... * Tradition refers to ideas, practices or institutions that have endured over time and been inherited from earlier periods. Its very nature creates continuity between the past, present and future. The very name ‘conservatism’ suggests that followers of the ideology believe in the maintenance of tradition and the preservation of continuity. * There are certainly numerous examples in which it is evident that conservatives believe in tradition and continuity; its very development was based on preserving the pre-Puritan traditions. * Despite it being a fundamental part of the ideology, however, history dictates that conservatives have on numerous occasions abandoned such belief in favour of realistic pragmatism, * Such as Disraeli’s identification of the Two Nations and the Conservative government of 1950, following the establishment of the National Health Service in 1946, chose to maintain this popular institution regardless of conservatives originally favouring the traditional method of private healthcare. * It can even be argued that such pragmatism has created a modern Conservative party that bares little, if no resemblance of, conservative ideology; whereas tradition conservatives stressed on tradition, the New Right and modern conservatism has rejected this notion. * The belief in tradition and continuity was given great importance by traditional conservatives. The original conservative thinkers regarded tradition as reflecting religious faith, fashioned...
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...Right realism advocates ‘small’ government and considers the phenomenon of crime from the perspective of political conservatism. Right realism assumes it takes a more realistic view of the causes of crime and deviance. Right realists believe crime and deviance are a real social problem that requires practical solutions. It is said that right realism perpetuates moral panics as a means of swaying the public to agree with their views. For example, the media claims that elderly people are scared to be attacked when venturing out, when in actuality crimes against OAP’s are minimal. (0.3 against men 75+ and 0.2 against women aged the same). Right realists believe that official statistics often underreport crime. But right realists believe they are able to paint a more realistic picture of crime and deviance in the UK. Right realists believe that crime is a growing social problem and is largely committed by lower working class male juveniles, often black, in inner city areas. Right realists believe that there are six causes of crime: The breakdown in moral fabric of society; a growing underclass in the UK; a breakdown in social order; opportunity for crime and that some people commit crime as a deliberate and rational choice. As more crime is committed, society itself deteriorates and this in turn leads to more crime. Marsland in 1988 stated that crime and deviancy is linked to the breakdown in the moral fabric of society. Schools and religion have become less effective...
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...This political term goes back to the second half of former President Clinton’s first term in office. When the democrats lost control of Congress in 1994, Clinton found himself alone in the political arena. Clinton turned to his top advisor Dick Morris for help, who delightedly created the strategy of triangulation. Morris defined triangulation as taking the best of both worlds political ideas, for example taking ideas from democrats and republicans to come up with a third alternative design. With democrats residing to the left and republicans residing to the right a third option must be considered to stay in the center to accomplish a bipartisan policy. This technique requires to reject the ideas of extreme liberalism and the extreme conservatism in which to create a mix and match of solutions towards political issues. A political leader who attempts to triangulate will more or less position themselves in the center rather than to the far left or right. This allows any political figure to evade the downsides of classifying themselves as being too extreme, for example U.S. Senator Barry Goldwater was considered too far right wing conservative. Being too far left or too far right can distance a political figure from possible voters or other political figures....
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...Economic, Political and Social Change Worksheet Michael Alexander History of Western Civilization from the French Revolution to the Present HIS/114 November 02, 2011 Nicole Vieille University of Phoenix Material Economic, Social, and Political Change Worksheet Agricultural Revolution Respond to each of the following questions in two to three sentences: 1. What are the three most important factors contributing to the agricultural revolution in Europe? The three factors that contributed were intensifying traditional practices, putting more land to produce more, and more workers to work the land. Because Europe was continuing to grow, the agricultural growth needed to expand. 2. How did the agricultural revolution change European society? Provide an example. Europe came up with an agricultural revolution to help advance their economy. They used their technique instead of using technology. Europe decided not to use machines, but continue to use human strength, this was to help their crop yields and this method has been used for centuries during population pressure. Industrial Revolution Respond to each of the following questions in two to three sentences: 1. What are the three most important factors contributing to the industrial revolution in Europe? Three of the important factors were the steam engine, the spinning jenny, and the smelting of iron with coke. These were three inventions, but they also had 100’s of new ideas that they applied...
