...Introduction Negotiation is a method of conflict resolution. It is a problem-solving process in which two or more parties attempt to resolve their disagreement or conflict in a manner, and through a process, that is mutually agreeable. Where as the general concept of negotiation is easy enough to understand, in practice it can be an extremely difficult proposition. Negotiation is further complicated when the parties find themselves negotiating across dissimilar cultures. “Culture is a powerful factor in shaping how people think, communicate and behave. It therefore affects how they negotiate” .Our presentation investigates the impact of culture on negotiations. It begins by defining culture, to include a discussion on how culture is imbedded in an individual through their mental models and values. It then breaks out the four dimensions of culture identified by Geert Hofstede. A general overview of negotiations follows the culture. It includes a definition of negotiations and discusses the range or continuum of negotiation styles. The section on negotiations closes with an overview of negotiation skills to include the actors and their frames of reference. The final idea provides a description of how culture impacts negotiations. First, it overlaps four elements of negotiations; actors, structure, strategy, and process with Hofstede’s dimensions of negotiation. Then, a summarization of cultural affects on specific negotiation styles is provided. Defining Culture Working...
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...1 Auction Based Mechanisms for Electronic Procurement T. S. Chandrashekar, Y. Narahari, Charles H. Rosa, Devadatta Kulkarni, Jeffrey D. Tew, and Pankaj Dayama Abstract— This article reviews recent research and current art in the area of auction based mechanisms for electronic procurement. These mechanisms are becoming increasingly relevant in modern day e-procurement systems since they enable a promising way of automating negotiations with suppliers and achieving the ideal goals of procurement efficiency, cost minimization, and agent based deployment. The survey delineates different representative scenarios in e-procurement where auctions can be deployed and describes the conceptual and mathematical aspects of different categories of procurement auctions. We discuss three categories: (1) multi-unit auctions for a single homogeneous type of item; (2) combinatorial procurement auctions where the buyer seeks to procure a bundle of multiple items and the suppliers bid for subsets of the bundle; and (3) multi-attribute auctions where the procurement decisions transcend cost considerations alone, to take into account lead times, logistics costs, and other important attributes. In all three cases, the winner determination problem and the determination of payments turn out to be interesting and challenging combinatorial optimization problems. In our review, we present mathematical formulation of procurement scenarios under each category, bring out the challenge involved in solving...
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...MY CULTURAL PROFILE: INDONESIA Indonesia’s Profile • • • • • • • • • • Official name: Republic of Indonesia Population: 242.8 million (UN, 2012) Capital: Jakarta Area: 1.9 million sq km (742,308 sq miles) Major languages: Indonesian, 300 regional languages Major religion: Islam Life expectancy: 68 years (men), 72 years (women) (UN) Monetary unit: 1 rupiah (Rp) Main exports: Oil and gas, plywood, textiles, rubber, palm oil GNI per capita: US $2,940 (World Bank, 2011) (BBC, 2013) General Etiquette Meeting and Greeting (Ediplomat, 2014) • • • Greetings can be rather formal as they are meant to show respect. A handshake is the most common greeting. Many Indonesians may give a slight bow or place their hands on their heart after shaking your hand. Sometimes, younger ones would bring your hand to their forehead as a respect. This is normally among the Muslims. • • Always start your greeting with eldest person (or higher hierarchy) first. Titles are important in Indonesia as they signify status. If you know of any titles ensure you use them in conjunction with the name. • Some Indonesians only have one name, although it is becoming more common for people to have a first name and a surname, especially in the middle class. • Many Indonesians, especially those from Java, may have had an extremely long name (hence my last name!). Be very careful to pronounce them. If in doubt, just refer to them as Mr/Miss along with their first names. There are several ethnic groups in Indonesia...
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...NORTHCENTRAL UNIVERSITY ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET Student: Max Boller THIS FORM MUST BE COMPLETELY FILLED IN Follow these procedures: If requested by your instructor, please include an assignment cover sheet. This will become the first page of your assignment. In addition, your assignment header should include your last name, first initial, course code, dash, and assignment number. This should be left justified, with the page number right justified. For example: BollerMPM7000-6 1 | Save a copy of your assignments: You may need to re-submit an assignment at your instructor’s request. Make sure you save your files in accessible location. Academic integrity: All work submitted in each course must be your own original work. This includes all assignments, exams, term papers, and other projects required by your instructor. Knowingly submitting another person’s work as your own, without properly citing the source of the work, is considered plagiarism. This will result in an unsatisfactory grade for the work submitted or for the entire course. It may also result in academic dismissal from the University. | | PM-7000 | Dr. Christopher Barrett | | | Procurement Project Management | Assignment 7 | | | Comments: ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Faculty Use Only ------------------------------------------------- ...
