...1. INTRODUCTION Information system can be categorized into two which is manually and automatically or also known as Computer Based Information System (CBIS). Before we are using CBIS, all the data is done manually, where all the information is written and store in a different file. Sometimes, this process is called non-computerized system. Non-computerized is not efficient because it consumes a lot of time to find and modify the information. So, to eliminate this problem, a new system is created which is known as computerized system or CBIS.A computer-based information system (CBIS) is an information system that needs computer technology to perform some or all of its intended tasks. Such a system can include as little as a personal computer...
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...Information Systems could be classified as follows (Bagad, 2011): • Operations support systems: are systems that process data generated by business operations, as transaction processing systems. process control systems and office automation systems • Management Support Systems: are systems that enable effective decision making by managers, as management information system, decision support systems and executive information system. Computer-Based Information Systems (CBIS) rely on computer hardware and software and processing operations functions work according to pre-established set of procedures, and sequences of instructions and then information dissemination the user (Institute of distance and open learning, 2011). 2. 4. Core competencies...
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...1. Define Wicked Problem, Examples, 10 Properties. 2. Summarize the 4 solutions listed 3. Summarize PPG’s situation and wickedness 4. Analyze their strategy to come up wickedness through solutions listed in the context: 1. Involve stakeholders, document opinions and communicate 2. Define the corporate identity 3. Focus on action and Adopt a “feed-forward” orientation 5. Lessons from case PPG Question 3 The company, founded over a century ago as a plate-glass manufacture, chemicals and coating business. PPG is a global player with 125 manufacturing facilities and partner over 25 countries,. PPG first became aware of strategy’s wickedness in the late 1980s. Two missteps taught the company that diversification, be it into other industries or countries, is fraught with peril: 1 Diversification: PPG expanded its portfolio by acquiring medical electronics businesses from Honeywell and Litton Industries in 1986 and from Allegheny International in 1987. However, the biomedical industry’s volatility and the units’ focus on customization did not fit the company’s competence in low cost, standardized production. As resulte: Seven years later, PPG had to sell the division. 2 Being in other countries: The company others wicked challenge was China, where PPG offering the market with something they do not have competitive edge over the local supplier. This result where PPG’s operations there...
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...Fundamental of Information System and System Development 1. What is an information system? What are some ways information system are changing our lives? * A combination of hardware, software, infrastructure and trained personnel organized to facilitate planning, control, coordination, and decision making in an organization. 2. How would you distinguish data and information? Information and Knowledge? To distinguish between data and information you need to know what each one means. Data is the raw material for processing and refers to unprocessed information. Information is processed data. Information is that which informs that from which data can be derived. Information is conveyed either as the content of a message or through direct or indirect observation of some thing. That which is perceived can be construed as a message in its own right, and in that sense, information is always conveyed as the content of a message. Information can be encoded into various forms for transmission and interpretation. Knowledge is a familiarity, awareness or understanding of someone or something, such as facts, information, descriptions, or skills, which is acquired through experience or education by perceiving, discovering, or learning. Knowledge can refer to a theoretical or practical understanding of a subject. 3. Enumerate and define the characteristics of valuable information. * Relevant-Information, to be considered relevant, must meet the requirements of the information consumer...
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... | |Limitations |5 | |Conclusion |6 | |References |7 | Executive Summary: This report give insight on what information systems is, describing what makes up information systems while assessing its functions, benefits and limitations. Report Aim: The aim of this report is to clearly define what information system is, what they are used for and what they do. Introduction: Information systems are a set of interconnected components that collects data by taking and assembling the data, manipulating the data which involves the process of converting and transforming the data into useful information (Stair and Reynolds, 2012). Information systems comprises of two major words which are information and systems: Information can be described has...
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...implementation of computer-based information systems in the developing countries: a critical review of literature A paper presented to the Journal of library and information science for consideration for publication. Date: November 2015 Author: Daniel Kinyanjui (Bsc-Information Science-Moi University-Eldoret, Kenya and Currently Studying Masters of Library and Information Science at Kenyatta University-Kenya) Daniel is also the editor of institutional in-house publications at Oshwal College-Nairobi and the College Head of Library Services. Abstract Implementation of computer-based information systems (CBIS) has become increasingly important due to the growing reliance on new technologies by organisations in their operations and service delivery. There has also been realisation by individuals and businesses of the inevitability of delivering value-added services without computerized systems. Despite this awareness and the apparent growing readiness to deploy computer-based systems, there still exists a myriad of perennial challenges inhibiting the implementation of these systems. Using insights from previous studies, the paper sums up the legal issues that have been acknowledged by various scholars as major obstacles to the implementation of CBIS in developing countries. Drawing from the understanding of these challenges, the author finally attempts to advance possible strategies that can be used to overcome these challenges Keywords and phrases: computer-based information...