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...Drama Essay Bruce Burton’s statement from Living Drama (2001), states ‘Drama is an art form which is directly concerned with living, with the way we lead our lives. Through drama we explore the way the humans being think, feel and communicate, learning to understand others and ourselves much more fully.’ I agree with this statement and believe that theatre is directly concerned with the way people live their lives. Through drama, we explore many aspects of our lives and learn to understand ourselves and others in differing perspectives. Various theatre styles reflect and address the contextual issues of their times, thus providing evidence to my thesis. Theatre is involved in many aspects of our lives, whether we are aware of it or not. It is present in politics, in religion, in the way we participate in the rituals of daily life. It was in Ancient Greece that the first theatre originated – drama had its roots in religious ritual and celebration, particularly in the worship of Dionysus, the god of festivity. Festivals were serious religious occasions in Ancient Greek times. Tragedies were the main types of plays performed during these festivals – these plays always told the stories of Greek heroes and gods, and showed how good and evil were always in conflict. Citizens of Ancient Greece valued the teachings and values Ancient Greek theatre presented to them, and it affected what they believed in and the way they lived their lives. As the Ancient Greek plays idolised...
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...16PF Analysis – Low and High Factors A Reserved, Detached, Critical, Cool, Impersonal People who score low (sten of 1 to 3) on Factor A tend to be stiff, cool, skeptical, and aloof. They like things rather than people, working alone, and avoiding compromises of viewpoints. They are likely to be precise and "rigid" in their way of doing things and in their personal standards. In many occupations these are desirable traits. They may tend. at times, to be critical, obstructive, or hard. Warmhearted, Outgoing, Participating, Interested in People, Easy-going People who score high (sten of 8 to 10) on Factor A tend to be goodnatured, easygoing, emotionally expressive, ready to cooperate, attentive to people, softhearted, kindly, adaptable. They like occupations dealing with people and socially impressive situations. and they readily form active groups. They are generous in personal relations, less afraid of criticism, better able to remember names of people. Factor B Less Intelligent, Concrete-thinking The person scoring low on Factor B tends to be slow to learn and grasp, dull, given to concrete and literal interpretation. This dullness may be simply a reflection of low intelligence, or it may represent poor functioning due to psychopathology. More Intelligent, Abstract-thinking, Bright The person who scores high on Factor B tends to be quick to grasp ideas, a fast learner, intelligent. There is some correlation with level of culture...
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...characters such as Joyce and historical figures Lady Nijo and Patient Griselda. ‘Top Girls’ is set during Thatcher’s government and explores the role of motherhood, with an all female cast Churchill uses theatre of alienation and characterisation to constantly keep the audience aware that the play is not realistic, this technique is done purposely so the audience focus less on the plot and more on the political and social issues. Similar to the play, feminist author Atwood explores ideas of motherhood and how women treat each other within society through her cautionary tale; The Handmaid’s Tale, the fictive autobiographic novel presents characters such as Offred, Ofwarren and Serena Joy who all share problems with maternal identity. Most of the women presented in the texts have a desire to be a mother yet the societies they live within prevent them from successfully realising this desire. Top Girls is set in 1979 at the end of the decade and the beginning of Thatcher’s tenure. Marlene is representative of all of Thatcher’s values of individualism and competition to the point that in the BBC 1991 adaptation the director even had her wearing blue the symbol of conservatism. But it is upholding these values that creates problems for Marlene. For Marlene to be successful she has to give up her child or be ‘stuck’ like Joyce and yet she does not seem to be happy with this decision. She uses the verbs ‘took’,...
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...Right Realism Right realism advocates ‘small’ government and considers the phenomenon of crime from the perspective of political conservatism. Right realism assumes it takes a more realistic view of the causes of crime and deviance. Right realists believe crime and deviance are a real social problem that requires practical solutions. It is said that right realism perpetuates moral panics as a means of swaying the public to agree with their views. For example, the media claims that elderly people are scared to be attacked when venturing out, when in actuality crimes against OAP’s are minimal. (0.3 against men 75+ and 0.2 against women aged the same). Right realists believe that official statistics often underreport crime. But right realists believe they are able to paint a more realistic picture of crime and deviance in the UK. Right realists believe that crime is a growing social problem and is largely committed by lower working class male juveniles, often black, in inner city areas. Right realists believe that there are six causes of crime: The breakdown in moral fabric of society; a growing underclass in the UK; a breakdown in social order; opportunity for crime and that some people commit crime as a deliberate and rational choice. As more crime is committed, society itself deteriorates and this in turn leads to more crime. Marsland in 1988 stated that crime and deviancy is linked to the breakdown in the moral fabric of society. Schools and religion have become...
