...Congestion has become one of the fundamental problems confronted by big cities. There are those who argue that congestion charge is the most effective way to make alleviate the situation. As I shall argue, reasons why congestion charge can reduce traffic jam will be explained in this essay. According to London transport data (2012), before 2003 more cars went to the central London than buses in the weekday morning peak. After applied congestion charge policy in 2003, the number of people using bus and motorcycle have increased dramatically while the number of people commuting by car have experienced the opposite trend. It is clear that congestion charge has had a positive impact on congestion situation of London. The charge force people to find other environment-friendly vehicles to use such as buses and motorcycles, rather than using cars to go to work (Livingstone, 2008). There are those who maintain that in spite of traffic jam reduction, the congestion charge has brought many disadvantages to the society and economy (Morris, 2008). Firstly, many retailers in the charging zone have faced problem that people tend to go shopping outside city center for their larger purchase. With regard to a report produced by the London Chamber of Commerce and Industry, a quarter of business leaders were thinking of moving their businesses outside the zone. As a result, there will be a big transformation of streets and shops in London and these streets will no longer attract visitors to...
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...are two criticisms of London’s congestion charge that are so serious that it should be scrapped. The first is that driving a car is a necessity for most people: demand will be so inelastic that drivers will not alter their behavior. The second is that only people likely to be affected are low income drivers who have no choice but to travel by car.” Carefully evaluate this statement. The criticism is that this charge will be made redundant as this charge will fail to reduce congestion by a significant amount and people will rather pay the charge than find an alternative form of transport. This lack of behavioral change indicates the charge doesn’t do what it’s set out to do, and the only real benefit is the revenue gained for TFL. Using the graph we can see demand is very inelastic and even an increase in price of the charge, from p1 to p2, will only reduce quantity from q1 to q2. This small reduce in quantity is the reason why this is a criticism as congestion will reduce by a relatively small percentage The criticism is that this charge will be made redundant as this charge will fail to reduce congestion by a significant amount and people will rather pay the charge than find an alternative form of transport. This lack of behavioral change indicates the charge doesn’t do what it’s set out to do, and the only real benefit is the revenue gained for TFL. Using the graph we can see demand is very inelastic and even an increase in price of the charge, from p1 to p2, will only reduce...
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...City Council Regular Meetings are held in the City Council Chambers of the Municipal Building on the 2nd and 4th Thursday of each month at 6:00 P.M. Last Thursday, October 24, 2013 held a council meeting at 308 Fountain Circle 7th floor, Huntsville, Alabama 35801. This was my first meeting I have attended since being in the state of Alabama. There were a lot of interesting residents that had problems/ concerns within their community. There were a few cases that were brought up that caught my attention. One was a guy by the name of Mr. Regenald Hill he spoke from the heart concerning issues within the city of Huntsville. He wanted to know are the city of Huntsville actually bettering the quality of life for all the citizens and is we really focus on being one Huntsville, home from making great decisions from integration mass inconsistency and being able to have a surplus in economy well as keeping jobs international recession. He mainly aim was the city of Huntsville failing schools closing them down, combining them and giving them a new name. Instead of changing the name of the schools, fix the issues within the community where kids can be focus in the classrooms. He also made a valuable point which is that the K.K.K was founded in Pulaski, Tennessee, and now we going to take all the predominant black schools in this city and put them in one building on Pulaski pike. He asks the board to be more transparent toward the school systems in Huntsville and be considerate. Ron Dilmer...
