...Introduction: When we start to talk about hospitality and tourism sector and especially in hotel industry, they offer three core product to their consumer: accommodation, food and beverages and these all services are very vital for lodging industry, although the majority of hotels are lead for accommodation, because most revenue deriving from the sales of the rooms (Schneider, Tucker & scoviak, 1999).Hotel room sales account approximately 55% of hotel revenue as against 23% for food and 10% for beverages (British Hospitality association, 2003, table 32, 34 & 36). According to Medlik and Ingram (2003), the operating cost of UK hotel rooms are, on average 26% of room sales producing unit profits up to 74% where as F&B expenses combined are almost 65% of Food and Beverage expanses combined about 35% (table 13 & 18). Thus hotels provides both tangible and intangible products, and its relay on tangible product of food, drinks and accommodation as we discussed in starting, though it’s heavily depend on the sales of intangible products- the service- and its depend on the customer’s subjective interpretation of their experience. And quality rating by consumer can’t be judge because every customer has different grading criteria. That is called ‘Heterogeneity’. Further more the one of the most important features of the hotel product/service is the impossibilities of separation of production from consumption. The production of service and consumption are going simultaneously...
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...strengths through Institutional Theory (IT) and Resource-Based View (RBV), this essay aims to combine these two theories to explain LEGOs internationalisation process. Firstly, the two frameworks will be used to analyse the period (1932-1990s) where LEGO established a culture centred on product quality and innovation. As a result, the company achieved legitimacy within the institutional environment which spurred their international expansion. Within this analysis, the strategic decision to enter specific markets, and the methods they used to so will be outlined. Secondly, LEGOs recovery from their financial crisis in 2003, is an excellent example of how new capabilities can be made, and existing ones rebuilt to deploy resources using organisational processes to produce a desired effect. Institutional theory Institutional theory describes companies that operate in foreign markets conform to the institutional environments in order to gain legitimacy from the perspective of other institutional bodies. These institutions are the rules, norms and beliefs that define socially acceptable behaviour and therefore influence economic activity (Scott, 1995). The degree to which a company can conform to these institutions determines whether or not the institutions act as constraints or resources in providing the company with a competitive advantage. Scott (1995) also developed three pillars of institutional structure: cognitive, normative and regulative. Kostova’s adapted these structures...
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...Job Description Job analysis is a crucial stage of the recruitment and selection process as it identifies the nature and scope of responsibilities expected of new staff. The purpose of job analysis is to break down the job into specific knowledge, skills and attitude (KSA) requirements for effective performance which can be subsequently assessed. (Robinson, 2006, p. 157) For the role of the Sales Manager we have identified a purpose and shown the main duties required of the candidate. Job title: Sales Manager Reporting to the: Sales & Marketing Director Location: Portsmouth Office Purpose of the post: The Sales Manager will be required to develop and manage a Sales Team to take the organisation into the next stage of growth by establishing new sales regions to maximise the manufacturing capabilities of the factory. Main Duties: • Setting and Managing Department Budgets • Setting and Managing Sales Targets • Managing and Developing Sales Team • Mentoring and Coaching Sales Team • Report Sales Targets Performance • Update Forecast Outturns Monthly • Plan and Manage Sales Training • Recruitment • Manage Appraisals and Bonuses • Plan and Organise Trade Fairs and Exhibitions • Manage Major Accounts • Liaise with Production, Marketing and Accounts Departments. Person Specification The person specification outlines the characteristics and abilities needed for effective job performance. Two frameworks still widely used are Rodgers...
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