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...I. JUDGMENT and DECISION BIASES In the first section of the survey, psychological effects which are relevant for securities markets are defined. These effects mostly derive from common roots. Since it is almost impossible to analyze all the given data, rules of thumbs are preferred such as algorithmic, heuristics and mental modules. Heuristics must be applied to appropriate problems and cases so that they can be effective. There have been debates between both economists and psychologists on how heuristics do. Most of the economists believe in the fact that errors are independent across individual investors. The idea ends up with the equilibrium point and correction. However people mostly share similar heuristics gained from experience. Human mind is not designed solely to make good decisions but also to experience pleasantness. Individuals believe that they are better than they actually are. Also decisions are affected by feelings and mood of decision maker individuals. People can learn from past experiences and failures. However learning is hard and self-deception makes people realize their success more than failures and losses. Many (though not all) of the cognitive biases are stronger for individuals with low cognitive ability or skills than for those with high ability or skills, consistent with biases being genuine errors. A. Heuristic Simplification A.1 Attention/Memory/Ease-of-processing effects Lack of full attention, limitations on memory...
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...Life Insurance Price Discrimination on Indigenous Australians The ethical conflict For many years, the average life expectancy for Indigenous Australians has been lower than the non-indigenous population. Although the life expectancy gap has been gradually decreasing from 2005 to 2012, the remaining differences of 10.6 for males and 9.5 for females are still problematic for the future welfare of the Aboriginal community (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2014). Also, it persists a big challenge to the society as a whole. From the life insurance company’s perspective, the existence of statistical evidence means that insured who belongs to Indigenous population is highly likely to bring more risk to the pool. Correspondingly, a higher premium should be charged to cover the higher death risk this particular group is entitled to. However, discriminating based on Aboriginal status has been increasingly questioned and many people believe that such practice violates the social equality and is simply unfair to the Aboriginal community. The ethical dilemma faced by insurance companies is whether they should sacrifice the benefit of the minority in order to achieve the best possible outcome for the majority. The moral principle of utilitarianism may provide justification for why insurer chooses to charge different premiums for Aboriginal people. However, those who believe more in deontology will argue that the maximum benefit achieved for everyone under the utilitarianism ethical...
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...GENERATIONAL COHORTS The G.I. GENERATION • Born between 1901 & 1924 • Lived through the Great Depression during their youth • Fought WW II (1941-‐1945) as young adults • Winning WW II defined the generation and gave them their name (for Government Issue) • Peer personality: confidence, conformity & problem solving through teamwork The SILENT GENERATION • Born between 1925 & 1942 • Came of age during the ’50’s, and fought the Korean War (1950-‐ 1953) • This period’s icons are ‘beatniks’ and ‘rebels without a cause’ (James Dean, Elvis Presley, Clint Eastwood) • Married young; families averaged 3.3 children • Highly educated mothers were first to speak for women’s liberation • This group was overshadowed by the larger G.I. Generation • They were more process oriented, interested in helping professions, less decisive than previous generation 1965-‐1979 Generation between the Boomers and Ys Approximately 40 million in the U.S. (proportional worldwide) Having grown up at a time when 50% of marriages ended in divorce, the world in was in a state of decay, and there was a skeptical outlook on life and brand promises or guarantees of http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3FtNm9CgA6U As the first generation of latchkey kids, Xers are fiercely independent...
