...the work family conflict which is in simple term refer to the situation which occurs due to the imbalance in the working area and family where an individual cannot fulfill the role in the both areas. The main purpose of this paper is to unfold what the work family conflict and dual professionalism is. Furthermore, this paper reviews the article that pinpoint the factors that is responsible for work family conflict. The main aim of this paper is to figure out how the factors like gender, culture, job satisfaction and stress end up in work family conflict. Likewise, this paper also reviews the ways to control the work family conflict to some extent. Keywords: Work family conflict, Gender, Culture, Job Satisfaction, Stress Introduction Work-family conflict has been the important issue in the present scenario. Today both the couples are working in a particular field in order to pursue their goals. In the past decades, mainly women were responsible to balance the work and family. As the time changes, men have been also responsible to balance family and work. Female were only supposed to stay in home in the past era. These days the idea is completely changing. Both the couples work and pursue their dream. These days it is clear to us that both the couples work and share the responsibility of the family and care giving. (Greenhaus et. al, 2000). Both the couples are finding difficult to balance the work and family life. The term work family conflict and family work conflict seems...
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...A Sino-U.S. Comparison of Work-Family Conflict and Its Implications to American Managers A SINO-U.S. COMPARISON OF WORK-FAMILY CONFLICT 2 Abstract In this qualitative study, work-family conflict in China and the United States is compared and contrasted based on national culture, traditions, norms, and living standards. The analysis results in a proposition that Chinese employees will experience less work-family conflict when faced with the same work and family demand as their American counterparts, because of differences in their work and family priority, perception of work-family relationship, national culture, conflict handling style, social support, work-family communication, and economic pressure. The implications to American managers are discussed. A SINO-U.S. COMPARISON OF WORK-FAMILY CONFLICT 3 A Sino-U.S. Comparison of Work-Family Conflict and Its Implications to American Managers Work-family conflict has been a concern of many researchers (Carlson & Kacmar, 2000; Greenhaus & Beutell, 1985). Studies showed that work-family conflict had negative impact on employees, their families, and organizations (Beutell & Witting-Berman, 1999; Burke, 1988; Frone & Cooper, 1992; Goff, Mount, & Jamison, 1990; Martins, Eddleston, & Veiga, 2002). Recent changes in demographic characteristics of the U.S. work force have resulted in greater work-family conflict. Examples of these demographic changes include the...
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...International Conference page 15 CONFLICT IN WORK TEAMS: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS Brittany Sikes, Florida Institute of Technology Robert D. Gulbro, Athens State University Linda Shonesy, Athens State University ABSTRACT Conflict is almost certain to occur in work teams due to the fact that they are comprised of different people possessing different perceptions, personalities, and behaviors. Although incredibly effective, work teams may stumble upon barriers which must be overcome to allow for growth and continuation towards the common goals of the group. It is quite possible that a work team may perform without the presence of conflict, but oftentimes certain measures have been implemented to prevent such conflict from occurring. Occasional conflict, if managed appropriately, can lead to creativity, better decision-making, and improved results. However, too much conflict can lead to a decrease in performance and group cohesion. In global organizations there is an opportunity for cross-cultural differences that may increase conflict. Contained herein are both the positive and negative consequences of conflict, as well as courses of action to understand, prevent, and resolve conflict that occurs within work teams or groups. THE VALUE OF WORK TEAMS A work team is defined as an organized group, committed to the individuals within the group, whose members share the same intent of accomplishing a common goal. Managers have become more inclined to utilize work teams when presented with missions...
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...What are the indications that conflict may be present in a work group? What are two methods for addressing/resolving such conflicts? Justify your rationale. I would like to say that people are able to easily pick up on workplace tension when it is constantly in their mists. Per the ETU website, signs of workplace or workgroup conflict can be: • cliques or factions meeting to discuss issues separately, when they affect the whole organisation • one group being left out of organising an event which should include everybody • groups using threatening slogans or symbols to show that their group is right and the others are wrong • colleagues not speaking to each other or ignoring each other • contradicting and bad-mouthing one another • deliberately undermining or not co-operating with each other, to the downfall of the team The big question though is how to address or resolve these conflicts. Noticing or being on the receiving end of work place conflict is only one side of the situation. Taking action about it can cause further division or at times in extreme cases, causing the group to dissolve. A few suggestions for handling such issues are taken from a blog posted by Pathak. Pathak places emphasis on presenting a “super ordinate goal” to bring pack into perspective the reason the group exists to begin with. “Focusing attention on the higher goals that the groups share or the long-range aims that they have in common tends to make the current problem...
