...AIS Development Approaches © 2012 UMT Advanced Accounting Information Systems 1 INTRODUCTION • We’ll also discuss how to hasten or improve the development process through: – Business process reengineering – Prototyping – Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools © 2012 UMT Advanced Accounting Information Systems 2 BUSINESS PROCESS REENGINEERING • Business process reengineering (BPR) is the analysis and redesign of business processes and information systems to achieve significant performance improvements. – Reduces a company to its essential business processes. – Reshapes organizational work practices and information flows to take advantage of technological advancements. © 2012 UMT Advanced Accounting Information Systems 3 BUSINESS PROCESS REENGINEERING • BPR: – Simplifies the system. – Makes it more effective. – Improves a company’s quality and service. • BPR software has been developed to help automate many BPR tasks. © 2012 UMT Advanced Accounting Information Systems 4 BUSINESS PROCESS REENGINEERING • Michael Hammer has set forth several principles that help organizations successfully reengineer business processes: - Organize around outcomes, not tasks. • DO AWAY WITH: Assigning different parts of a business process to different people, with the resulting handoffs, delays, and errors. INSTEAD: Each person’s job is designed around an objective, outcome, or process rather than a task needed to complete a process. ...
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...COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN (CAD) AND COMPUTER-AIDED MANUFACTURING (CAM) Photo by: higyou Computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) are a pair of often interdependent industrial computer applications that have greatly influenced the chain of processes between the initial design and the final realization of a product. Many would add to this duo a third technology, computer-aided engineering (CAE). Ongoing refinements in CAD/CAM systems continue to save manufacturers tens of millions of dollars in time and resources over non-computerized methods. As a consequence, CAD and CAM technologies are responsible for massive gains in both productivity and quality, particularly since the 1980s. For some purposes CAD and CAM methods can be used exclusively of one another, and in general, CAD is used more commonly than CAM. CAD involves creating computer models defined by geometrical parameters. These models typically appear on a computer monitor as a three-dimensional representation of a part or a system of parts, which can be readily altered by changing relevant parameters. CAD systems enable designers to view objects under a wide variety of representations and to test these objects by simulating real-world conditions. CAM picks up where CAD leaves off by using geometrical design data to control automated machinery. CAM systems are associated with computer numerical control (CNC) or direct numerical control (DNC) systems. These systems differ from older forms...
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...THE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE LECTURE NOTES DEVELOPING INFORMATION SYSTEMS SOLUTIONS The Systems Development Cycle: The systems approach can be applied to the solution of many types of problems. When this involves the development of information system solutions to business problems, it is called information systems development or application development. Most computer-based information systems are conceived, designed, and implemented using some form of systematic development process. In this process, end users and information specialists design information systems based on an analysis of the information requirements of an organization. Thus, a major part of this process is known as systems analysis and design. When the systems approach is applied to the development of information system solutions, a multistep process or cycle emerges. This is frequently called the information systems development cycle, also known as the systems development life cycle (SDLC). Steps involved and products produced in the traditional information systems development cycle: 1. Systems investigation - Product: Feasibility Study 2. Systems analysis - Product: Functional Requirements 3. Systems design - Product: Systems Specifications 4. Systems implementation - Product: Operational System 5. Systems maintenance - Product: Improved System 1. All the activities involved are highly related and interdependent. 2. Several developmental activities can occur at the same time...
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...is a computer program that uses knowledge to solve complex problems. The knowledge’s are gain using various knowledge representation techniques rules, frames and scripts. Having this in hand, will gave user documentation of knowledge, intelligent decision support, self learning, reasoning and explanation of the system. Knowledge based systems further enhanced the expert system technology into the decision making framework. Expert system has been the tools and techniques perfected by researchers to deduce decision influences based on codification of knowledge. There are four different system software’s needed to manufacture part (e.g. Fish Head) in the manufacturing production. First of all is Computer Aided Design (CAD). It involves the use of computer to create design drawing and product models. The CAD design is usually associated with interactive computer graphics known as CAD system. CAD is the process to create the modeling for object by using the three elements which are computer graphics, geometry modeling and design. CAD system is a powerful tool and is used in the design and geometric modeling of components and products (McMohan, C. and Browne, J. 1998). Second is the Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP). It is a tool to simplify and improve process planning. The planning begins with engineering drawings, specifications, parts or material lists and a forecast of demand (Kalpakjian, S. and Schmid, S. 2006). Thirdly is Computer Aided...