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...market share in antihypertensive, tranquilizers, and oral contraceptives. The company has almost debt- free balance sheet and growing cash reserves (40% of net worth in 1981). AHP was able to gain this huge success in these lines was by marketing expertise. CULTURE OF THE BUSINESS AHP's corporate culture distinctive and this culture had several components. First, the company's culture was known to be reticence. A second element, that the managerial philosophy of AHP was prudence and had a strict financial control. For example, all expenditures that are greater than $500 had to be personally approved by Mr. Laporte, who was the CEO of AHP, even if was authorized in the corporate budget. Another important component of AHP's culture was conservatism and risk aversion. Finally, The Company has a long- standing policy of centralizing, where the chief executive had complete authority. STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT AHP's managerial philosophy was proven to be successful as it produced impressive results. AHP's financial performance was stable with consistent growth and profitability. In the year 1981, the firm was able to increase sales, earnings, and dividends for 29 years. However, this growth has been steady between 10% and 15% annually. Moreover, AHP had 25% return on equity in the 1960's, but it has risen tremendously to 30% in the 1980's. AHP had been able to finance this growth internally while paying out almost 60% of its annual earnings as dividends. Unfortunately, AHP's price- earnings...
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...Wise people speak because they have something to say. Fools speak because they must say something." Don't predict the future, invent it. Davies, Tony & Crawford, Ian 2012, ‘Financial Accounting”, Pearson, Harlow. Pg 7 Prudence Concept Prudence means being careful or cautious. The prudence concept is an ethical concept that is based on the principle that revenue and profits are not anticipated, but are included in the income statement only when realized in the form of cash or other assets, the ultimate cash realization of which can be assessed with reasonable certainty. Provision must be made for all known liabilities and expenses, whether the amount of these is known with certainty or is a best estimate in the light of information available, and for losses arising from specific commitments rather than just guesses. Therefore, companies should record all losses as soon as they are known, but should record profits only when they have actually been achieved in cash or other assets. Consistency concept The consistency concept is an ethical rule that is based on the principle that there is uniformity of accounting treatment of like items within each accounting period and from one period to the next. However, as we will see in Chapter 3, judgement may be exercised as to the application of accounting rules to the preparation of financial statements. For example, a company may choose from a variety of methods to calculate the depreciation of its machinery and equipment,...
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...To: Incoming MBA Students, 2015 Full-Time Program (0101 and 0201) From: Professor Rebecca Hann Faculty Coordinator for BUSI 610: Introduction to Financial Accounting Re: Pre-term Course from Harvard Business School Publishing Date: June 3, 2015 BUSI 610, Introduction to Financial Accounting, is one of the Core courses that you will take in Fall 2015. This course is designed to help you become an informed user of financial statements. Given the duration of the term, we will be moving at a fairly rapid pace. The course will begin with a brief overview of the fundamentals of accounting (key accounting concepts, the accounting process, and the principal financial statements) and then move on to study in greater depth the various elements of financial statements. At the end of the course, I expect you will have a good understanding of a company’s financial statements—be familiar with the process of preparing the statements as well as the ability to interpret and analyze financial data for economic decision making. To do well in the course, you need to have a solid understanding of the fundamental elements of accounting; the remainder of the course will otherwise prove to be difficult. To help you better prepare for the course, you are required to take an on-line web-based course from Harvard Business School Publishing titled Financial Accounting: An Introductory Online Course (FA). This requirement is intended to ensure that all students have a common understanding...
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...Introduction Corporate financial systems represent the business analysis phase of a company. Large companies -- particularly publicly held companies -- use a financial system to help assess financial performance. In some cases, the corporate financial system is a bridge between accounting and management. Rather than focusing solely on the preparation of financial information, financial systems look to gauge performance and make forecasts. Many different financial activities fall under the corporate financial system. Budgets, sales forecasts, profitability measurements, cash flow management, financing decisions and capital structure are just a few of the most common. The department's core purpose is to measure how well the company generates cash and what financing options will result in the best opportunities for growing the business. Individual analysts often make suggestions to management on the best investment opportunities for the company. The corporate financial system often operates under the responsibility accounting theory. This dictates that a business should place individuals in charge of activities under their direct control. For example, one manager may be responsible for budgeting and cash-flow forecasting. Another manager is over capital structure and another over business valuation. This segregation allows each manager to focus on increasing the value added from their section of the department. The aggregate value added is the result of all managers working...
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