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...1 Life Role Values 14 2.3.2 Gender Role Orientation 15 2.3.3 Job Type 16 2.3.4 Work Time Commitment 17 3.0 Research Methodology 18 3.1 Research Design 18 3.1.1 Types of Study 18 3.1.2 Sources of Data 19 3.2 Measurement 20 3.3 Data Collection Procedures 21 3.3.1 Data Collection and Administration 21 3.4 Data Analysis Techniques 22 4.0 References 24 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Introduction to the Study Nowadays, balancing work, housework, and childcare responsibilities can become strenuous which can result in work- family conflict. There are many studies that focus on the relationship between work-life and personal life, as well as the impact of one on another. People continuously get in touch with friends, relatives, organizations and colleagues in their life routine. They have different roles according to their positions in society and it is possible that they live role conflict once in a while. Furthermore, one of the most important problems in business life is work-family conflict in the modern world. While problems such as bad relations with superiors in the workplace deeply affect family relations, family problems such as divorce also reduce the performance of the staff (Ozdevecioglu and Doruk, 2009). It is evident that an employee's work life affects and is affected by his family life, whether negatively or positively. While inflexible and extensive hours, work overload, and job stress lead to stress in family life, child care and intensive involvement...
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...by senior management, but Jessica felt that Alan could have demonstrated a firmer opposition to the proposal, as he also believes it would make everybody’s working day more strenuous. Having not done particularly well at school, Alan has found a job that he really enjoys and suits him. Surprised by the promotion that he receives, it boosted his confidence and he was looking forward to managing the colleagues that he previously worked with. Due to this, Alan sees a split in the team dynamic. Half of the team continues to treat him in the same as they did before the promotion, which is difficult when challenging the standard of work that is produced. The other half of the team distances themselves from Alan, and he gets the impression that they degrade his performance by saying negative things about him in secret. Jessica becomes more difficult to work with, and Alan thinks she is annoyed that she was not offered the promotion, as she is slightly more experienced and is a longer serving member of the newspaper. Jessica seems to want to sabotage Alan’s attempts to become a successful manager, as she makes small remarks during team meetings, which undermines his authority. The...
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...females going out to work. However, several problems have arisen as a result of this, which need to be addressed in order to maintain an integrated society. This essay will discuss the causes and effects of two of these problems and suggest possible solutions. One of the main issues regarding the phenomenon of married females going out to work is women afford an intensive lifestyle. Dex [1998] supports that women experience more inter-role conflict than men. In addition, Aryee and Luk (1996) found out that women tend to support family at the expense of work. It reveals that women are bearing more stresses from work and family. Consequently, women need to bear more stress than men and it might affect their standard of living. Besides having intensive life, another issue related to married females going out to work is that the companies’ efficiency maybe decreased. Kanter (1977) observes that work and family cannot be considered as separate entities. That means the unpleasant moods can spill over from work to family and vice versa. As the majority of the organizations not allow their employees to choose their own working schedule. If women need to take care of their work and family at the same time, they may feel hard and may cause conflicts with their colleagues, family members or even supervisors. From the above, we can see that there are inconvenient for married women to go to work in Hong Kong. However, I am not talking about married women should not go to work. I just want to...
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...was the simple random and purposive sampling methods. The circuit is made up of ten public basic schools in 3villages. The main tools for gathering data were questionnaires, interviews and observations. The statistical tool used in the analysis of the data included percentages derived from frequencies and these were presented in tables. Conclusions drawn were that teacher absenteeism in the Abesim circuit led to the teachers’ inability to complete syllabi, there were poor examination results and also excessive pressure on substitute teachers, etc. Some of the recommendations made are: school authorities should use regular attendance to school as one of the basis for promoting teachers, avoid paying teachers for those days they did not work, empower Heads of Basic Schools to be able to sanction absentee teachers. Key words:Teacher, Circuit, Absenteeism, Public...
