...simplify the interpretation of female characters. These stereotypes fall into three broad categories, those of the Good Housewife, the Scarlet Woman, and the Career Woman, none of which represent a fully mature, fully human form of personality development. In describing these basic categories of women found in the media, researchers have found them to be based on a classic opposition of types. For example, the housewife is characterized as being conservative, loyal, and cooperative, if somewhat out of place in the real world: In addition to the traditionally found housewife stereotype, there exists a strong and quite distinctive stereotype of woman as bunny. Bunny is described as glamorous, good-looking, pleasure-loving, romantic, excitable, passionate, frivolous and sensual... a third stereotype is reserved for women who choose activities which carry them beyond the traditional roles which serve men. These women lose their femininity... (Clifton, McGrath, Wick, l976: 144) In this study, we will compare the treatment of these demeaning stereotypes in several of the media that are not usually considered in sex role studies: contemporary works of art, contemporary popular music, and situation-based television commercials. We will show that each of these media project a false and demeaning image of women's role in society, each in accordance with its sex-based need for stereotyping. Although sex roles in contemporary art are less rigidly defined by social and cultural forces...
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...The reinvention of the new “Orient Woman” According to Said, “Oritentalism”, the colonial stereotype is a complex and contradictory process. It arises due to the fear of miscegenation, yet the “other” is prefigured as being simultaneously an object of fear and desire. The “other”, on one hand, a subject of suppressed, disgust and discrimination, the other, it is a dream, fantasy, obsessions and desire. Therefore, it is fair to infer that the Orient is not a property of bodies or something originally existent in human beings; rather it is the social construct. Specifically, it is the product of the society’s dominant class – the Whites, the master- narrative. Racial differences have been used as a basis for racial stereotypes, for instance the White “norm” versus Non-white people. It is clear that racial identity is marked on skin. It is undeniable that some stereotypes do/might have a basis of truth, however such stereotypes do not take into the account of differences among the Orient. It is out of fear and apprehensiveness that lead to the birth of such unjust stereotypes, the film “Memoirs of a Geisha” directed by Rob Marshall highlights the irony of the stereotypes resulting in fragmentations of identity. “Memoirs of a Geisha” (Marshall, 2005) offers an interesting twist to our typical story-telling, the women are no longer silenced, and the story is told through the voice of a woman (though written by a male...
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...The Consequences of Stereotypes A stereotype is “...a fixed, over generalized belief about a particular group or class of people.” (Cardwell, 1996). People stereotypes based on the environment they were raised in and the situations they have been put in. Another disadvantage is after prejudging someone you will make generalizations about more people in or out of their community. The consequences to stereotyping can be missing out on opportunities and relationships that could benefit you later in life. The positive side to stereotyping is that it will allow you to act rapidly in certain situations that might be harmful to one life. Stereotypes are assumptions based on different races and backgrounds, however. Gender stereotypes also exist. For example, it is stereotypical for men to say that women can’t drive, like wise it is stereotypical for women to say men don’t show their emotions. Most Stereotypes are false, due to the lack of inside knowledge. If one is not a part of that community than they will assume certain characteristics about that race. Sexual orientation stereotypes are also common. These stereotypes occur when you have negative views on gays, lesbians, and transgender individuals. People who have these negative views are usually known to be homophobic. A common stereotype about gay people is that they are all hostile. Even if the...
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...Final Film Critique: Crash (2004) Jay Dennis ENG 225 Introduction to Film Instructor: Cicely Young April 13, 2014 Final Film Critique Draft: Crash (2004) There are many different critical elements and artistic aspects to examine when analyzing and critiquing any film. In 2004 Paul Haggis wrote and directed the award winning drama Crash about various intertwining experiences involving racial relations and the socioeconomic status levels of the diverse cast of characters. This film addresses how humans being deal with real life circumstances and addresses how racial stereotypes and prejudices impact our society by causing a separation of customs, ignoring human and civil rights, and demonstrating how racism can cause moral, cultural and economical suffering. This detailed essay will address the cinematic elements employed throughout the movie, and provide a critical analysis on the various components and techniques used to create this compelling and powerful film. Crash is a movie that involves several different stories and plots that all manage to somehow connect the characters to each other in a series of events that take place during two days in California. America’s ever-growing melting pot is distinctly represented in the film as the audience is introduced to a black LAPD detective, two black mischievous car thieves, a white district attorney and his prejudice wife, a white racist beat cop and his neophyte partner, a black Hollywood director and his wife, an...
