...Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism Analysis Study Muhannad M.A Abdallat, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Hesham El –Sayed El - Emam, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud University ABSTRACT The theories of consumer decision-making process assume that the consumer’s purchase decision process consists of steps through which the buyer passes in purchasing a product or service. However, this might not be the case. Not every consumer passed through all these stages when making a decision to purchase and in fact, some of the stages can be skipped depending on the type of purchases. The reasons for the study of consumer’s helps firms and organizations improve their marketing strategies by understanding issues such as: • The psychology of how consumers think, feel, reason, and select between different alternatives (e.g., brands, products); • The psychology of how the consumer is influenced by his or her environment (e.g., culture, family, signs, media); • The behavior of consumers while shopping or making other marketing decisions; • Limitations in consumer knowledge or information processing abilities influence decisions and marketing outcome; • How consumers’ motivation and decision strategies differ between products, that differ in their level of importance or interest that they entail for the consumer; and • How marketers can adapt and improve their marketing campaigns and marketing strategies...
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...Organizational Behaviors of Sustainable Tourism A Partial fulfillment for Bilingual MBA Programme 2013 Subject: Organizational Behavior (Code: BP6903) Lecturer: Dr. Yu Wang Presented by: Yinsi Tu (ID: 5539073 ) Shilong Chen (ID: 5569005) Xingjun Liu (ID: 5561065) Jialing Xing (ID: 55569009) Yunmei Wang (ID: 5569006） Content 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Organizational Culture of Sustainable Tourism 3.0 Government's Policies in Sustainable Tourism Management 4.0 Characteristics and Diversities in Sustainable Tourism 5.0 Tourist Behaviors in Sustainable Tourism 6.0 The Relationship between Sustainable Tourism and Environment Protection 7.0 Conclusion 8.0 Bibliography 1.0 Introduction Today, as the world economy，science and technology and cultural developing aggressively , the increase of personal income and free time, Labor and Leisure has become two important aspects of an integral human social life. Today, leisure sports and tourism is the world's most widely used recreational activities. Leisure sports, people enjoy the beauty and movement created by a pleasant activity in order to express themselves to the outside world. Homer and Swatchbrooke (1996) defined tourism as tourism refers to people temporarily leave permanent residence elsewhere in recreational activities. Tourism is part of the tertiary industry. Tourism enterprise is the...
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...Consumer Behavior in Tourism Industry ABSTRACT The theories of consumer decision-making process assume that the consumer’s purchase decision process consists of steps through which the buyer passes in purchasing a product or service. However, this might not be the case. Not every consumer passed through all these stages when making a decision to purchase and in fact, some of the stages can be skipped depending on the type of purchases. The reasons for the study of consumer’s helps firms and organizations improve their marketing strategies by understanding issues such as: * The psychology of how consumers think, feel, reason, and select between different alternatives (e.g., brands, products); * The psychology of how the consumer is influenced by his or her environment (e.g., culture, family, signs, media); * The behavior of consumers while shopping or making other marketing decisions; * Limitations in consumer knowledge or information processing abilities influence decisions and marketing outcome; * How consumers’ motivation and decision strategies differ between products, that differ in their level of importance or interest that they entail for the consumer; and * How marketers can adapt and improve their marketing campaigns and marketing strategies to more effectively reach the consumer. Consumer Behaviour The study of consumer behavior focuses on how individuals make decisions to spend their available resources (time, money...
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...TOURISM by Student’s Name Code + Course Name Professor’s Name University Name City, State Date Travel and tourism have been one of the important sectors that have contributed majorly to economic development for both developed and developing countries. Tourism industry helps in raising the level of national income and improve the standard of BOP (balance of payments). It also makes indirect contributions through the promotion of good diplomatic relationships among countries. These attributes are important in establishing a competitive economy for any nation. Developing the travel and tourism sector requires effective policies that can help in solving possible obstacles that can prevent the desired progress (Klingmann 2007). Therefore, this paper will present an analysis of the tourism sector in Iceland by identifying the current influences on travel organizations within the tourism industry. In addition, there will be an analysis of theories and models that help explain travel flows and trends in important destinations within Iceland. Influences on travel organizations The performance of travel organizations depends on the political systems within a region. The political setup has a significant impact on how companies form their structures and the way of operation. For example, the relationship established between two countries based on the political ties play a significant role in opening the global market for the tourism industry in Iceland. Also, an...
