...Unit 2 AB140 Assignment Danielle Irvine Kaplan University The evolution of management has greatly evolved since the classical approaches beginning early as 4000 BC. During this time managers didn’t draw a strong enough correlation between production and its employees. Although classical approaches had a strong influence on contemporary, it was not until these approaches that organizational managers began to focus less on the organizations capital and more on ever changing environments and the welfare of the organizations counter parts. Through contemporary approaches theorist began to realize successful managerial decisions would need to affect employees on a psychological equal to satisfy an organizations goals. By 1950 the contemporary approaches became the foundation of management from all aspects including recognizing an organization as an open system with external influential factors. Contemporary approaches to management are; Sociotechnical Systems, Quantitative Management, Organizational Behavior and Systems Theory. Within systems theory it has be established that an organization changes inputs into output through a process that will be determined and effected by internal, competitive and macroenvironments. Each approach focuses on a specific aspect of management that would affect the external environments of an organization. In the sociotechnical system the main focus of obtaining effectiveness is by strengthening the relationship between the social system and the...
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...Contemporary Approaches to Management and their Environments The different approaches to management have been changed, fine tuned and discarded over the years. In the coming paragraphs we will take a look at the contemporary approaches. We will examine how they compare to each other as well as if they can be utilized in the three types of environments; internal, competitive and macro environment. The first approach to management would be the sociotechnical systems theory. Researchers believed that for an organization to be successful it would need the social system and the technical system to work together in harmony. The social system consists of the employees, their knowledge, skills, attitude and their understanding of their job. Whereas the technical system consists of the items the employee need to complete the job like tools, devices or even techniques. Both systems would work together to create an outcome that would be beneficial to the organization. The second approach is the quantitative management approach. This approach uses mathematical or numeric techniques to calculate an organization’s issues so the manager can make an informed decision. Some techniques used are the linear equations, forecasting, simulation and breakeven analysis. This method is not used as much due to the fact an organization would need to find people that are very knowledgeable about quantitative mathematics. The third approach is the organizational behavior approach in which...
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...Contemporary Approaches to Management & Environments The Four Contemporary Approaches to Management 1. Socio-technical Systems 2. Quantitative Management 3. Organizational Behavior 4. Systems Theory How the Approaches are Different from One Another Socio-technical systems theory is a contemporary approach to management that says that a proper combination of workers (the social system) and their knowledge, training and tools (the technical system) leads to organizational effectiveness in satisfying customers. Emphasis: Social + Technical Quantitative management is another contemporary approach to management that prioritizes mathematical or statistical analysis as basis for decisions. Emphasis: Quantitative analysis The organizational behavior contemporary approach mainly considers the behaviors and interactions of workers. Emphasis: Individual and group behaviors Systems theory shows that the organization’s performance depends on how effective it is in providing goods or services using inputs from the external environment. Emphasis: Changing inputs into outputs Definition: Open System In the systems theory contemporary approach to management, an open system is a set of components and processes, i.e. the organization, subject to the influence of the external environment. The organization is an open system because its components and processes change due to external factors. Internal, Competitive, and Macro-environments of an Organization The internal environment...
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...The Four Contemporary Approaches to Management According to Bateman and Snell (2013), sociotechnical systems theory implies that organizations are satisfactory when their employees (the social system) have the right tools, training, and knowledge (the technical system) to make goods and services that are valued by customers (Bateman & Snell, 2013, p. 20). The term sociotechnical was invented by the Tavistock Institute of Human Relations in Britain (Marshall 1998). (Marshall 1998) found that “the Tavistock researchers argued that technology merely constrains human action, rather than rigidly determining behavioral outcomes” (para. 2). Employees having the ability to choose can build good interpersonal relationships in the workplace. A quantitative management approach involves the use of mathematics to solve problems on the job. According to Bateman & Snell (2013), “quantitative management helps a manager make a decision by developing formal mathematical models of the problem. Computers facilitated the development of specific quantitative methods” (p. 21). This particular management approach may be used in the workplace when developing new products or even resolving conflicts between employees. Organizational behavior focuses on the relationship between managers and employees. Organizational behavior draws from a variety of disciplines, including psychology and sociology, to explain the behavior of people on the job (Bateman & Snell, 2013, p. 22). According to Robbins &...