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...Transport for London Central London Congestion Charge, Social impacts Survey 2002, 2003 This report was commissioned by TfL Congestion Charging from the research agency MORI to report on the findings from the main surveys completed as part of the monitoring programme to understand the social impacts of the congestion charge on Londoners and those visiting London. As a panel survey the scale has been unprecedented in researching ongoing social impacts of a transport scheme in London. This programme of research consisted of a wave of surveys ‘Before’ the scheme began, and an equivalent set ‘After’ the implementation of the scheme. The report was the culmination of the project covering the second wave of surveys which was contracted to be undertaken by MORI. The full methodology is clearly described within the report. The report comprises of chapters on each of the main areas covered in the survey. Each chapter then draws on the key findings across each geographical area and comments where there are significant differences between these locations or across classifications within groups of interest. It primarily focuses on results from the ‘After’ wave of surveys, but where appropriate compares these results to respondents expectations from the ‘Before’ wave. The document is very user-friendly, clearly summarising key findings at the front of each chapter, as well as in an executive summary. In addition Chapter 2 provides a useful summary of results across each area and non-socio...
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...Background: Traffic congestion is not a new problem. The number of automobiles and trucks have been increased during the last few decades after the car boom period. So there was an urgent need for constructing more highways and bridges , improving traffic-signal controllers, making changeable highway signs, rerouting rush hour traffic, creating traffic-control centers that monitor and display the overall traffic conditions, using preplanned alternative traffic solutions based on repeated daily traffic patterns, etc. However, some strict financial sanctions or fines must be applied to eliminate the problem of traffic jam. For Jeddah city, the streets are overcrowded with cars and people. At the same time, the airports are welcoming a large number of newcomers all over the world every day. Moreover, the number of roads and bridges is not sufficient to the increasing number of vehicles. In addition, in Jeddah there are approximately four million people both Saudis and expatriates who use over one million vehicles to move around the city. We also expect more. Causes of traffic congestion inside the cities Saudi Arabia is a modern Country, but it also has a modern and serious problem. Every day in the morning and evening, the roads and streets are so crowded with cars, taxis, buses and trucks. In this part will mention the causes of traffic congestion in Saudi Arabia’s major cities. In the next lines, we will speak about the several reasons for traffic problems in...
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...sustainability can be achieved. (40 MARKS) Transport management; PLAN: Speed bumps, traffic lights, round-a-bouts, speed limits, zebras crossings, speed cameras, speed awareness Increase the prevalence of pedestrian areas (MK train station)- achieved by increasing the use of PUBLIC transport, park ‘n ride (Oxford), charge people for using cars= congestion charge in London Introduce bus lanes Boris bikes in London Social, economic and environmental implications of all the strategies of controlling the transport. DISCUSS: reasons for and against come to a conclusion at the end. Sustainability means that any development made meets the needs of the contemporary inhabitants without compromising the needs of future generations. A sustainable city means that the city meets the needs of current and future inhabitants; this is relevant as the focus relates to urban areas. In relation to the management of transport there are many examples of how it can be controlled in order to provide a more sustainable approach to an urban area. The most common strategy of managing transport is by introducing government regulated schemes such as congestion charges and transport schemes e.g. ‘Boris bikes’ which are both in used in London, with bike schemes becoming more popular as a result of the introduction in London in 2010 has inspired the implication of similar schemes in other areas, with a grand total of 600 cities in 49 different countries using them. The scheme allows people...
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...amount of time the incentives were given at separate but equal intervals (Bullock, 2011). A decrease in cars on the road would limit the amount of traffic on the road and also free up precious parking space. Tolls for single use carpool lanes will also benefit in decreasing traffic. The carpool lane is mostly always free of traffic during rush hours which is good for carpoolers, but also counter intuitive. The carpool lane turns into a wasted lane if people are not taking advantage of carpooling. Sensors can be placed in cars to automatically charge the fare for using carpool lanes during rush hours (Bullock, 2011). Commuters will pay for the device and conveniently register on an online website that monitors the use of the charges. In addition to tolls utilized for carpool lanes, they can also be used for high traffic during peak times. The same sensor devices used for carpool lanes can be used for computer monitoring for congestion pricing, also...