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... 1) What do you think are the prime advantages and disadvantages of Nike’s computer-based interviewing system? Advantages of computer assisted Interviewing system: a) Weeds out undesirable applications: In computer based interview system the applicants whom management thinks are eligible for the job according to qualification, work experience and achievement of an applicant in his/her career is called upon for the interview. This helps the company screen out un- important applicants and in turn save their time in interviewing only required applicants. b) Saves company’s administrative costs: Company during their interview season sees an increase in their administrative expenses which includes mainly the travel reimbursement that all candidates gets during their journey to interview location. Nike being one of the largest manufacturing & retail oriented company; it needs recruitment process almost the whole year. If they spend. Therefore company’s expenses would be very high and at the same time, may not be productive as out of huge number of candidates who have applied, only few would be matching the job profile. c) Time efficient: it saves time for both management involved in recruitment process & candidates who may have to undergo long interview process. Management can utilize that time for its productivity & handling its other important issues. d) No routing errors. If the system is correctly programmed, routing errors, that is, errors in the sequence of questions...
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...Executive Summary The role of the management information system is described and analyzed in the light of its Decision-making ability. Decision-making process and its impact on senior management In organizations with automated decision, focus explanation. Challenges restrictions and management information systems are discussed and a set of six recommendations put forward in the decision-making process to increase the effectiveness of MIS. 1.0 Introduction It is an integrated information system to collect store and process data and provide information, knowledge and digital product components. Commercial enterprises and other organizations rely on information systems to manage and conduct their business, interact with customers and suppliers, and market competition. Supply chain and information systems for the electronic operation of the market organizations. For example, companies use information systems to handle financial accounts to manage their human resources, and with online promotions, in order to reach their potential customers. Many large companies around the information system is fully established. 1.1 The five components of information are: i. Hardware: a. The term refers to the mechanical hardware. This category includes the computer itself, which is commonly referred to as a central processing unit (CPU), and all the support equipment. b. Support equipment between the input and output devices, storage devices and communications equipment...
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...Computer: A computer is a general purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a finite set of arithmetic or logical operations. Since a sequence of operations can be readily changed, the computer can solve more than one kind of problem. Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU) and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit that can change the order of operations based on stored information. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved. A TYPICAL COMPUTER SYSTEM: A typical digital computer consists of: a) A central processor unit (CPU) b) A memory c) Input/output (I/0) ports Functions of Computer The main and also basic the functions of a computer is to run programs. The programs they run can help to improve humans' everyday lives. But, there are four basic functions of a Computer. They are: 1. Input Function: You input data i.e. you provide data; a set of instructions. You input data through input devices which are keyboard, mouse, scanner, etc. 2. Processing Function: The computer processing unit manipulates the data which is done by the C.P.U 3. Output Function: After processing the data the computer displays the result, it gives an output. Output devices are the monitor, in the case of visual...
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...paper will discuss systems and informatics theories. The paper will confer on the Data, Information, and Knowledge (DIK) Model. The role of expert system in nursing care and medicine will be provided. Decision aids and decision support systems are used everyday providing focus, leadership and direction within technology and will be examined. The use of technology for patient and client management will be explored. An analysis of the impact of technology on healthcare and health status will be investigated. Systems and Informatics Theories Systems are “a group of interacting, interrelated, or interdependent elements forming a complex whole” (Systems, n.d., Definition). Systems describe healthcare, schools, computers, and a person. The systems are either open or closed. Closed systems are inoperable to function with others third party products and open systems are designed to allow third party products to plug in or interoperate with the system. Neither system interacts with the environment. Open systems consist of three characteristics; purpose, functions, and structure (Englebardt and Nelson, 2002). Systems can have more than one purpose based on the needs of the user. Functions that the system will need to carry out need to be identified for the system to achieve its purpose. The “systems are structured in ways that allow them to perform their functions” (Englebardt & Nelson, 2002, p.6). The two types of models used to conceptualize the structure of a system; hierarchical and...
