% to 90% of market’s bioplastics (Bastioli, 2000). Among starch...
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...Environmental assessment of bio-based polymers and natural fibres Dr. Martin Patel*), Dr. Catia Bastioli**), Dr. Luigi Marini**), Dipl.-Geoökol. Eduard Würdinger***) *) Utrecht University, Department of Science, Technology and Society (STS), Copernicus Institute, Padualaan 14, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands; Phone: +31 30 253 7634; Fax: +31 30 253 7601; E-mail: m.patel@chem.uu.nl **) Novamont, Via Fauser 8, I-28100 Novara, Italy; Phone: +39 0321 699 611; Fax: +39 0321 699 600; E-mail: bastioli@materbi.com, marini@materbi.com ***) BIFA (Bavarian Institute of Applied Environmental Research and Technology), Am Mittleren Moos 46, D-86167 Augsburg, Germany; Phone: +49 821 7000-181; Fax: +49 821 7000-100; Email: ewuerdinger@bifa.de Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 2. HISTORICAL OUTLINE 3. METHODOLOGY OF LCA 4. PRESENTATION OF COMPARATIVE DATA 4.1 STARCH POLYMERS 4.1.1 Starch polymer pellets 4.1.2 Starch polymer loose fills 4.1.3 Starch polymer films and bags 4.1.4 Starch nanoparticles as fillers in tyres 4.2 POLYHYDROXYALKANOATES (PHA) 4.3 POLYLACTIDES (PLA) 4.4 OTHER POLYMERS BASED ON RENEWABLE RESOURCES 4.5 NATURAL FIBRES 5. SUMMARISING COMPARISON 6. DISCUSSION 7. CONCLUSIONS 7.1 7.2 SUMMARY AND FURTHER ELABORATION OF FINDINGS OUTLOOK AND PERSPECTIVES 8. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1 9. REFERENCES ANNEX 1: OVERVIEW OF ENVIRONMENTAL LIFE CYCLE COMPARISONS FOR BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS INCLUDED IN THIS REVIEW ANNEX 2:...
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...mproving Sanitation in Coastal Communities with Special Reference to Puerto Princesa, Palawan Province, Philippines Table of Contents Acknowledgments (see below) Abstract (see below) Resumé (see below) Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Thesis Rationale 1.2 Goals and Objectives of the Thesis 1.3 Research Methodology 1.4 Scope and Limitations of the Study 1.5 Organization of the Thesis Chapter 2 General Scenario of Sanitation Problems in Coastal and Waterfront Communities--A Literature Review 2.1 Reasons for Settling on Coastal, Waterfront and Low-lying Areas 2.2 Sanitation Problems 2.3 Health and Environmental Conditions Chapter 3 Low-Cost Sanitation Systems used in Coastal and Waterfront Communities--A Literature Review 3.1 Available Low-Cost Sanitation Technologies 3.2 Sanitation Systems Used in Coastal and Waterfront Communities Chapter 4 The Case Study 4.1 Community Background 4.2 * Chapter 5 Results of Field Survey-- Analysis of Existing Sanitation in the Coastal Communities of Puerto Princesa 5.1 Basis of Analysis 5.2 Existing Environmental Sanitation 5.3 Health Condition and Observed Hygienic Practices related to Sanitation and Water Supply Chapter 6 Essential Factors for the Provision of Sanitation Systems in Coastal Communities 6.1 Considerations in the Provision of Sanitation Systems 6.2 Sanitation Systems Options Chapter 7 Conclusions and Recommendations 7.1 Summary of Existing sanitation Problems 7.2 Key Considerations in the Provision of...
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