...An everyday person faces conformity everyday of their life. Some people experience different situations and many face the same. MY experiences with conformity are typical and not extravagant. I have had some times where it was the simplest things such as when I'm waiting in a line and everyone is on their phone, So I go ahead and pull out my phone to make it less awkward for me and everyone else. Other times would be when I was in lunch the lunch line maybe two weeks ago or so and there were people telling me not to get an item that was available and I, out of not wanting to fit in with their opinions, didn't get the sandwich and went with their choices. However, I have had one experience that I would consider a huge act of conformity. I remember...
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..."The reward for conformity is that everyone likes you except youself," as stated by Rita Mai Brown illustrates that when forced to agree with everyone, the person theirself will not feel comfortable. On the other hand, as we grow up, people always tell us do not be like him or her, on the other hand they expect us to be like everyone else in many different forms. Parents always speak to their kids about discovering something new and being what they want to become, but how would this be possible if everyone wanted to be the president while only one person can president. Challenging the expectations of everyone can be regarded as bad and rebellious by mans. However, some may argue that nonconformity is just a way of conformity. In the first place, nonconformity is seen as a rebellion by many, however many scientist and artist take advantage of nonconformity thinking to create new ways of seeing the world. Not to mention Artist who are often regarded as weird loners just because most of them are single and live a life that does not include many other people in their social atmosphere. On the other hand, after...
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...Katie Sun Geers 11H English/ Per 5 October 6, 2014 Kennan Rewrite Compulsions for Conformity In the United States, the element of power exists in institutions outside of courts of law and police establishments, such as in the economic system, in settings lacking a forceful, dominant organization, and especially in the compulsions of social life that influence compliance to the norm. Kennan’s most compelling observation is that Americans place extraordinary obligations of group conformity upon themselves (Kennan, 18-20), which can be seen in America’s education system and the media. The education system preys on people’s intrinsic desire to fit in to evade societal judgment, therefore limiting individuality but adhering to the communal rules...
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...the trend and to not conform. Conformity is whenever someone becomes like everyone else, and just accepts it. They do not try to change, even when change would be for the better. “The average man is a conformist, accepting miseries and disasters with the stoicism of a cow standing in the rain.” –Colin...
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... Abstract The following research personal derives from Solomon Asch's conformity study. The study reflects how human subjects conform to the majority social influence of their peers. The study design was in a controlled laboratory experiment. The following proposal is to determine if subjects will decrease or increase the level of conformity outside a controlled environment. Psychology in Action Part V There are benefits of a controlled laboratory experiment which researches control the variables such as Asch's Opinions and Social Pressures study. The study does have further questions and follow-up studies to determine the magnitude of conformity as a social phenomenon. The social phenomenon of group conformity in a controlled environment has provided further issues to examine. Even though conformity may not increase outside a controlled environment, subjects may conform more outside a controlled environment because subjects conform easily inside a controlled environment. Research Proposal To: From: Date: Subject: Research proposal Research Question: Will subjects be more willing to conformity outside a controlled environment? Thesis: Even though conformity may not increase outside of a controlled environment, subjects may conform more outside a controlled environment because subjects conform easily inside a controlled environment. Proposed Research Topic: Will subjects be more willing to conformity outside a controlled environment...
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...competing incentives to consider in planning a tax reporting strategy, including financial reporting effects. I present preliminary results that Internal Revenue Service audit adjustments increase in the excess of book income over taxable income. This is evidence that firms incur additional costs for reporting higher book income than taxable income. I also investigate the relationship between compliance costs and taxes paid. Existing descriptive research emphasizes the social cost burden of such compliance costs. Preliminary results indicate that firms that spend more on tax research and planning report lower tax expense. results that proposed Internal Revenue Service (IRS) audit adjustments increase as the excess of book income over taxable income increases. This is evidence that firms incur additional costs for reporting higher financial statement income than taxable income. I also investigate how the level of conformity varies as the relative incentives for book income versus tax savings change. Tax regimes that require more conformity between book and tax accounting will likely induce higher tax payments than those firms whose incentives to maintain high book income are the greatest. In addition, government enforcement costs may be higher under a regime where the tax base is not as strongly related to financial income as is the present corporate income tax system. Second, I investigate the relationship between compliance costs and taxes paid using data from the Slemrod and...