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...television: exposing and reinforcing stereotypes. Journal Of Advanced Nursing, 70(4), 833-842 10p. doi:10.1111/jan.12244 Previous research has highlighted stereotypical images around nurses; more recent research focuses on images of male nurses. While images of men in nursing on television are fictional, such images have potentially negative implications for recruitment, practice, and the profession. In this qualitative study, five American medical television programs appearing between 2007 and 2010 were analyzed for their portrayal of men in nursing. The objectives of the study were to establish whether men in nursing on television are subject to the same stereotypes identified in previous research, to determine if the characters on television conform to conventional stereotypes of masculinity, and to explore the status and role of the men who nurse in these programs. The study results showed television male nurse characters portrayed in narrow, stereotypical ways in which their masculinity, sexuality, and career choice are questioned. Contemporary nursing practice is impacted by how male nurses are portrayed in the media, as demasculinized images of male nurses may discourage males from considering nursing as a viable profession. The student found this study to be valid and current. An analysis of the study demonstrates the need to raise awareness among nursing professionals of some of the perceptions and stereotypes regarding male nurses. The student...
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...Does Shakespeare reinforce or question contemporary attitudes to cultural outsiders in 'Othello' and The Merchant of Venice? In the plays the Merchant of Venice and Othello, Shakespeare explores the effects of racial oppression and attitudes to race in general. The idea of cultural outsiders is one of the main themes present in the plays. 'Culture' is the customs and social behaviour of particular groups of people and societies and an outsider is a person who does not belong in a particular situation, organisation or community. This definition relates to both Othello and Shylock as throughout the play we see them as victims of prejudice and injustice because of their cultural differences. In the play Othello, Shakespeare expresses the culture outsider, Othello himself in this instance. As a moor. The term Moor means a person or persons of an African descent. During the renaissance time period there were various stigmas attached to 'moors' and other cultural outsiders. Leo Africanus wrote a book named 'the history and description of Africa (1526)' where he portrayed Moors as being extremely prideful. 'Subject unto Jealousy; who would rather lose their lives than put up any disgrace on behalf of the women.' This is ironic and would lead one to believe Shakespeare reinforced Africanus' ideology in the tragic ending of Othello. Shakespeare also reinforces contemporary attitudes to Jews through the protagonist Shylock. During the 1600’s Jews were extremely disliked and according...
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...Gender, Class, and Race Stereotypes in American Television A Content Analysis Gender, class, and race stereotypes abound in contemporary society, much like they have done throughout human history. With the advent of television, however, stereotypical assumptions have become so pervasive, and so diffused, that some call for a serious and purposeful scrutiny of television's contents. On the following pages, various content analyses of television programs will be addressed, followed by discussions on the greater implications race, class, and gender stereotypes have on society. The research method most often used in studying media images is called content analysis. Content analysis is a descriptive method in which researchers analyze the actual content of documents and/or programs. By systematically counting items pertaining to a specific category, researchers are able to conceptualize a larger theoretical framework based on their observations of media content (Wiseman 1970). Content analyses of television programming show, that during prime time hours, men make up the vast majority of characters shown. Furthermore, women characters found during that same time frame are mainly in comedies, while men predominate in dramas. Thus, the implications are that men are to be taken serious, while women should not. (Tuchman 1978). Similarly, content analyses on soap operas reveal highly stereotypical representations of the genders. In soap operas, strong, willful women are predominantly...