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...medical risks. The second part will offer several feasible solutions to the traffic congestion issue, which are carpooling, establishing an intelligent traffic control system and raise taxes. In the first place, it can be argued that a series of problems can be incurred by high traffic congestion levels. To begin with, traffic jams, arguably, will give rise to increased travel time. Taking China for example, Yang et al. (2011) indicated that traffic congestion, in China, was a serious “urban illness” problem, which had resulted in delays in travel time. Accordingly, the economic efficiency of the whole city is understood to be affected to some extent. Secondly, traffic congestion is responsible for bringing about a large number of economic losses for individuals as well as the waste of oil resources. Generally speaking, the continuous stop and start driving in traffic jams will burn more fuel than smooth driving on an open highway. As a result, extra money will be spent on fuels. Just as Du and Zheng (2012) pointed out that traffic jams could result in tremendous economic losses and waste of fuel resources. In addition, another issue is that high traffic congestion levels may cause significant medical risks. Encountering traffic jams will probably be a severe problem during transferring or picking up a patient to an emergency medical procedure. Carnall (1996) argued that traffic congestion, around the hospital sites, would delay...
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...Application of DSS to Traffic Management Table of Contents Table of Figures ............................................................................................................................................. 1 Table of Tables .............................................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 2 Framework and Infrastructure...................................................................................................................... 3 MODELLING AND APPLICATION OF DSS TO TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT .......................................................... 8 MSTEM By (Hasan, 2010) .......................................................................................................................... 8 Fuzzy Logic Application by (Almejalli, Dahal, & Hossain, 2006) .............................................................. 12 MultiAgent Modelling by (Ossowski, et al., 2005) .................................................................................. 15 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................... 18 References .........................................................................................................
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...his freedom of action. Neighborhood Investigation - one of the most crucial steps in kidnap for ransom cases which is often overlooked. The objective is to identify and interview in person all individuals in the area where the victim was kidnapped or last known sighting area during the window of opportunity.(last time seen until the time discovered missing. Crime scene - a venue or place where the alleged crime/incident/event has been committed. Corpus delicti - (latin for the body of the crime) - used to describe the physical or material evidence that a crime has been committed. ex. corpse of a murder victim. Confession - is an express acknowledgement by the accused in a criminal prosecution of the truth of his guilt as to the offense charge. Admission - refers to statement of facts not directly constituting an acknowledgement of guilt. Organized criminal group - a structured group of three or more persons existing for a period of time and acting in concert with the aim of committing one or more serious crime or offenses. Organized crime - a combination...
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...Transport policy in 2011: a new direction? RESEARCH PAPER 11/22 2 March 2011 This paper outlines the changes made to transport policy by the Conservative-Liberal Democrat Coalition Government and looks at some of the long term transport challenges the government is likely to face over the course of this Parliament. It complements and updates House of Commons research paper 10/28, Transport policy in 2010: a rough guide. Louise Butcher Matthew Keep Recent Research Papers 11/05 Social Indicators 18.01.11 11/06 Scotland Bill [Bill 115 of 2010-11] 19.01.11 11/07 Estates of Deceased Persons (Forfeiture Rule and Law of 19.01.11 Succession) Bill [Bill 8 of 2010-11] 11/08 Unemployment by Constituency, January 2011 19.01.11 11/09 Fixed-term Parliaments Bill: Commons Stages 21.01.11 11/10 UK Defence and Security Policy: A New Approach? 21.01.11 11/11 Health and Social Care Bill [Bill 132 of 2010-11] 27.01.11 11/12 Economic Indicators, February 2011 01.02.11 11/13 Anonymity (Arrested Persons) Bill [Bill 9 of 2010-11] 02.02.11 11/14 Education Bill [Bill 137 of 2010-11] 03.02.11 11/15 Budget Responsibility and National Audit Bill [HL] 08.02.11 [Bill 143 of 2010-11] 11/16 The Local Government Finance Settlement 2011-13 08.02.11 11/17 Legislation (Territorial Extent) Bill [Bill 10 of 2010-11] 08.02.11 11/18 Wash-up 2010 11.02.11 11/19 Unemployment...
