...most important factor in educational research, sampling is a way of sele cting a fraction of people in a population of research in order to find the needed information which can generalised and extend their results further than the respondents, The researcher may not manage to collect the information for every individual of interest as it is costly, time consuming and stress nous, as(Mcmillin,1996) stated that when conducting an educational research, it is usually impractical and unnecessary to measure all the elements in the population of interest. The are two main types of sampling procedures suitable for conducting educational research, which is probability also known as random sampling and non-probability or non-random sampling. This paper will further discuss the two categories of sampling procedures that are commonly used in educational research and highlight the strength and weakness of using the discussed sampling procedures. Probability sampling is the type of research in which the researcher chooses the respondents randomly. In this type of research each respondent has an equivalent possibility of taking part in the research. probability sampling is a way of choosing the respondents randomly as (Mcmillin,1996) highlighted that “this way of random selection implies at least every member of the population or the subgroups has an equal chance of being selected” Each of the population has equal chance of being picked up into the sample, moreover one member does not effect...
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...INTRODUCTION An appropriate sample and correct methodology is necessary when conducting a research in marketing. To reach the desired sample, sampling size must be chosen carefully in order to avoid bias and increase the accuracy of data. To investigate this, we have a statement on size, “the larger the sample the greater the precision and reliability” (Chisnall, P. 2005, p99) and one on the sampling technique “Accuracy of relative techniques often refers to the correct identification of the target species and correct enumeration of the target species in each sample unit.” (Fleischer, S.J. and Allan,1980), which are to be proven correct from the conclusion of 3 articles that were analyzed. Looking at the sampling techniques used in the each article and their sampling size, the ideal number of sampling techniques for a research as well as the number of participants will be determined [ OR An appropriate sample and correct methodology is necessary when conducting a research in marketing. To reach the desired sample, sampling size must be chosen carefully in order to avoid bias and increase the accuracy of data. To examine the question of the ideal number of sampling techniques for a research as well as the ideal the number of participants, 3 journals were examined concerning privacy in e-commerce. An appropriate sample and correct methodology is necessary when conducting a research in marketing. To reach the desired sample, sampling size must be chosen carefully...
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...and why different research methods are selected by the author. The author has made logical justification of different research methodology techniques in accordance with the aim and objectives of the research. Research methodology helps the researcher to get a systematic solution of the research problems. Kumar (2008) mentioned research methodology as the science of conducting research. Cottrell and McKenzie (2011) argued good research should be followed by the well-established previous theories. 9.1 Research Process According to the onion model of Saunders et al (2009), a good research should generally consist of valid and justified research philosophy, research approach, research strategy, research design and data...
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...603 Business Research Methods Assignment 1 Submission date: 16/05/2015 Submitted By: Rajinder Singh Student Id: 1502A487 Answer no . (1.1) In this scenario, owner of an Italian restaurant wants to introduce a new pasta dish. James, a business research executive hired by the restaurant owner Pablo has to conduct a research with the customers to find out reaction about the dish. James has proposed a face to face interview technique to Pablo for this research work. Face to face interview is a one on one interview, where both interviewer and interviewee sits together to get some useful information. There are many types of interviews like telephonic interview, using internet chat etc. but according to me best suitable type of interview that can help Pablo to get his needed information is Face to Face interview. Below are some key attributes of a Face to Face interview those are best suitable to get information that Pablo is looking for. 1) Time and Place – Time and place of the interview is very important. To conduct an effective interview it is very important that you should aware about, what time and date is the best to conduct an interview. For example in this case, by conducting interview on weekends you might get better results as compared to weekdays like Monday where there are less people visiting the restaurant or they can be busy in their work. On the other side the place you are going to choose for the interview is also very important. For example in this...
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...through a process of speculation or steps. The nature of science is relatively vital and ongoing, expanding our knowledge of the world around us. Ensuring that the knowledge of science is credible, evidence is required to prove or disapprove the basis of the scientific argument. Scientific research is reviewed and constant evaluated and judge whether their conclusions are valid. “Test results and/or observations that may either help support or help refute a scientific idea. In general, raw data are considered evidence only once they have been interpreted in a way that reflects on the accuracy of a scientific idea”(University of California Museum of Paleontology, 2011). Evidence significantly impacts the scientist community in more ways than one; accepting established theories are harder to accept and must provide evidence to back up their claims, as hard data. Same is true with effective business planning, ideas must flow together and examine key objectives, as well rationale a chosen selection for an argument over other alternative ideas. Essentially business planning is explanation of why an idea makes sense, resources used to envision the goal, skills required and team to do the research. “The plan must be concise, well-written and should focus on the lender's or investor's principal areas of concern”(Andrew, 2003). Reference University of California Museum of Paleontology (2011) The core of science: relating evidence and ideas. Retrieved March 3, 2011 from...