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...They use create false stereotypes about everyone leading to prejudice. This is shown in chapter 4. “...but Jem told be I was being a girl, that girls always imagined things, that why other people hated them so, and if I started behaving like one I could go off and find some to play with,” (Lee 41). There is a stereotype around women and how they should act. Jem is pointing this out in this quote. He believes that girl things are bad and boy things are good. Scout also believes this same thing, thinking if she acts more like a boy and less like a girl she can avoid the stereotype. Despite this Mrs. Dubose says “What are you doing in those overalls? You should be in a dress and camisole, young lady!” (Lee 101). The prejudice of how woman should be follows scout around and causes negative comments towards her. Jem tell scout after Mrs. Dubose comment, "Don't pay any attention to her, just hold your head high and be a gentleman," (Lee 101). This almost sexis from Jem shows the stereotype around women, and girls at the time. He dislikes girls and wants his sister to act more like a boy/man. He has a prejudice about him that is shown thought his remarks to his sister. As he grows up he doesn’t fully understand girls and thinks they should act his...
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...Disturbing Mirror on Humanity Does everyone hate or dislike a certain type of person? Do people continuously make snap judgments of others based upon their appearance? Do people really believe in stereotypes they hear about other ethnicities? Are individuals naturally afraid of unfamiliar cultures? These questions are explored by Director Paul Haggis in the provocative 2005 film Crash. Set in contemporary Los Angeles, Crash is an explosive exploration of prejudice. The plot of Crash consists of a series of inter-related vignettes about people of assorted ethnicities and socio-economic groups who come into contact with one another—often violently--over a 36-hour period. In the film the interaction of the characters causes viewers to question stereotypes while at the same time acknowledging the grain of truth they contain. Because the vignettes are all related, with characters in one reappearing in another, viewer are able to see various sides of a character: a character shown committing a racist act in one scene is depicted in an act of kindness in another. This structure stresses the interrelationship of human-beings and underscores the complexities of prejudice and racism. The title of the movie Crash is a metaphor for the content. The most obvious meaning of the word crash in contemporary society is an auto collision, and the movie begins and ends with car accidents. But the idea of collision, as it pertains to the film, has a much broader application. This film is about collisions...
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...Common Stereotypes Lori Woodard PHI 103 Aaron Novinger May 7, 2012 Running Head: Common Stereotypes Stereotyping in generally is characterized as a way of discrimination through prejudicial preconceived perceptions. It mainly consists of hasty generalizations about an individual based on these prejudices. Some examples of common misconceptional prejudices are women are the weaker sex, Jewish people are obsessed with money, and Blacks are more likely to be anti-social, violent, and more likely to commit a crime. (Rivers, 2011)In my lifetime, I have faced many stereotypes. Of the many that are out there, the three main stereotypes I still face today are gender stereotyping, social and economic status stereotyping, and ethnical stereotyping. Gender stereotyping has been one of the most common stereotypes I have had to face. This is because I had been born a female. The most common stereotypes about woman are they are the weaker sex, they are better barefoot and pregnant, and their place is to raise the children and to stay in the kitchen. This perception...
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...percentage of Hispanic representation in Hollywood is still extremely low. Latino stars have it tough. From inevitable accents to being bound to Latino stereotypes, each movie, commercial, and screen-time is an accomplishment. We are never aware all the arduous work that they had to do. We never know where they come from or the sacrifices that they had to make. Some of them changed their name just to be seen beyond their race, others are limited to roles because of their skin color or accent. Stars like Charlie Sheen (Carlos Edwin Estevez), Carmen Miranda (Maria do...