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...A Research Study on How Jollibee Foods Corporation Turned a Simple Manila Business College Student into a Professional Individual Ramos, Abegael O. BS-HM Table of Contents Title Page ....................................................................................................................... i Table of Contents …....................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgement ….................................................................................................... iii Chapter I. The Problem and Its Background Introduction …............................................................................................................... Background of the Study …............................................................................................ Conceptual Framework ….............................................................................................. Statement of the Problem ............................................................................................ Hypothesis ….................................................................................................................. The Importance of the Study ……………………………………………………………………..….……….. Scopes and Limitations ….............................................................................................. Definition of Terms …...........................................................................
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...Master of International Business Administration Business Research Methods for Managers-Fall 14086 THE REASONS BEHIND EMPLOYEE TURNOVER, ITS’ EFFECT AND THE METHODS TO REDUCE IT Supervised By Dr. Ashraf Elsafty Presented by: Yasser Hassan El Sayed Created Date: Oct 10, 2014 Last updated: Dec 11, 2014 Table of Contents LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 3 1. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 4 1.1. AN OVERVIEW 4 1.2. PROBLEM DEFINITION 4 1.3. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE 4 1.4. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 5 1.4.1 MODEL VARIABLES 6 1.4.1.1 Dependent variable 6 1.4.1.2 Independent variables 6 1.4.2 RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS 6 1.4.3 RESEARCH LIMITATIONS 6 1.5. RESEARCH QUESTIONS 7 1.5.1 MAJOR QUESTIONS 7 1.5.2 MINOR QUESTIONS 7 1.6. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 7 1.6.1 RESEARCH TYPE 7 1.6.2 SAMPLING 7 1.6.3 DATA ANALYSIS METHODS 8 1.6.4 DATA ANALYSIS METHOD 8 1.7. THESIS STRUCTURE 8 2. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 9 2.1. INTRODUCTION 9 2.1.1 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 9 2.1.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH 9 2.2. PREVIOUS STUDIES 9 2.2.1 REASONS BEHIND EMPLOYEE TURNOVER 9 2.2.2 SYMPTOMS THAT ORGANIZATION FACE IN RESPONSE OF TURNOVER 10 2.2.3 COSTS OF EMPLOYEE TURNOVER 11 2.2.4 MANAGING TURNOVER THROUGH SELECTION 11 2.2.5 THE FORMATION OF AN EFFECTIVE RETENTION MANAGEMENT PROGRAM 11 3. CHAPTER 3: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND RESEARCH DESIGN 12 3.1. INTRODUCTION 12 3.2. PROBLEM DEFINITION 12 3.3. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE 12 3.4. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 13 3.4.1 DEPENDENT VARIABLES...
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...stress and work-family conflict Abstract Stress, work-family conflicts and flexible scheduling are three of the most important elements in organizational studies. The focus of current study is to understand the effect of Stress, work-family conflicts and flexible scheduling on employee’s performance and also to understand whether flexible scheduling helps in reducing stress and work-family conflicts or not. A survey has also been conducted to strengthen the idea comprising of a sample of 70 employees from different organizations. 53 of them responded and the respond rate was 75%. Descriptive statistics is used to analyze the data. Results show that stress and work family conflict negatively affect the employee performance and flexible scheduling has a positive effect on employee performance. Primary study as well as literature review showed that flexible scheduling also helps in reducing stress and work-family conflicts. However, results are strongly based on the literature review i.e. secondary data. Introduction Work family balance is one of the most emerging concepts in the field of business and in the corporate world. Organizations are trying to reduce this conflict for the betterment of organization as well as for the employees. Western researchers have done a considerable work on this concept of work-family balance (Berg et al., 2003; Frone, 2003; Rossi, 2001; Marcinkus et al., 2007; Young, 1999). Actually work-family balance is used to reduce the work-family conflict...