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...Business Research Methods, Part I Nikkei Crowder, Jessica Thompson, Delores Winton QNT/561 Anthony Matias August 13, 2012 Business Research Methods, Part I There are elements needed when conducting research, such as developing a theory and hypothesis, determining an appropriate research design, collecting data, providing analysis of the data, and revising the theory upon results. This paper will develop a research design behind the auto industry bailout and identify a sample design used for collecting data. Organizational Dilemma What was the ultimate cause of the downfall of the auto industry resulting in a bailout? This research question arising from the dilemma in the auto industry is one that many American’s found him or herself asking after the government decided to bail them out of their financial crisis. In 2008, the auto industry found itself in a downward financial spiral. Gas prices reached over $4 a gallon and the credit debacle is only a couple of reasons for the dilemma the auto industry faced. The country was facing a recession and they blame up-and-coming technologies of distracting technologies to validate and continue the old routine and procedure to fill their pockets with money and bonuses to retain the status quo in the industry without any regard to others affected, even if this method compromises their long-term strategy. Roche (2009), “This qualifies as failed management syndrome because they consider themselves royalty and...
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...Research Process and Terminology Paper TerryAnn Powell-Joyner CJA 334 February 12, 2012 Stacey L. Callaway, Esq. What is research? Research has any different definitions, but basically research is the investigation and gathering of information, data, and facts to gain knowledge on a specific subject. Research takes diligence, and where the information is found plays a big part on the credibility of the research. The research process involves ways and strategies that enable researchers to analyze and understand the researched information. The research process involves a dedicated system of scientific methodology that can be used by researchers to arrive at the right conclusions. Some terminology learned in this week’s reading includes statistics, population, census, sample, subjects, variables, margin of error, and bias. Statistics has many uses, but perhaps its most important purpose is to help us make good decisions about issues that involve uncertainty. Speaking of statistics, some may ask what statistics are. The meaning of statistics in singular form is the science that helps bring meaning and understanding to the collection, organization, and interpreting of data. When speaking of statistics in plural form it is the actual data that is used to describe the information. In the language of statistics, population refers to the statistical study of the entirety of the characteristic that the study is focused on. While population is usually seen as a group...
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...experiencing a decrease in customer enrollments. Customers now have multiple options to consider before enrolling into an agreement and Ace Cable is conducting research to persuade more people to sign on with the company. The research included defining the population from which the samples were collected. When it comes to the population and the different samples collected, the main goal is to focus on customers and provide outstanding services by conducting customer interviews, and surveys including group interviews of all ages. There are several methods that have taken place concerning collecting samples. The individual interviews we have collected were samples by applying surveys, from face to face interviews, in-store feedback, and telephone surveys. These surveys and interviews are conducted on a daily basis. These surveys are taking place in order to better our business when it comes to Ace cable. Individuals are completing surveys by voicing their opinions when it comes to the services and the channels that are selected. By having these surveys and interviews in place, we are getting the best feedback on what type of services they are looking forward to and what needs to be improved. In regard to group interviews, samples are being collected by surveys that are conducted at the time of the interviews. The surveys samples that are collected deals with expectations, feedback, and improved service. By having these different outcomes taking place, we can collect enough...
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...their research required several steps in the process to determine the correct population of users to poll. The process began with a phone questionnaire that was targeted to the Penton readership from a very large database. From there, Penton sent a pretest, this time by mail, to another user group. The final study was then sent to 4,000 decision makers from the Penton database (Cooper & Schindler, 2011). There are many strengths to the approach that Penton used for this study. To begin, the level of confidence was 95% with +/-4 percent for a margin of error. This is actually common when conducting a sampling plan (2011). Penton achieved this probability determining that 676 of the 710 respondents were the decision makers of their respective organizations. These individuals were also weighted according to the cell that they were assigned. There were 42 cells representing seven industries by six job titles, which allows Penton to see which individuals could be identified as the most desirable participant to the study. This is an effective method for identifying the participants, because Penton now knows who the decision makers are within the organizations they work for. If the respondents were allowed to be random, the data would not be true to the goal of the research, which aims to influence and accommodate their needs. Another strength of this study is the attribute-sampling plan. Penton clearly defined what the problem was, how they were going to research the...
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...A2 Psychology: G543 Options Paper Exam Technique and Tips General Exam Information You will be assessed for this unit in a 1.5 hour examination. You will need to answer four questions; two questions from the topic of Forensic Psychology and two questions from the topic of Health and Clinical Psychology. This means you will have about 20 minutes of writing time per question, plus a little bit of thinking time. This is not a long time to maximise your marks, so there are some simple exam techniques to follow below. Each question will be worth 25 marks and be divided into two parts; part (a) and part (b). Part (a) asks you to demonstrate descriptive skills and is worth 10 marks, whilst part (b) asks you to display evaluative skills and is worth 15 marks. General Exam Information You will be assessed for this unit in a 1.5 hour examination. You will need to answer four questions; two questions from the topic of Forensic Psychology and two questions from the topic of Health and Clinical Psychology. This means you will have about 20 minutes of writing time per question, plus a little bit of thinking time. This is not a long time to maximise your marks, so there are some simple exam techniques to follow below. Each question will be worth 25 marks and be divided into two parts; part (a) and part (b). Part (a) asks you to demonstrate descriptive skills and is worth 10 marks, whilst part (b) asks you to display evaluative skills and is worth 15 marks. General Exam Technique/Advice ...