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...technologies have enabled the collection of data or intelligence which provides relevant and timely information to transport managers and users. In a rapidly changing society the emphasis on road technology improvements to assist in road management has been identified as immediate need of the day. Intelligent Transport systems include wider application of technology to transit systems as well as private car and highways. Therefore, the benefits given by ITS to any transportation system by introducing it are, improved safety, improved traffic efficiency, reduced congestion, improved environmental quality & energy efficiency and improved economic productivity. With the alarming increase in the population, only building new infrastructure cannot solve all transport problems of congestion and emissions. Instead it will go other way by increasing the environmental pollution. In this situation, keeping traffic moving efficiently without congestion is the big challenge that all levels of government are facing worldwide. In the recent times, all the private travellers, commercial road users, and the public sector are continuously searching for new and faster travel routes. Without quality and dynamic data, route selection is...
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...Term Paper on Traffic Jam in Bangladesh TERM PAPER ON Traffic Jam in Dhaka City Prepared For Mohd. H.R. Joarder United International University Prepared By MD. Aminul Islam Ariful islam MD. Mesbahuddin Shahanaz Parvin Mou Jeenniifeerr Islam Date of submission Name of Group Members Letter of Transmittal May 5, 2012 Mohd. H.R. Joarder Faculty School of Business Administration United International University Dear Sir, It is a great pleasure for us to submit our Term papers on “Traffic Jam in Dhaka city”. It is a great opportunity for us to implement the knowledge that we have learned in our academic career to work a Term papers on “Traffic Jam in Dhaka city”. We try our level best to make this Term papers to the required standard. We hope that this report will fulfill your expectation. We therefore, hope that you would be kind enough to go through this report for evaluation Sincerely yours ------------------------- --------------------- -------------------- MD. Aminul Islam Ariful Islam Shahanaz Parvin Mou ----------------- ------------------- Jennifer Islam MD. Mesbah...
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...more important determinant of owning a vehicle. Other determinants such as government policy, auto vehicle financing, household characteristics and travel characteristics are also important. Therefore this paper is analyzing the spatial determinants of private vehicle ownership in Malaysia with a special reference to the Penang Island. Penang Island is located on the northeastern region of Malaysia and is an industrialized and a highly developed island. Penang Island has a population of 575,498 in 2000 and 740,200 in 2010, an increase of 29 percent for the last 10 years. In 2010 alone, there are 111,882 number of new registered vehicles in Penang Island. As private vehicle ownership is also associated with externalities such as traffic congestions, accidents, inadequate parking spaces and pollutions, it is an important component of local and regional transportation policy making. Thus, the implications of the vehicle ownership level on spatial and...
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...to our destination place within hours. You must go out from your house before two or three hours to reach destination which is only 20 or 30 minutes required. Who is responsible for this? Traffic jam is that magician. Traffic jam has become a great monster in our modern life. Traffic congestion is not only affecting our business but the education sector as well. Students cannot do other tasks such as photocopying or collecting notes before attending class in the morning because a lot of time gets wasted on traffic congestions. It wastes lot of working hours of students as well as teachers. In many occasions, students and teachers fail to attend classes in due time. And it is more painful when students fail to reach exam halls and fails just due to a social problem. Now just think everyday how much national time is wasting, how much economical activities are losing, for the traffic congestion problem. This assignment is focusing current situation of traffic congestion problem in Dhaka city. What is Traffic jam? A traffic jam is a long line of vehicles that cannot move forward because there is too much traffic, or because the road is blocked by something. Over the last few years the traffic congestion problem of Dhaka City has visibly been deteriorating steadily. Limited resources, invested for the development of transport facilities, such as infrastructure and vehicles, coupled with the rapid rise in transport demand, existence of old transport and also huge number of non-motorized...
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