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...The four contemporary approaches to management are: systems theory, organizational behavior, quantitative management and sociotechnical systems. Each contemporary approach is influenced by an environment factor. These impacts are macro-environment, competitive environment and internal environment. The macro-environment of an organization involves variables such as political, social, legal and technological. Competitive environment of an organization involves the organization and professional players whom compete in the market place. Internal environment of an organization are components and processes within, such as employees, managers and resources. Each environment is relevant to the contemporary approaches however the approaches are unique in their own way. To elaborate more, the systems theory demonstrates that the organization’s execution relies on how efficient it is administering goods and services utilizing inputs from the external environment, in a matter that changes inputs to outputs. An open system is associations that would influenced by, and that affect, their surroundings, continually interacting with its environment (Bateman & Snell, 2012, p. 42). Internal, competitive and macro-environment are relevant to the systems theory because this approach to management deals with circumstances inside and outside of the organization. Quantitative management organizes scientific or measurable data as premise for choices...
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...Contemporary Approaches to Management & Environments Organizational management can have many approaches. Keeping employees, suppliers and consumers happy can be a complex process. It has been determined that contemporary approaches to management directly relate to an open system and the environments of an organization. Not all contemporary approaches to management relate to every organizational environment directly, but can have an overall impact. Sociotechnical systems theory is a contemporary approach to management that says that the right combination of workers along with their knowledge, training and tools leads to organizational effectiveness in satisfying customers. Quantitative management is another contemporary approach that prioritizes mathematical or statistical analysis as basis for decision making. This approach helps a manager make a decision by developing formal mathematical models including linear programming, queuing theory, simulation, forecasting, inventory modeling, network modeling, and breakeven analysis to resolve a problem (Bateman & Snell, 2013). The organizational behavior contemporary approach studies and identifies management activities that promote employee effectiveness by examining the dynamic nature of individual and group behaviors and interactions along with organizational processes. Systems theory shows that the organization’s performance depends on how effective it is providing goods or services using inputs from the external environment. Systems...
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...CS113: Academic Strategies for the Business Professional Unit 2 Time Management Assignment Full Name: Armijo Cooper Two-digit Section #: 18 Download this document to your computer before filling it out. Save the document (using Save As) as “YourName-Unit 2-TimeManagement” (YourName should be your first and last name. Example: “JohnDoe-Unit2-TimeManagement.doc”). Add your full name and the two-digit section number for this CS113 course to the top of this page. Objective: Consider the time needed to succeed in school. For each course you take, you should allot 12–15 hours for reading, posting Discussion comments, attending Seminars, completing Assignments, reviews and Quizzes (in applicable units). This means that if you have two courses, 24–30 hours should be allotted to school work on this calendar. >>>>> Make sure to complete Item B – Reflection as well! <<<<< Directions: Map out your academic calendar for Unit 2. You may also include any other important activities (personal or work related) during the time period for this Assignment. Save often as you work on this. CHALLENGE: Make this calendar a useful tool that you will continue to utilize throughout the entire term! Item A – Unit 2 Calendar Unit 2 Calendar: Please recognize that Wednesday is the first day of your school week. Place your times and tasks within each segment. Notice the day has been separated into three parts. Your document may expand automatically as you type. Keep this structure...