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...INTERNATIONAL PURCHASE MANAGEMENT ASSIGNMENT ON GLOBAL SUPPLIER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT SUBMITTED TO: PROF.KAVITHA.TC SUBMITTED BY: VENKATESH REG: 141202052 INTRODUCTION GLOBAL SUPPLIER RELATIONSHIP (SRM) is a discipline or set of strategic planning and managing with relation to the third party organization which supply goods / services in order to maximize the profit and reach the organization goal. Global supplier relationship is under the broad category of supply chain management. As the business is global , market for the manufacturer has been extended to domestic to global, increase in the market demand and the availability of the resources / delivering the material in time with lower cost is been a primary objective of majority of the company in today competitive market . the organization have realized the importance of supplier relationship A organization which has good relation with its supplier can again a competitive advantage over their competitors, good relationship with the supplier needs a long term trust to get build up. “Competitive advantage is increasingly a function of supply chain efficiency and effectiveness.... the greater the collaboration, the greater the likelihood that an advantage can be gained.” (1) (Lamming) LITREATURE REVIEW A manufacturing company in Iraq trying to figure out the problem and decrease the lead time of suppliers, they have...
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...2010 GUC – MBA 1st Term Cairo - Egypt Business Economics Research Paper A look into the Economics of the shipping business. Mai Hamed 12/27/2010 Table of Contents List of Figures ................................................................................................................................................ 3 List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................. 3 Introduction to NNC Business Activity .......................................................................................................... 4 Backward and Forward Market .................................................................................................................... 8 The freight market .................................................................................................................................... 8 The sale and purchase market .................................................................................................................. 9 The New Building market.......................................................................................................................... 9 The demolition market ............................................................................................................................. 9 Supply and demand Functions in the shipping market .................................................
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...(IT-consultants) Version 6 05-25-09 i CONTENTS 1 Introduction 1 2 Mission Statement and Vision 3 3 Guiding Principles 5 4 Main Strategies 9 4.1 Risk reduction 9 4.2 Enlargement of access to banking and payment services 14 4.3 Enlargement of electronic networks of individual banks and interoperability 17 5 Business Process Modeling and Architecture of the New NPS 19 5.1 The central role of electronic data exchange in the new NPS 19 5.2 Centralized clearing of large value payments 21 5.3 Centralized versus decentralized clearing of retail payment instruments other than cheques 22 5.4 Centralized versus decentralized clearing of cheques 24 5.5 Overall architecture of the NPS 25 5.6 The NPS communication network 31 6 Outline of the Strategic Plan 38 6.1 Core elements of the strategic plan 38 6.2 Systems and facilities to be acquired 39 6.3 Efficient use of modern technology to reduce investment costs and to avoid possible underutilization of the systems 39 7 Working out of the Core Elements 43 7.1 Development of a legal framework and physical infrastructure that will Support the new NPS 43 7.2 The communication network 46 7.3 The infrastructure for large value and time critical payments 48 7.4 Payment instrument mix and access to payment services 52 7.5 The upgrading of the systems for payment processing of commercial banks and connection of branches to the head office 54 7.6 The infrastructure for clearing and settlement of retail payments...
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...| The Future Role of Procurement in the Global Supply Chain | | Strategic Sourcing and Procurement | | Quiqueena Cintadita | Presented to: Tim Parker Msc. Logistics and Supply Chain Management December 10 2015 | Role of purchasing has changed from year to year. Years ago, it was considered as a job to buy materials. Now, purchasing is an essential function, which is used as a strategy by companies (Monczka et al. 2010). There are many reasons leading to the changes, such as increase in competition between companies, rise in technology, and growth in customers request (Lysons and Farrington 2012). These changes make the relationship with suppliers more important and therefore transparency is needed. Nevertheless, new concepts are needed which involves technology to keep a track to organize a global supply chain (Monczka et al. 2011). Supply chains are mergers from all activities, processes, and functions, which involve all the suppliers to support organizations or companies to deliver the products and services that customers or consumers needed (Business Dictionary). As a function, purchasing took part in the process of supply chain and all the internal organizations that related with supply chain, such as engineering, manufacturing, marketing, finance, information technology, logistics, and legal. Firstly, engineering, purchasing can help the engineering to reduce the defect. For example, in one global electronic manufacturing company, the purchaser...
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...Nova Southeastern University H. Wayne Huizenga School of Business and Entrepreneurship MGT 5012– Twenty First Century Management Practices Date of Submission: March 17, 2013 Title of Assignment: Managing Cultural Diversity Syllabus: MGT 5012- 21st Mgmt Practices 26 Over the years, the workforce has grown to have diverse groups of people working together. Diversity is defined as the differences or dissimilarities among people. These differences can be age, gender, race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, education, experience, and any characteristic used to distinguish between people. (Jones, 2011) To understand the present, a look at the history of diversity in the workplace will be discussed. I will research and discuss the cultural diversity and how managers today have evolved over the years to learn how to handle it. I will discuss certain steps that managers can take to effectively manage the diversity in their workplace. I will look into the business etiquette and protocol of countries like the United States, Mexico, and Japan. I will also look into where these countries fall on Hofstede’s model of national culture. I will also discuss why it’s important for mangers to learn about a culture they are not familiar with when doing business to make sure they don’t offend the other person or company. History of Diversity in the Workplace The workforce slowly changed after World War II as a growing number of minority groups began to speak up and demand...