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...Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) methodologies to develop and support the organization’s information system. There are four key steps to the SDLC: (1) planning and selection, (2) analysis, (3) design, and (4) implementation and operation. The first phase in the SDLC is when the organization’s total information system needs are analyzed and arranged. The result of this phase is a potential information systems project is identified. The systems analyst prioritizes and translates the needs of Hoosier Burger and translates the needs into a written plan. The fact of the matter is that Hoosier Burger is processing business by a method of paper-based system, suggesting a valid argument for continuing with the SDLC approach. Systems analysis, the second phase, is when the analyst will thoroughly study the organization’s current procedures to perform the tasks. The analyst must work with users to determine what the users want from the proposed system. For Hoosier Burger, the tasks are inventory control, customer ordering, and management reporting. The systems analysis phase of SDLC is when an alternative replacement system is proposed. Phase three is systems design. This is when the analyst converts the description of the recommended alternative solution into a logical and then physical system specification. According to Valacich (2009), phase three is when “…you must design all aspects of the system from input and output screens to reports, databases, and computer processes…”...
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...I have always strived to observe and better interpret the things around me and my curiosity has nurtured and manifested itself into the desire to pursue engineering. I was first introduced to Computer Aided Engineering watching a series of aircraft crash investigation documentaries in which official bodies would through a long unanimous process determine the causes of the crash. Due to the sheer amount of fact-gathering nowadays from reconstruction of wreckage to aircraft performance, and structures and fire-pattern investigations trajectory analysis (initial path drag and weight of subject) a lot of the former lends itself to knowledge-based virtual prototyping from the likes of computational fluid dynamics to incorporating the material behavior and properties through finite element analysis in order the virtually reconstruct the adverse event, all of which is necessary in order to run numerical simulations they managed to virtually reconstruct the adverse event and It is CAE’s multi-faceted structure that fascinates me the most, the wealth of tools makes modeling and simulation (an area of considerable expansion) more productive thus an exciting time to be a part of the industry. The vehicle is divided into smaller elements in order to be able to simulate their behavior they interconnect at different parts and add material properties all virtually. The finished calculation model corresponds in all its details to the future product and is tested virtually all without...
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...MAJOR ISSUES AND TRENDS IN OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT I. COMPUTER AIDED MANUFACTURING/COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN * It is the use of computer software to control machine tools and related machinery in the manufacturing of workpieces. * It also refers to the use of a computer to assist in all operations of a manufacturing plant, including planning, management, transportation and storage. * Its primary purpose is to create a faster production process and components and tooling with more precise dimensions and material consistency, which in some cases, uses only the required amount of raw material (thus minimizing waste), while simultaneously reducing energy consumption. * It is a subsequent computer-aided process after computer-aided design (CAD) and sometimes computer-aided engineering (CAE), as the model generated in CAD and verified in CAE can be input into CAM software, which then controls the machine tool CAD / Computer-Aided Design Computer-aided design (CAD) is the use of computer programs to create two- or three-dimensional (2D or 3D) graphical representations of physical objects. CAD software may be specialized for specific applications. CAD is widely used for computer animation and special effects in movies, advertising, and other applications where the graphic design itself is the finished product. CAD is also used to design physical products in a wide range of industries, where the software performs calculations for determining an optimum shape and...