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...conflict spotlighted in the thought provoking play "Trying to Find Chinatown" by David Henry Hwang. The play centers on a chance encounter between two 20-something men on a New York Street. From the beginning their interaction is fraught with misunderstanding and prejudice. Ben, an out of town Caucasian is merely looking for an address when he happens upon an Asian, nearly his own age, working his heart out as a street musician on an electric violin. After showing his appreciation of the music with a few coins, he is instantly attacked when he asks for directions. The attack by Ronnie is full of insolence, malice, and seething hatred directed toward his "white" tormentor. Ronnie's tirade is peppered with profanity and frequent references to stereotypes of the rural inhabitants of the non-urban American South, twice referring to Ben as a "cousin fucker", completely ignoring Benjamin's own admission of being from the Midwest. Ronnie makes the assumption that due to Ben's skin color and rural background that he is the quintessential white oppressor of the Asian peoples in this country and is deserving of his vitriol. Once that Ronnie is shocked into the understanding that his inquisitor is the adopted son of second generation Chinese immigrants and probably more "Chinese" than himself, his composure is shaken and he slightly relents. He is aghast at the knowledge of Chinese culture displayed by this...
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...Karl Bell Ingrid Castro Sociology Sexism, Racism and Stereotypes in the media of African Americans, Sex sales everything and any thing in our society. People want to be like the people in the Media, Stereotyping of African American in the media, newspapers, television, movies, magazines and music videos are where people get these images of what African American women and men look like, these are the vehicles used to alter and form their perceptions. The media has a powerful influence in the everyday thoughts and lives of Americans. The way they depicted what African American wears and who they are. I want to be sexy and pretty and want all the people to lust after me The American media, in particular, and Western media, more generally, are charged with glamorizing and perpetuating unrealistic ideals of feminine beauty. This is the state of mind the media wants to develop. But is any of this real? Why are women sex objects in the Media? Why is beautiful defined by hair and body structure and skin tone? Why are couples more loving when they are Caucasian and seen as angelic. But African women don’t look pure or innocent; they look like whores in the Media. Why is it that African American women attributes are made so they look like a sex toy? The Caucasian woman looks like the women a man takes home to mom. In the media several men are lusting for the African American women, but none are communicates marriage to her and yet Caucasian women are seem like...
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...Stereotyping and Profiling – The Negative Effect on Society Glenn A Smith ENG102 Sullivan University Composition 102 Abstract This essay shows the negative effects society encounters from stereotyping and profiling and some solutions to how, we as a nation, can overcome this plague. Stereotyping is the act of making an assumption or generalization of a particular person or group of persons based on misconceptions usually extending to how they might act or what they represent or just categorizing these people and groups as to what they are like. Profiling is the process in which we base information on a person or group from past knowledge of their traits or actions. Some researchers’ feel that many of us unconscientiously stereotype and profile without even knowing and that our rearing traditions have also contributed to this way of thinking. Profiling can be implemented by different approaches such as racial profiling, facial profiling even as simple as individual or group profiling. Stereotyping and profiling can affect anyone, rich or poor, black or white, famous or ordinary, and does not consider any age or gender. Humiliation and degradation will come about within each person. As a nation, changes are needed on how we view and accept one another; teach our children the effects of this behavior at home and school, and stress to our government to undertake ways to establish effective means of profiling for security measures that will not violate constitutional...
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...Abstract: This course work will concentrate on marketing analysis of the world’s leading circus company Cirque du Soleil. Based on the data given it will conduct a PEST, Porter’s 5-Forces, SWOT analysis and discuss the results, together with results paper will concentrate on marketing and positioning strategies and Ansoff’s Matrix, and also recommend strategy measures for achieving sustainable economic development outcomes. It was found that, first of all, Cirque du Soleil is making a profit while most of its competitors are fail to break even. Second, with its innovative and creative productions, the Cirque stays in a distinct position that none of its competitors can compete. Third, the Cirque’s shows ease to accept by the world and became more flexible due to the sufficient diversity in performers’ nationalities and with experience in multi-field. Table of Contents 1. Introduction………………………………………………………..5 2. PEST and Porter’s 5-forces analysis................................................5 3. SWOT Analysis................................................................................11 4. Marketing and positioning strategies...............................................14 5. Ansoff’s Matrix…………………………………………..………..16 6. Conclusion........................................................................................18 Bibliography.......................................................................
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