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...Contemporary Theories of Management Contingency Theory Basically, contingency theory asserts that when managers make a decision, they must take into account all aspects of the current situation and act on those aspects that are key to the situation at hand. Basically, it’s the approach that “it depends.” For example, the continuing effort to identify the best leadership or management style might now conclude that the best style depends on the situation. If one is leading troops in the Persian Gulf, an autocratic style is probably best (of course, many might argue here, too). If one is leading a hospital or university, a more participative and facilitative leadership style is probably best. Systems Theory Systems theory has had a significant effect on management science and understanding organizations. First, let’s look at “what is a system?” A system is a collection of part unified to accomplish an overall goal. If one part of the system is removed, the nature of the system is changed as well. For example, a pile of sand is not a system. If one removes a sand particle, you’ve still got a pile of sand. However, a functioning car is a system. Remove the carburetor and you’ve no longer got a working car. A system can be looked at as having inputs, processes, outputs and outcomes. Systems share feedback among each of these four aspects of the systems. Let’s look at an organization. Inputs would include resources such as raw materials, money, technologies and people. These inputs...
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...Explain how the four contemporary approaches to management are different from one another. • The contemporary approaches to management include: sociotechnical system theory, quantitative management, organizational behavior, and system theory. The sociotechnical system theory is an approach to understanding the relationship between technology, individuals, organizations and society in work place design. "The sociotechnical systems approach says that a change in one part means there will have to be corresponding changes in other parts. “The sociotechnical systems approach says that a change in one part, means there will have to be a corresponding change in other parts. “The quantitative management approach involves the use of mathematical modeling to find the best solutions to problems. One important component of the quantitative management approach is an ability to objectively collect information about a problem and possible solutions to develop appropriate, and useful, mathematical models. Organizational behavior theory usually represents concepts that help a company create better management practices. Concepts such as leadership, decision making, team building, motivation, and job satisfaction are all facets of organizational behavior and responsibilities of management. Systems theory is a broad perspective that allows managers to examine patterns and events in the workplace. This helps managers to coordinate programs to work as a collective whole for the overall goal or mission...
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...Introduction to Management Prof Pouraryan 7 April 2015 Contemporary Management Approaches and Business Environments The human race has always striven to figure out the best way to manage certain aspects of life; whether it be in the home, in recreation or in work. The last few decades people have been systematically researching on how to best improve management in the workplace. They want to make businesses run faster, produce more, and produce better quality products. Business owners and managers have finally developed four contemporary approaches to management; the sociotechnical systems theory, quantitative management, organizational behavior, and the systems theory, and they all differ. These four approaches to management are also relevant in the three environments that a business contains which are the macroenvironment, the competitive environment and the internal environment. As mentioned previously there are four contemporary approaches to management. The first being sociotechnical systems theory which is a combination of several classical approaches. This theory suggests that organizations are effective when their employees (the social system) have the right tools, training and knowledge (the technical system) to make products and services that are valued by their customer (Bateman 35). The second approach is quantitative management. This approach was developed after Word War II and emphasizes the application of quantitative analysis to management decisions and...
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...thutm@ftu.edu.vn Early Management • Management has been practiced for a long time. • Organized endeavors directed by people responsible for planning, organizing, leading and controlling have existed for thousands of years. Early management Adam Smith Scientific Management (1900s) General Administrative Theory (1910s) Management Theory Quantitative approach (1940s) Hawthorn Studies Behavioral science Theorists Human Relation Organizational Behaviour (1930-1950) Contemporary Views Historical background Industrial Revolution Classical Approaches • Scientific Management – Frederick W. Taylor (1856 1915) described scientific management as a method of scientifically finding the “one best way to do a job” - It emphasizes the scientific study of work methods to improve worker efficiency.’ Copyright ©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 1-6 • • • • Scientific methods Training employees Cooperative Task equally assign Scientific management • 4 rules within this method of managing. • Advantages and limitation of the theory Other Classic Approaches • General Administrative Theory – focused on what constituted good management – Max Weber (pictured) described the bureaucracy as an ideal rational form of organization. Copyright ©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 1-9 Henry Fayol (1842-1925) identified 5 management functions and 14 management principles • • • • • ...