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...second phase of the SDLC in which system requirements are studied and structured. (2) Application Software: Computer software designed to support organizational functions or processes. (3) Computer aided software engineering (CASE) tools: systems development methodologies created to radically decrease the time needed to design and implement information systems. This methodology relies on extensive user involvement, prototyping, integrated CASE tools and code. (4) Design: the third phase of the SDLC in which the descriptions of the recommended solution in converted into logical and physical system specifications. (5) Implementation: the fourth phase of the SDLC in which the information system is coded, tested, installed, and supported in the org. (6) Information system analyses and design: the complex organizational process whereby computer-based information systems are developed and maintained. (7) Inheritance: the property that occurs when entity types or object classes are arranged in a hierarchy and each entity type or object class assumes the attributes and methods of its ancestors; that is, those higher up in the hierarchy. The property allows new but related classes to be deirved from existing classes. (8) Logical design: the part of the design phase of the SDLC in which all function features of the system chosen for development are described independently of any computer platform. (9) Maintenance: the final phase of the SDLC in which an information system is systematically...
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...SOLIDWORKS VS PROENGINEER AND THE USE OF CAD/CAM SOFTWARES IN CNC MACHINING Today, the most popular and most used computer aided design software used for modeling are Solidworks and Pro Engineer. Both these software are widely used as both have their strengths and weaknesses. We can’t simply decide that which software is the standout winner in the competition. ProE and solidworks, both have similar tools to create 2D and 3D models but use of the tools is a bit different for modeling. ProEngineer became a prominent 3D modeling application in the late 90’s as it was created before SolidWorks. ProE was dominating the field of modeling as the engineers were able to view a part and could rotate in on the screen and it was a great breakthrough...
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...demanding clientele all over the world” 13th rank in manufacturers’ top today Design Concept - manual renderings on paper Clay models – the “excitement” of its designs Computer-aided Design models -> Computer-aided Styling Handcraftsmanship EMOTIONS: ◦ Precision of the surface ◦ The surface stress ◦ The lines of reflection “artful of deformation of sheet metal” Functional & manufacturable exterior design “front-loading” -> functionality (crashworthiness, dynamics) State of the art design - meticulous handcraftsmanship to assure silky precision and offer the customer “emotions” Consistent design -> familiar resemblance between all its models These increased a lot the engineering lead time making almost impossible to come up with “fresh” models at the same speed as the competition. A sequential approach of phases Many operations executed manually for personal touch and artistic excellence High-quality physical prototyping Low frequency of launching new platforms (only incremental model changes from year to year) Low use of computer-aided software “Developing a new product with a new process is dangerous. We didn’t know how to develop a car in such a short time, but many felt that longer we waited, the longer people would find reasons not to do it” Considering the long tradition, the costs involved in the process and the fierce competition, a drastic decision like changing all the processess could be fatal...
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... 11 7. Applications 12 8. Industrial & Personal Printing 13 9. The Cost of 3D Printers 14 10. Future 15 11. Effects of 3D Printing 16 12. Challenges 17 13. Conclusion 18 14. References 19 INTRODUCTION 3D printing is one of the emerging trends in the IT sector which has gained importance. Now a days, in the 21st century we can see that IT sectors plays a major role in development of all sectors. It has become the integral part of our life. IT has acted as a change agent in the present day scenario which has and will keep on bringing big changes in everyday life and 3D printers are one among the changes brought down from the IT sector. Printing is nothing but a process of reproducing texts and images, with the use of ink or color on page using a printing press. Where as 3D printing or additive manufacturing is the process of making a 3D object of any shape using additive processes. In this process an object is created by laying down successive layers of material until the entire object is created and each of these...