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...travel and tourism Name: Date: Course title: Task 1 1.1 Core concept of marketing for the travel and tourism sector Travel and tourism are interconnected; there are little differences between the two terms. However, Houge Mackenzie & Kerr (2013) describes tourism as “activities of a person or persons staying in a place outside their homes or their environment for the purpose of leisure, business and other purposes”. Marketing for tourism and travel industry requires excellent marketing strategies and plans in order to attract and prompt different kinds of tourist. However, the perception behind marketing for travel and tourism sectors collaborates of consumers’ needs and wants, as well as meeting the demands of customers. Therefore, Customers’ needs are of utmost necessity which sustains their lives, for instance, water and food. While customers’ wants are goods and services that give consumers fulfilment and desires case in point a car etc. Furthermore, wants are boundless and never ending. As a result, marketing can have a great impact on consumer’s judgment to desire things that wouldn’t look attractive in the first instance. Consequently, Expectations on a whole is how consumers look at certain items or things that they fancy. Based on this, the greater the want, the greater the expectation will be of a particular good and service. Therefore, Thomson holiday must ensure that goods or services meets and satisfies the standard of consumers in order to...
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...emphasis on the influence of trust and culture * To explore internet usage for information searching and product purchasing for online travel products by FEU students. * To determine the positive and negative effects of online travel shopping to the behaviour of FEU students. Review of Related Literature NEW TECHNOLOGIES. They provide travellers with greater access to information, and facilitate the purchase of remote tourism products. (New Web-based and mobile technologies have become important drivers of change in travel behaviour. They provide travellers with greater access to information, and facilitate the purchase of remote tourism products.) (In the context of tourism, this active participation of consumers is becoming especially prevalent through websites that provide consumers with the opportunity to save and print their own travel itineraries or to purchase tourism packages dynamically assembled based on their personal preferences.) CONSUMER BEHAVIOR. The internet has had and will continue to have a tremendous impact on the way consumers...
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...ARTICLE IN PRESS Tourism Management 29 (2008) 811–820 www.elsevier.com/locate/tourman Research Note Shopping behaviors of individual tourists from the Chinese Mainland to Hong Kong Tsan-Ming ChoiÃ, Shuk-Ching Liu, Ka-Man Pang, Pui-Sze Chow Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Received 19 March 2007; accepted 8 July 2007 Abstract Since 2003, the Hong Kong and the Chinese Mainland (CM) governments have established Individual Visit Scheme (IVS) which simplifies the process for CM people to visit Hong Kong. The resulting tremendous increase of CM tourists affects significantly the Hong Kong fashion retailing industry (HKFRI). In this research note, we study the challenges and opportunities brought by IVS for HKFRI. Recommendations are proposed and managerial findings are developed. r 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Chinese Mainland tourists; Individual visit scheme; Tourism; Shopping behavior 1. Introduction Since the Chinese abrogation of tour group quotas in 2002 and the introduction of Individual Visit Scheme (IVS) in July 2003, there is a rapid growth in numbers of Chinese Mainland (CM) visitors to Hong Kong which directly led to a rise in the total tourism expenditure associated with inbound tourism. Amongst the 30 CM cities where IVS was launched, residents from Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Shanghai and Beijing were the major visitors traveled to Hong Kong and a key motivation for their...