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..."What" and the "How" of Dispositional Mindfulness: Using Interactions Among Subscales of the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire to Understand Its Relation To Substance Use and written by Tory A. Eisenlohr-Moul, Erin C. Walsh, Richard J. Charnigo, Donald R. Lynam, and Ruth A. Baer. The test was given to on two hundred and ninety-six undergraduate students and completed using the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Test Review: Personality and Substance Use There are various ways to obtain information about a person’s personality when conducting research. Observation is one of those methods. Observation is the most used and most understood form of personality assessment and can be made through a controlled environment or in a natural environment (Aiken, & Groth-Marnat, 2006). Conducting research to understand subjects such as substance abuse is an important part of personality assessments. When conducting research through observation it is important to be objective and not let personal bias affect what is being observed (Aiken, & Groth-Marnat, 2006). Being able to separate observation from interpretation is one of...
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... Business Research Process Christina Guilin October 16, 2012 RES 351 Steve German Two The business research process is very crucial to conducting ethical and successful business. This process includes learning everything possible about the company’s customers, competitors, and the industry. Having information and competitive advantage is prudent to conducting any business research. Goals, decision support, business intelligence, strategy, and tactics will only strengthen the research process. The objectives to focus on during the business research process are to determine what products and services to offer, who will purchase them, and how to accurately price and promote those products. It is important to be knowledgeable about what consumers are looking for in the particular industry one is in. The steps in the business research process are to define the objective or problem, create a research proposal, design and prepare materials to carry out the research plan, conduct sampling, observations and collect data, analyze the data collected, and draw out a conclusion and communicate results of the research. While working at Starbucks, we were constantly faced with the changing needs of our customers. There were constant promotions happening, which kept consumers returning for more. Over last summer, Starbucks launched a new product called Starbucks Refreshers, and offered three different ways. We had to come up with a way to effectively sample these new beverages...
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...A2 Psychology: G543 Options Paper Exam Technique and Tips General Exam Information You will be assessed for this unit in a 1.5 hour examination. You will need to answer four questions; two questions from the topic of Forensic Psychology and two questions from the topic of Health and Clinical Psychology. This means you will have about 20 minutes of writing time per question, plus a little bit of thinking time. This is not a long time to maximise your marks, so there are some simple exam techniques to follow below. Each question will be worth 25 marks and be divided into two parts; part (a) and part (b). Part (a) asks you to demonstrate descriptive skills and is worth 10 marks, whilst part (b) asks you to display evaluative skills and is worth 15 marks. General Exam Technique/Advice * Choose the right questions A mistake made by some students is answering questions on a topic they haven’t studied! So ensure you firstly locate the two sections of the paper that you can answer questions on; Forensic and Health/Clinical. In each of these two sections, there will be a choice of four questions. You will only choose two questions per section, so pick which questions you are going to answer and cross out the others. Choosing which questions to answer may be difficult than it first appears because some questions may sound similar. You need to become familiar with the layout and wording of questions prior to your exam. * Know your timings For each question you...
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...Case #4 Inquiring Minds Want To Know 1. Build the management-research questions hierarchy. A. Management Dilemma: Penton Media’s dilemma is the declining returned reader service cards numbers. This decline is causing the number of inquiries to decline, which has caused Penton advertisers to have a smaller number of sales leads. Penton also faces the dilemma of determining will the company’s advertising revenues decrease if alternate methods to stimulate inquiries are used. B. Management question: What should Penton Media do to ensure that targeted readers and advertisers are all getting the appropriate information they need and want? C. Research Question: Should Penton maintain the reader service card program, discontinue it or incorporate modifications? D. Investigative questions: What do advertisers offer as a means for its audience to obtain information about their products and services? How are trade magazine readers influenced when choosing their desired response method? What types of information is sought most frequently? What is the desired timeframe in which information is needed? How many advertisers offer access to their information via the web? Are technological changes causing readers to change their methods of response? E. Rather than three alternatives, Penton may have only looked at maintaining or discontinuing the reader service card. 2. What ethical issues are relevant to this study? In the study questionnaire survey...
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...into several branches. Thus, the scientific revolution began from which the Scientific Method originated. Over the past century, scientists have explained a vast majority of our natural and social world through the use of the Scientific Method. Fundamentally, the method consists of eight steps that are accepted worldwide as the basic model for conducting scientific research: choosing a topic, defining a problem, reviewing literature, formulate a hypothesis, choosing the method of research, gather evidence, conclusion, and sharing the results. At first glance, most of these steps are pretty self-explanatory, but it becomes more delicate when it arrives comes to forming the hypothesis, research method, and collecting data. It is crucial for researchers to be value free when it comes to conducting their research. One’s own beliefs should not impair their ability to logically assess their data. Biased work is a highly unacceptable within the scientific community, but since human beings are inherently susceptible to support their personal biases, the replications of previously conducted studies are vital in order to achieve objectivity in research. By repeating the study over and over again, the data can either be further authenticated or detection...
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