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...in today’s environment, it is often necessary to change business models and strategies. B. IT enables organizations to survive in the face of business pressures. C. IT requires small investments over a long period of time. D. Organizations can leverage their platforms to develop Web-based applications, products, and services. ANS: C REF: Material following chapter opening case The fact that you practice continuous computing means all of the following except: A. You are surrounded by a movable information network. B. You can pull information about almost everything from anywhere all the time. C. You can push your ideas to the Web. D. Your daily routines are exactly the same as students 20 years ago, but you can do your tasks much slower and with more effort. ANS: D REF: Material following chapter opening case The modern business environment has all of the following characteristics except: A. global B. interconnected C. competitive D. relatively static E. real-time ANS: D REF: Material following chapter opening case _____ deal with the planning for – and the development, management, and use of – technology to help people perform their tasks related to information processing. A. IT architecture B. IT...
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...Decision support systems are a lesson of computer-based information systems plus knowledge based systems which support decision making activities. Since there are numerous methods for decision-making, moreover, because of the wide range of dominions in which decisions are made, thus, the concept of decision support system (DSS) is very wide-ranging. A DSS may take several different formulae. In general, we can assure that a DSS is a computer system in order to aid for making decisions. A decision is an optimal among alternatives based on estimations, valuation and of the standard of those substitutes. However, supporting a decision means assisting employee working alone, or in a group gathers intelligence as teamwork and the best and appropriate for the organization. In addition, supporting the optimal making process involves backup, the appraisal and/or the comparison of alternatives. In practice, references of DSS are commonly references to computer applications that perform by means of supporting role. The decision support system has been well-defined in various ways by different scholars and managers. On contrary, others define a DSS rather mainly is "a computer-based system that aids the process of decision making." For instance, Turban expresses exactly as "an interactive, flexible, and adaptable computer-based information system, specially developed for supporting the solution of a non-structured management problem for improved decision making. It utilizes data, provides...
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...Abstract There are two main cost allocation systems exist. Traditional cost allocation system allocates costs based on volume of production or proportionally to sales revenue. Such approach usually underestimates costs for low-volume products or services and over-estimates costs of high-volume products or services. To avoid such situations Activity Based Costing (ABC) system was developed. ABC system main principle is to identify main activities of the company, group costs of these activities, identify how these activities can be measured and assign costs to products or services though these measures. ABC system helps managers to allocate costs more accurate to final products or services. However, ABC system has some limitations. For ABC implementation company needs a lot of resources (trained personnel, additional IT and information resources). Some of the potential users are often change their mind of ABC implementation after expenses for system implementation and maintenance are calculated. Other disadvantage is the complexity of the system. Implementation of ABC system could be highly complex if company has a lot of products and need to allocate its costs to a number of activities. Support and maintenance of such systems is complicated and time consuming process. ABC system gathers and provides valuable information for decision making. This approach is called Activity Based Management and could be used to improve efficiency of the company. Notwithstanding its limitations...
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...Chapter 1 + case study 1. How can information technology support a company's business processes and decision making and give it a competitive advantage? GIve examples to illustrate your answer. The term information technology refers to the various hardware, software, networking, and data management parts that are a neccessity for the system to function (pg. 8). Businesses regularly utilize computer-based information systems in order to record customer purchases, keep track of inventory, pay employees, buy new merchandise, and evaluate sales trends. Without the support of information technology, businesses would ultimately fall apart. For example if a business did not choose to use computer-based information systems, they wouldn't be able to evaluate what items were selling better than others and ultimately lose valuable information for future success. Information technology can also aid in decision making for a business. Decisions are made based on analysis provided by computer-based information systems. For example a store manager may make the decision whether to discontinue an item for sale or keep it on the floor due to analysis of sales trends provided by computer-based systems. Lastly information technology helps business gain a competitive advantage. A competitive advantage is gained through computer-based information systems by applying innovative application of information technologies (pg. 9). For example a store manager installing touch screen kiosks throughout...
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...INTRODUCTION As technology continues to advance, computers are becoming more part of everyday life. Computers are everywhere at work, at school, and at home .Many daily activities either involve the use of or depend on information from a computer. This maybe because computers are used in almost every field and profession like education and office works to perform large number of computer application .It also the best solution for providing information and a way of communications in every individual and gives better understanding of some events that can arouse the interest of some particular subject matter. The advancement of technology has been playing important roles in the world today. Computers are initially used for exclusive purposes such as scientific and engineering, calculations, leisure and entertainment. One of its specific purposes is to store and manipulate data to useful information. And able to build a computerize system, just like the Computerized Registration System to improve the manual system. The computerized world is a highly efficient one, which processing the big quantities of data and keeping .The extensive records will not be a problem to a post industrialized society, likewise the unreliable and slow processing and preparing student record and enrollment summary of report. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK In this study, the software that is being used is Visual Fox Pro and MySQL are windows based programming language. It is one of the simplest and...
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