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...stay alive. For the purpose of living, human will search for food and this occasion has led to travel. Traveling for food has taken an entirely new meaning from what it used to when voyages were undertaken for spice trade, but voyagers still carried dried food, as the local cuisines were looked upon with suspicion (Tannahill, 1988). Tourists have some basic needs, whether they find themselves at home or whether they are travelling; the most basic of which is to eat (Lopez and Sanchez, 2011). Despite the growing of food tourism in the world, Chang and Mak (2012), food consumption studies are predominantly concerned with understanding the determinants of various food-related behavior, most commonly liking, preference, choice and intake. Food consumption is recognized as a complex behavior with cultural, social, psychological, and sensory acceptance factors all playing a role in the decision making process (Koster, 2009). While it is widely discuss on the behavior of tourist towards the food that they consumed, it is also believe that local food also play a big role on showing their behavioral on food consumption. Cohen and Avieli (2004) stressed that local food at a destination could be an use under certain circumstance. This is possible because tourist have to confront with food in their destination they are visiting, Pliner & Salvy (2006) though maybe some tourists may suffer from “food neophobia,” a concept which refers to human’s natural...
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...business opportunity that Sunshine Coast tourism department and surf school quest to into Chinese international students market (Mihai, 2012). However, due to the gap of lifestyle between Chinese and western world, surf business gained low market share in this tourism competition. This research is going to set up market decision problem, research problem and objectives. This case analyse will use research technique, including Repertory Grid Analysis, to examine and overcome barrier that blocking surf industry into Chinese market. Decision maker’s key goal To increase a number of Chinese tourists in surf business in order to grow market share in tourism industry. Marketing decision problem MDP: should Sunshine Coast surf school develop a new product to attract Chinese student market? Due to china’s unique culture and geography, travel psychology and behaviour of Chinese tourists are specializing and difference with western world (Ivy & Peter, 2008). In terms of market performance of Chinese tourists, they cannot adapt adventure environment in Australia and play risky surfing in Sunshine Coast particularly. When the original surf product cannot satisfy targeted Chinese market, developing new products and providing a wide range of surfing products need to be considered. As a marketer to explore Chinese tourists market to promote surfing activities, it is meaningful to develop a new surfing product that concept with target consumer terms. To change Chinese tourists’ perceptive...
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...HTMi, Hotel and Tourism Management Institute Switzerland The Influences of Electronic Word- Of-Mouth and Social Media on Tourists Decision-Making Process in Deciding Tourism Destinations Helen Pham ( Pham Thu Hien) Diploma 2 Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction........................................................................3 Chapter 2 Literature Review................................................................3 2.1 Theorical Framework.......................................................................3 2.1.1 Social Media....................................................................................4 2.1.2 The eWOM ( Electronic Word Of Mouth)…………………………………………………….5 2.1.3 Decision-Making Process...................................................................6 2.2 The influence of Social media and electronic word of mouth on consumer decision-making process of Tourism Destination……………….8 2.2.1 The Impacts of Social Media on Tourists’ Decision-making Process of Tourists..................................................................................................8 2.2.2 eWOM ( Electronic Word-of-mouth) effect in the tourist purchase decision making process on destination of choice……………………………………………………………..9 Chapter 3 Conclusion and Recommendations……………………………….11 References…………………………………………………………………………………12 List of Figures: Figure 1: Isra Garcia (2010) Social Media Integration Theory Model Figure 2: Kotler (2005) Decision-making...
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...Chapter 2 Literature review This chapter reviews related literatures on overview of International and Thai tourists, general information about Phuket, current situation of tourist industry, attractions and activities, concept of tourist behavior and tourist perception, marketing concept, as well as previous research. Its purpose is to provide general knowledge and overall concept regarding the theories and previous research related to this research. 2.1 Overview of International and Thai tourists According to Tourism Authority of Thailand (2011), the international tourist arrivals to Thailand figure for 2011 reached 19.09 million, an increase of 19.84%. The number of tourists had shown an accumulative growth rate over the first ten months. The flooding crisis late in the year, however, slowed down the growth in the number of tourist arrivals in October, and caused shrinkage of 18% in November 2011. Fortunately, all market groups still retained an increasing growth at the good level, including East Asia at a 32.30% increase, ASEAN at a 21.96% increase, the Americas at a 12.85% increase, Europe at an 11.40% increase, Africa at a 6.73% increase, and the Middle East at a 5.95% increase. Domestic tourism by Thais in 2011 was estimated at 98 million tourists/trips, generating an income of 407.6 million Baht which was less than the target of 421.1 million Baht. The purchasing power dramatically shrank in the second-half year due to the flooding crisis, which abruptly halted...