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...individuals, especially with those who are authoritative figures. With many forms of destruction and life-threatening violence taking place during the middle part of the 20th century, many psychologists and scientists took interest in how ordinary individuals reacted to individuals in authority. One psychology in particular, Stanley Milgram, conducted a series of experiments investigating individuals’ obedient behavior to authoritative figures, whether positive deeds or acts of violence. This paper will summarize Milgram’s famous research as well as analyze the most current research of conforming to authority. Additionally, this paper will examine the current research on Milgram's findings from the early part of the 1960s. Summary of Milgram's Research Stanley Milgram (1963) was a social psychologist who set out to investigate human obedience, especially following the Second World War and in particular, the Holocaust (Milgram, 1963). Milgram’s interest was to conduct a study to answer the research question, are Germans different? However, as Milgram began to develop a tool used for studying obedience, he soon discovered that all individuals are remarkably obedient to people in authority. Milgram chose a naive subject to administer a dangerous electric shock to a victim, which releases voltage ranges from 15 to 450 (Milgram, 1963). Throughout the experiment, a naive participant is directed to administer more intense shocks to a victim as the role of the teacher were given memory tasks...
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...Abstract Kowalski, R.,& Westen. D. (2005). Psychology (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley This paper will examine basic concepts of human interaction from a psychology perspective. It will describe at least two examples of how human behavior changes based on social situations. The two behaviors that this paper will examine are teenagers who drink in a crowd of their peers but don't drink when they are alone and taking part in bullying in a group but not alone. In both of these scenarios the individual who participates in the behaviors to fit in are “changing their attitudes or behavior to accommodate the standards of peers or group by a process called conformity (Kowalski & Westen, 2005).” The paper will also discuss precursors and consequences of both of these behaviors. Next, the paper will analyze and identify any associated phenomenon like social facilitation, social loafing , or groupthink. Last, there will be some discussion from the NIMH on whether or not these behaviors necessitate intervention. Social Influences Paper Introduction “Sociologist and philosophers have recognized that people behave different in crowds than they do as individuals and that a crowd is more than the mere sum of its parts (Kowalski & Westen, 2005).” Human behavior changes based on the social situations they encounter. This paper will examine basic concepts of human interaction from a psychology perspective. It will describe at least...
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...Influences of Conformity and Obedience Jamie Tyler University of Phoenix Social Psychology Psych555 Prof. Kimberly Kinsey May 7, 2012 Influences of Conformity and Obedience “Social influence broadly encompasses any changes on beliefs, attitudes, or behavior that result from interpersonal interaction” (Fiske, 2010). There are several concepts that aid in the analysis of social influence. Two of these concepts are conformity and obedience. Conformity is the influence of the majority on an individual and obedience is the influence authority has on subordinates. Conformity and obedience are related in the fact that they both have the ability to persuade an individual or group of individuals to change his or her thoughts, actions, and behaviors, regarding a particular situation. Conformity and obedience are also related in that they can change the way individuals view others within a certain community, culture, ethnic group or environment. This paper will evaluate the effect of group influence on the self using both classical and contemporary literature, compare and contrast concepts of conformity and obedience and analyze individual and societal influences that lead to deviance from group norms. Conformity and obedience are important factors in groups because they command members of a group to follow societal norms. Conformity is a needed concept of social influence because it can enhance members of a group sense of belonging, as well as, self esteem. Conformity can be clearly...
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...Communicating the Value of Psychology Position Paper Nagle Catholic College Danni Carroll “Psychology is the scientific study of how we think, feel and act. It aims to answer important questions such as what motivates people to behave the way they do and what factors influence the way they think, feel and behave as they grow up and develop” (Fletcher and Garton, 2007). Psychology is applied to society as a whole; it can help us understand how we as individuals can function as members of society and the values and attitudes to things such as Culture, Social values and practices and Social, Historical and Political Influences. Psychology studies have also taken us into the minds of others and how they react to certain situations; from this psychologists have created the areas of Social Psychology, Relational Influences and Communication that their studies fall under. The study of psychology also lets us find out more about ourselves as individuals such as our Biological Influences, Cognition, Developmental and Personality (Fletcher and Garton 2007). This position paper is aimed at a year 12 Psychology class studying 3AB Psychology: Self, Others and Society. The class consists 17 students with the majority of the students being female and aged 16-17. The purpose of this paper is to provide the students with a clearer understanding of the Psychology areas of Self, Others and Society. Case Study 1 – Personality Personality is defined as the characteristics of a person...
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...Malcolm X , I read the book The Autobiography of Malcolm X as told by Alo simply take my old paper, which was research based, and fashion it into an argumentative thesis. I am now more mature as a student and my perspectives and ideas regarding both the man Malcolm X, and his autobiography, have changed. Where I once thought he was a radical, and sought to prove why his earlier ideas were dangerous and violent, I have come to grow from emotionally reacting to his ideas with volatility to accepting them with a more open mind; I now want to examine the philosophical roots and the more psychologically significant events that he underwent during his life that justify his ideas. As one set of events happened, he’d be polarized in the direction of success in c of ma, but Malcolm X underwent sets of events in his life that caused him to bounce back and forth, radically so, between two juxtaposing constants—conformity and non-conformity. Though with most of his later life and political-religious endeavors he is largely rebelliouat I will pay close attention to. I will discuss these instances and how his personality served as proverbial gunpowder to the flames that were the rauses, I will argue that, throughout his life, he has steadily been climbing toward a psychological equilibrium. As each set of events shiftedemonstrated having multiple times throughout the book with every endeavor he sought was conducive to this process of polarization. The first instance of consolidated...