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...Antonio Wilson Unit 2 Assignment MT140: Introduction to Management Kaplan University In this paper and assignment the four contemporary approaches to management will be explained. And the definition of open systems and the outline of internal, competitive, and macro environments of an organization. The contemporary approaches to management are sociotechnical system theory, quantitative management, organizational behavior, and systems theory. Sociotechnical system theory is a theory of management that believes technology merely constrains human action instead of rigidly determining behavioral outcomes. This can build good human relations into the technology workflow. Quantitative management relies on solely technology. The quantitative management approach involves the use of math modeling to find the right solutions to problems. Applied to workplace challenges, going from making decisions during product development to fix employee conflicts. Organizational behavior is like sociotechnical system theory when the focus is on people rather than technology. Organizational behavior is the study and knowledge of how people act in organizations. The goal is to build better relationships by achieving human objectives, organizational objectives, and social objectives. Similar the system theory does not look at individuals but the flow of business as a whole. It focuses on subdivisions within the organization and how it ties in with the big picture, the business. An open...
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...Contemporary Approaches The four different contemporary approaches to management are: Sociotechnical systems theory suggests that organizations are effective when their employees have the tools, and training, and knowledge to make products and services that are valued by customers. Quantitative management emphasizes the application of quantitative analysis to management decisions and problems. A manager makes a decision by developing formal mathematical models of the problem. They use techniques as a supplement in the decision process. The limited use of quantitative management is due to managers not being trained in using these techniques. Organizational behavior studies management activities that promote employee effectiveness through an understanding of the complex nature of the individual, group, and organizational processes. An example of this, Douglas McGregor influenced the field of management with his Theory X and Theory Y perspective. Theory X managers assume workers are lazy and irresponsible and require constant supervision and external motivation to achieve organizational goals. Theory Y managers assume employees want to work and can direct and control them- selves. Theory X is known as a self-fulfilling prophecy. Systems theory states that organizations are open systems, and dependent on inputs from the outside world, such as raw materials, and human resources. They transform these inputs into outputs that (ideally) meet the market’s needs for goods and services...
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...Unit 2 Assignment Management, simply put management is dealing with or controlling things or people. A manager is someone that is in control of these things or people. Every person is going to have different skills and styles of management. Contemporary approaches to management are widely used guidelines for managers. There are four contemporary approaches to management; Sociotechnical systems theory, Quantitative management, Organizational behavior, and Systems theory. Sociotechnical systems theory is an approach to management that suggests organizations are effective when their employees have the right tools, training, and knowledge. Employees being the social system and their knowledge being the technical system. This theory ascertains the idea that by ensuring the employees have these factors they will be able to make or produce product valued by consumers. Developed in the late 1950’s researchers believed workers should be given the freedom to fix mistakes early on that would result in waste, rather than later in the process. This approach promoted teamwork and work groups as an important factor for creating an efficient product system. Quantitative Management, adopted in the late 1940’s-1950’s is an approach that focuses on the use of science and math formulas as a management tool. By making a mathematical model of a problem managers can get a better view at the situation and have some aid in the decision making process. However typically managers do not focus solely...
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...The Four Contemporary Approaches to Management Contemporary Approach can also be known as modern approach, new ways of thinking or modern ways to look at things. There are four contemporary approaches to management which consist of social technical systems theory, quantitative management, organizational behavior, and system theory. Sociotechnical System Theory is an approach to organize a working method that can recognize the interaction between technology and humans in a work environment. It is use to promote teamwork and to create efficient production systems. Quantitative Management is an approach that entails the use of mathematical models to discover the best results for problems. Quantitative Management can be use for many challenges in a work environment like, making decisions resolve employee differences. It can be used to collect information about a problem and potential solutions to develop suitable and functional mathematical models. Organizational Behavior is a human relations approach to learn how people, individuals, and group act in organization. Organizational behavior incorporates an assortment of disciplines, including psychology and sociology, to explain the behavior of employees on the job. Systems Theory is a scientific approach that states an organization is a managed system that changes inputs and outputs. System Theory builds a relationship between the organization and the outside environment; by dependent on input from that external environment a...
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