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...ELECTRONIC WORD-OF-MOUTH IN HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT Stephen W. Litvin College of Charleston Ronald E. Goldsmith Florida State University Bing Pan College of Charleston Stephen W. Litvin is Professor of Hospitality and Tourism Management in the School of Business and Economics, at the College of Charleston (South Carolina); Ronald E. Goldsmith is the Richard M. Baker Professor of Marketing at Florida State University; and Bing Pan is Assistant Professor and the Director of the Office of Tourism Analysis at the College of Charleston. Address correspondence to: Steve Litvin, Department of Hospitality and Tourism Management, College of Business and Economics, College of Charleston, 66 George Street, Charleston, SC 29424. Phone 843-953-7317; Email litvins@cofc.edu Submitted June, 20, 2005 to Tourism Management Revised and resubmitted May 09, 2006 Second revision October 1, 2006 ELECTRONIC WORD-OF-MOUTH IN HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT Abstract Interpersonal influence and word-of-mouth (WOM) are ranked the most important information source when a consumer is making a purchase decision. This influence may be especially important in the hospitality and tourism industry, whose intangible products are difficult to evaluate prior to their consumption. When WOM becomes digital, the largescale, anonymous, ephemeral nature of the Internet induces new ways of capturing, analyzing, interpreting, and managing online WOM. This paper describes online interpersonal...
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...attraction cognitive highest "Want to feel the charm of the beauty of the sparkling fireworks." 2. Attraction directly service quality and behavioral intention positive effects. 3. Service quality direct positive effect on perceived value. 4. Perceived value have a direct positive effect on behavioral intention. 5. The attraction will through service quality indirect effects on perceived value. 6. The service quality will through perceived value indirect effects on behavioral intention. Based on these results, this study is not only to give the Penghu's tourism industry and government units operating on the suggestions, also for future researchers proposed a follow-up to the recommendations of the research direction. Keywords: Attraction, service quality, perceived value, behavioral intention, Penghu Ocean Firework Festival INTRODUCTION Penghu is Taiwan's largest outlying islands, and has a wealth of natural resources, including natural tourism resources (marine ecology, flora and fauna,...
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...Joseph S. Chen Assistant Professor, Department of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA Dogan Gursoy PhD Candidate, Department of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA Keywords Tourism, Holidays, Korea Abstract Investigates the relationship between tourists' destination loyalty and their preferences as to destination. Destination loyalty is operationally defined as the level of tourists' perceptions of a destination as a recommendable place. On-site surveys of Korean outbound travellers were conducted at the Seoul International Airport, South Korea, in March 1997. Of 285 questionnaires collected from Korean outbound travellers, 265 useful questionnaires are analyzed. Multiple regression analysis reveals that three destination preferences, including different culture experiences, safety, and convenient transportation, have a positive relationship with tourist's loyalty to the destination. Results from a path analysis show that past trip experience affects tourists' destination preference. The implications and limitations of the study are discussed in the conclusion. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 13/2 [2001] 79±85 # MCB University Press [ISSN 0959-6119] Introduction Tourist choice behavior is one of the important topics frequently investigated by scholars...
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...Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism Analysis Study Muhannad M.A Abdallat, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Hesham El –Sayed El - Emam, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud University ABSTRACT The theories of consumer decision-making process assume that the consumer’s purchase decision process consists of steps through which the buyer passes in purchasing a product or service. However, this might not be the case. Not every consumer passed through all these stages when making a decision to purchase and in fact, some of the stages can be skipped depending on the type of purchases. The reasons for the study of consumer’s helps firms and organizations improve their marketing strategies by understanding issues such as: • The psychology of how consumers think, feel, reason, and select between different alternatives (e.g., brands, products); • The psychology of how the consumer is influenced by his or her environment (e.g., culture, family, signs, media); • The behavior of consumers while shopping or making other marketing decisions; • Limitations in consumer knowledge or information processing abilities influence decisions and marketing outcome; • How consumers’ motivation and decision strategies differ between products, that differ in their level of importance or interest that they entail for the consumer; and • How marketers can adapt and improve their marketing campaigns and marketing strategies...
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