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...Capital on Work-Family Conflict and Its Outcomes Amna Binte Shehzad Malik Ahmed Bin Shehzad Malik Kaniz Fatima and Asbah Shujaat University of Central Punjab Author Note Research Article written by students of BBA at Faculty of Management Studies, University of Central Punjab, for the completion of Research Methodology course under the instruction of Inam-ul-haq, Assistant Professor at University of Central Punjab Any correspondence regarding this article should be addressed to Ahmed Bin Shehzad Malik. Email: ahmed.shehzad5@gmail.com INTRODUCTION The success of any organization is highly dependent on how its employees work and perform tasks (Lambert, 1990). For quite some time, employees have been facing difficulties in the form of work-family conflict because they are unable to fulfill the roles of their work life and family life properly. Work-family conflict affects the productivity of an employee which, consequently, has impact on the outcomes for the organization. The recent explosion of interest in the work-family interface has given rise to a number of concepts that try to explain these two major fields of life in terms of work-family balance, accommodation, compensation, spillover, work-family enrichment and work-family integration etc. (Barnett, 1998; Edwards & Rothbard, 2000; Friedman & Greenhaus, 2000; Greenhaus &Beutell, 1985; Lambert, 1990). One term commonly used and cited in these research works is work-family conflict. The relationship...
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...Analysis of Factors Affecting Work Life Balance among University Teachers: the case of Pakistan Noor Fatima: Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Pakistan. noor_e_fatimah@hotmail.com Dr Shamim A.Sahibzada: Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Pakistan. shamim@szabist-isb.edu.pk Abstract Balance in work and family life is an emerging challenge for both employees and employers. The present research categorises selected variables as work and family related factors to study work life balance. This paper analyses the determinants of work and life imbalance with respect to male and female university teachers. A total of 146 teacher’s responses from both private and public sector universities are included in the study. Statistical analysis reveals that partner support, colleague support and job resources are positively associated with the work life balance whereas unfair criticism at job is negatively associated with work life balance. Independent sample t-test is used to analyse the effect of independent variables on work life balance with respect to male and female university teachers. The variables, partner support, childcare responsibilities, elder dependency, and colleagues support have different effect when analysed by male and female university teachers as independent samples. Keywords: Work life balance, University, Teachers, 1. Introduction Work/life is commonly referred to as work and family. To balance between...
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...Organizational behavior Q1. What are the causes of stress to Phil’s life? Give evidence from the case to support your views. Firstly, it is the work overload stressors. For the case mentioned, Phil worked six days a week. He worked for too many hours per week and his workload was heavy. Also, as Phil was one of six vice-presidents, he needed to maintain and build a positive image to his colleges and subordinates. Therefore, he might demand himself to do better. Secondly, it is the low task control stressors. It means the jobs required high responsibilities. Phil had many important responsibilities. He might need to have some important meetings. Or he might need to decide a long term strategy and goals within the company. Besides, he wanted to be promoted but the competition was quite keen. Finally, it is the work family conflicts. As Phil used too much time on work so he might ignore the communication in the family. He had insufficient time to satisfy his non-work roles of being a father. For example, he had nothing to say with his daughter. He may feel stress for that. Q2 What are the consequences of the above stressors to Phil’s professional (work) and personal life? Firstly, Phil didn’t have time to relax. Besides golf game, he had no ‘extracurricular interests’. Just sit in front of the computer and lack of enough exercise would lead to some health problems like heart diseases, especially he was in the middle age. Secondly, Phil might have some health...
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...relationships Goleman (1995). Researchers today are interested in finding the effects of emotional intelligence on employees and thereby, organizations, and analyzing the various other facets of EQ. Emotional intelligence improves individual and organizational performance. It plays a significant role in the kind of work an employee produces, and the relationship he or she enjoys in the organization. Work – Life Balance is a challenging issue for IT leaders, managers and has also attracted the attention of researchers. Work/life balance, in its broadest sense, is defined as a satisfactory level of involvement or ‘fit’ between the multiple roles in a person’s life. In this climate managing the boundary between home and work is becoming more challenging. Organizations need to ensure they not just encourage but mandate a practical and workable work/life balance policy, benefiting and meeting the needs of both the organization and its employees. Organizations not providing real opportunity for employees work/life balance are opening themselves up to increasing numbers of dissatisfied and unproductive employees and hence increased attrition rates. Merely creating a work/life policy framework is not enough; fostering an organizational...
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