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...APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER A I D E D INSTRUCTION By C. Hendrickson, 1 A. M. ASCE, A. Pasquale, 2 W. Robinson, 3 and M. Rossi-Velasco 4 i ABSTRACT: Computer aided instruction (CAI) offers numerous advantages for education and training when properly designed and implemented. Recent computer developments in hardware and software enhance the effectiveness and reduce the cost of CAI. We review recent developments, using CAI programs designed and developed by the writers as examples. Experience with the use of CAI in a large general contracting and construction management firm is also reported. Our survey concludes that CAI can now be widely adopted for training and education supplements in civil engineering. INTRODUCTION In the past few decades, n u m e r o u s enthusiasts have predicted a revolution in education through the adoption of computer aided instruction (CAI). While the CAI revolution m a y still b e distant, some n e w developments make CAI a practical and extremely beneficial supplement for education a n d on-the-job training in civil engineering. For example: • Construction executives use a microcomputer-based business game to develop and test m a n a g e m e n t strategies as part of Stanford University's continuing education program (2). Each student is challenged to create a profitable contracting firm in the game, b u t the real payoff comes from n e w insights into techniques a n d strategies. • Employees at Mellon-Stuart Company, a large general contracting...
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...Chapter 5- GLOBAL COMPANY PROFILE: Regal Marine world’s 3rd largest boat manufacturer; Regal uses CAD computer aided design; Regal uses JIT inventory to deliver parts as needed. GOODS & SERVICES SELECTION: The good or service provided is basis for an organization’s existence and the key to success; To maximize success, companies focus and concentrate on few products; Companies must look constantly for new products to design; Product Decision- to develop, implement a product strategy that meets the demands of the marketplace with a competitive advantage; Product strategy is 1 of 10 decisions of OM and focuses on developing a competitive advantage thru differentiation, low cost, rapid response, or combination of these. PRODUCT STRATEGY OPTIONS: Product Selection- the choosing of good or service to provide customers or clients; Differentiation- by offering a distinctly unique and high quality product; Taco Bell- has developed a low cost and high value product line; Toyota- a rapid response to changing customer demand; PRODUCT LIFE CYCLES: Intro Phase- the product is being fine-tuned for market, negative cash flow due to research, product development, process modification, and supplier development; Growth Phase- product design is stabilizing, requires effective forecasting of capacity requirements; Maturity Phase- high sales revenue, competitors are established, improved cost control, reduction in options of product line necessary for profitability and market share; Decline Phase-...
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...Exercise No. 1 Computer Graphics Application Objectives: 1. To define computer graphics and introduce its various applications in different fields. 2. To consider a particular application wherein the students can apply computer graphics as a visualization tool. Discussion: Computer graphics provides methods to generate images using a computer. These include 2D/3D images, graphics, and image sequences that are generated on computer screens or displays, printers and other devices. An image can represent a realistic scene from the real world, but graphics like histograms or pie charts as well as the graphical user interface of a software tool are also considered as images. Application Fields Graphical user interfaces (GUI) can be considered as an application of computer graphics. However, there are standard programming tools and APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) for the implementation of GUI. These tools make the generation of GUI easy for the programmers. Advertising and art pictures are sometimes designed using the computer only. In particular, photos serve as a basis and are modified or changed with computer graphics techniques. 2D/3D visualisations are used in the representation of high-dimensional data collected in business, industry, economy and science. Other than simple representations like graphs of functions, pie or bar charts, suitable data analysis techniques, methods for visualising high- dimensional data are needed...
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...progress not only in agriculture but also in industries. These changes and improvement were done through modern equipment. Different schools also improved their education with the help of these highly - technological equipment. In this 20th century, a years of information and revolution, computer appears as one of the most powerful all purpose and unique tool which is used in the world and also in our country nowadays. Computer is often use in companies, factories, hall, supermarkets, schools as well as in our house. It is said that using this tool makes work efficient, accurate, and with less effort. In companies, computer is used in business transactions, payrolls, inventories, and many more. Computer is also used at home for teaching and aids in attaining educational purpose for the benefits of the students. Computer can assist one in a particular subject. The best example of this is the (CAI)Computer – Assisted Instruction which contains several instructions for the readers. CAI is a computer based instructional programs for individual learners. The term most often refers to drill and practice , tutorial , or simulation exercises used as stand – alone instruction or as supplementary materials, a more...
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