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...Influence of Conformity and Obedience “Social influence broadly encompasses any changes on beliefs, attitudes, or behavior that result from interpersonal interaction” (Fiske, 2010). Humans are known as social beings that live together forming diversity of groups forming and improving relationships within their groups. Social influence, which is very natural, is the result of communication and interaction in between groups. Conformity and obedience are concepts that support the analysis of social influence. Conformity and obedience both can persuade and change an individual(s) thoughts, actions, and behaviors. They also can change the individual(s) views of others within the community, culture and/or ethic group. In this paper I will discuss the issues of conformity and obedience; I will compare and contrast the concepts of conformity and obedience, analyze a classical study concerning the effect of group influence on the self, analyze a contemporary example of the effect that group influence has on the self and analyze individual and societal influences that lead to deviance from dominant group norms. Compare and contrast the concepts of conformity and obedience. Conformity is an important concept of social influence for it increases individuals or groups sense of belonging and self-esteem. Conformity is clearly observed when people are in groups that pressures individuals to say or do things that they normally would not do to be compatible with the group, to fit in...
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...A Research Presented to the Faculty of Lyceum of the Philippines University Department of College of Arts and Sciences Social Factors that Fuel the Influence of Peer Pressure in Adolescent Smoking In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Social Psychology under Ms. Amor Santiago School Year 2014-2015 Members: Gaña, Servil R. Gonzaga, Marc Ian V. Dela Cruz, Jamella Mariz CHAPTER I I. Introduction “Smoking is dangerous to your health.” Despite of this warning printed on every box of cigarette, people still tend to buy these “cancer sticks”. People are aware of the costs of cigarette smoking, and we know for a fact that, behind a stick’s purpose of giving pleasure or relief, it slowly kills, not only an individual but also the environment. Yet smoking exists. It would have been tolerable for people in their middle adulthood to smoke since they have their personal and somehow dignified reason for smoking, but why did smoking have to invade the adolescent’s realm of pure inquisitive innocence? This research paper aspires to extract some of the factors that have a definite influence on why and how adolescents learn to smoke. Years of research about adolescent smoking have already been conducted, thousands of papers have been printed and many psychologists, researchers, students and professors went through stress just to gather data and information about adolescent smoking. These efforts are very helpful and it continues to spur great awareness among others...
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...PSY/400 | Social Psychology Definition Paper | Julee Poole | | Jamie Uber | 7/29/2013 | In this paper I want to explain what the meaning of social psychology is and how social psychology differs from other fields, such as clinical psychology, general psychology, and sociology. Also I will explain the methods used to research social psychology. | Social psychology is the branch of psychology that deals with social interactions, including their origins and their effects on the individual. Social psychology looks at all different types of social interactions, including group behavior, social perception, leadership, nonverbal behavior, conformity, aggression, and prejudice. One thing to know about social psychology is that it does not just deal with social influences, but they are vital to understand it. Social psychology has been around since the 1800’s, but wasn’t really used until the horrors of the Holocaust; it led researchers to study more on the effects of social influence, obedience, and conformity. Also the government wanted to use social psychology to influence the citizens; it has grown since then and more and more are interested in understanding social experiences and behaviors. Social psychology differs from sociology because it deals with social behavior of an individual and uses more experimentation, when compared with personality psychology; it tends to focus less on an individual and more on how they affect one another. Social psychology tends...
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...Social influence occurs when one's emotions, opinions, or behaviors are affected by others.[1] Social influence takes many forms and can be seen in conformity, socialization, peer pressure, obedience, leadership, persuasion, sales, and marketing. In 1958, Harvard psychologist, Herbert Kelman identified three broad varieties of social influence.[2] 1. Compliance is when people appear to agree with others, but actually keep their dissenting opinions private. 2. Identification is when people are influenced by someone who is liked and respected, such as a famous celebrity. 3. Internalization is when people accept a belief or behavior and agree both publicly and privately. Morton Deutsch and Harold Gerard described two psychological needs that lead humans to conform to the expectations of others. These include our need to be right (informational social influence), and our need to be liked (normative social influence).[3] Informational influence (or social proof) is an influence to accept information from another as evidence about reality. Informational influence comes into play when people are uncertain, either because stimuli are intrinsically ambiguous or because there is social disagreement. Normative influence is an influence to conform to the positive expectations of others. In terms of Kelman's typology, normative influence leads to public compliance, whereas informational influence leads to private acceptance. [edit] Types Social Influence is a broad term...
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