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Computer Processors

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Submitted By andonibmp
Words 758
Pages 4
Andoni Harrison
Intro to Computer Hardware
SHJC
Assignment # 8

1) State how many Generation of Processor there are. There are six generations of Processor.

2) Explain each of the Generation of Processor. P1 (086) Processor - Intel introduced the 8086 back in June 1978. The 8086 was one of the first 16-bit processor chips on the market; at the time, virtually all other processors were 8-bit designs. The 8086 had 16-bit internal registers and could run a new class of software using 16- bit instructions.

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P2 (286) Processor - In 1982, Intel introduced the Intel 80286 processor, normally abbreviated as 286. The first CPU behind the original IBM PC AT (Advanced Technology), it did not suffer from the compatibility problems that damned the 80186 and 80188.

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P3 (386) Processor - The third generation represents perhaps the most significant change in processors since the first PC. The big deal was the migration from processors that handled 16- bit operations to true 32-bit chips.

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P4 (486) Processor - Although fourth-generation processors were more about refinement than redesign, the Intel 80486 was another major leap forward in the race for speed. The additional power available in the 486 fueled tremendous growths in the software industry.

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P5 (586) Processor - After the fourth-generation chips such as the 486, Intel and other chip manufacturers went back to the drawing board to come up with new architectures and features that they would later incorporate into what they called fifth-generation chips. On October 19, 1992, Intel announced that the fifth generation of its compatible microprocessor line (code- named P5) would be named the Pentium processor.

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P6 (686) processors represent a new generation with features not found in the previous generation units. The P6 processor family began when the Pentium Pro was released in November 1995. Since then, Intel has released many other P6 chips, all using the same basic P6 core processor as the Pentium Pro. Table 3.13 shows the variations in the P6 family of processors.

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3)Explain the 2 example for each Generation of Processor you pick.

P1 (086) Processor:

The 8088 processor used the same internal core as the 8086, had the same 16-bit registers, and could address the same 1MB of memory, but the external data bus was reduced to 8 bits. This enabled support chips from the older 8-bit 8085 to be used, and far less expensive boards and systems could be made.

P2 (286) Processor:

The 286 was faster than the 8088 for two reasons: it required only 4.5 cycles to perform the average instruction (versus 12 on the 808x processors), and handled data in 16-bit chunks. The 286’s real mode imitates an 808x processor, and the protected mode can access memory larger than 1MB. The 286 also supports multitasking.

P3 (386) Processor:

The Intel 80386 (usually abbreviated as 386) caused quite a stir in the PC industry because of the vastly improved performance it brought to the personal computer. Compared to 8088 and 286 systems, the 386 chip offered greater performance in almost all areas of operation.

P4 (486) Processor:

The 486 chip is about twice as fast as the 386 at the same clock rate. You can see why the arrival of the 486 rapidly killed off the 386 in the marketplace.

P5 (586) Processor:

The Pentium has a 32-bit address bus width, giving it the same 4GB memory-addressing capabilities as the 386DX and 486 processors. But the Pentium expands the data bus to 64 bits, which means it can move twice as much data into or out of the CPU, compared to a 486 of the same clock speed. The 64-bit data bus requires that system memory be accessed 64 bits wide, so each bank of memory is 64 bits.

P6 (686) Processor:

Intel’s successor to the Pentium is called the Pentium Pro. The Pentium Pro was the first chip in the P6 or sixth-generation processor family. It was introduced in November 1995 and became widely available in 1996. The chip is a 387-pin unit that resides in Socket 8, so it is not pin compatible with earlier Pentiums. The chip is unique among processors because it is constructed in a multichip module (MCM) physical format, which Intel calls a dual-cavity PGA package. Inside the 387-pin chip carrier are two dies. One contains the actual Pentium Pro processor, and the other contains a 256KB, 512KB, or 1MB L2 cache.

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