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...UST Global, India: delivering software service solutions Balakrishnan Menon Balakrishnan Menon is a Professor in the DC School of Management and Technology, Idukki, India and Research Scholar in the School of Management Studies, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, India. 1. Introduction When the founder Chairman of US Technology Private Ltd (UST) Late Mr G. A Menon wanted to set up a software company in Trivandrum, the capital city of the communist party dominated state of Kerala in the year 1999, many people close to him warned that he was setting himself up for failure. The state of Kerala was, in those days, labeled as anti-investment and non-conducive to new entrepreneurial ventures, as it was dominated by a work force, controlled by militant trade unionism with a vested interest to keep their flocks together with age-old dogmas and philosophies. However, Mr Menon went ahead with his plan and set up the company in Trivandrum, as he was keen to do something for his home state, even when the top echelon in the Secretariat (head quarters of the state administration machinery) discouraged him. In subsequent years, UST became the largest software exporter from the state of Kerala, to USA and other countries. UST is a fully-owned subsidiary of California-based US Technology Resources LLC. Established on September 1, 1999 with barely 14 employees, the company was set up, as a 100 per cent Export Oriented Unit, to export software services and solutions, in Techno Park, Trivandrum...
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...Table of Contents Introduction 3 Section 1: Methodology & Organisation of the paper 3 Methodology 3 Organization of the paper 3 Section 2: Potential Pitfalls of oil extraction in a developing country 4 2.1.1 Dutch Disease effects in the resource curse 4 2.1.2 Governance related aspects of the resource curse 4 2.1.3 Environmental and public health related effects of the resource curse 5 2.1.4 Institutions 5 2.2 How do these points relate to management in countries? 6 2.2.1 Management of oil discovery and exploitation in Norway 6 2.2.2 Management of oil discovery and exploitation in Nigeria 6 2.3 Is Uganda's current economy at risk of being cursed? 6 Section 3: Uganda Oil & Gas Policy 8 3.1 Conceptualizing the Oil & Gas Policy Framework 8 3.1.1 Linkages of the National Oil and Gas Policy to the Country’s key policy frameworks 8 3.1.2 Using Finite Resources to Create Lasting Benefits to Society 9 3.1.3 Transparency and Accountability. 9 3.1.4 Competitiveness and Productivity. 9 3.1.5 Capacity and Institution Building 10 3.2 Issues arising in the Oil & Gas Policy 10 3.2.1 Institutional Development 10 3.2.2 Size of oil reserves 10 3.2.3 Oil and Gas revenue management 10 3.2.4 Investment promotion 11 3.2.5 National Participation 11 3.2.6 Public anxiety and expectations 11 3.2.7 Contribution of oil and gas resources to the energy mix 11 3.2.8 Impact of oil and gas activities 12 3.3 Crosscutting Issues 12 3.3.1...
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...Faculty Research Working Papers Series Industrial Policy for the Twenty-First Century Dani Rodrik November 2004 RWP04-047 The views expressed in the KSG Faculty Research Working Paper Series are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the John F. Kennedy School of Government or Harvard University. Copyright belongs to the author(s). Papers may be downloaded for personal use only. INDUSTRIAL POLICY FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY* Dani Rodrik Harvard University John F. Kennedy School of Government 79 Kennedy Street Cambridge, MA 02138 (617) 495-9454 Fax: (617) 496-5747 E-mail: dani_rodrik@harvard.edu http://www.ksg.harvard.edu/rodrik/ This version September 2004 * This paper has been prepared for UNIDO. I am grateful to Francisco Sercovich for his guidance. I am also grateful to Robert Lawrence, Lant Pritchett, Andres Rodriguez-Clare, Andres Velasco, and especially Ricardo Hausmann and Roberto Unger for conversations over the last few years that led to the development of these ideas. None of these individuals should be held responsible for the views expressed here. I also thank Magali Junowicz for expert research assistance. I. Introduction Once upon a time, economists believed the developing world was full of market failures, and the only way in which poor countries could escape from their poverty traps was through forceful government interventions. Then there came a time when economists started to believe government failure was by far the...
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...FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT- 12MBA25 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 12MBA25 VTU SECOND SEMESTER FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT- 12MBA25 MODULE -1 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT Financial management is an academic discipline which is concerned with decision-making. This decision is concerned with the size and composition of assets and the level and structure of financing. In order to make right decision, it is necessary to have a clear understanding of the objectives. Such an objective provides a framework for right kind of financial decision making. The objectives are concerned with designing a method of operating the Internal Investment and financing of a firm. There are two widely applied approaches, viz. (a) profit maximization and (b) wealth maximization. The term 'objective' is used in the sense of an object, a goal or decision criterion. The three decisions - Investment decision, financing decision and dividend policy decision are guided by the objective. Therefore, what is relevant - is not the overall objective but an operationally useful criterion: It should also be noted that the term objective provides a normative framework. Therefore, a firm should try to achieve and on policies which should be followed so that certain goals are to be achieved. It should be noted that the firms do not necessarily follow them. Profit Maximization as a Decision Criterion Profit maximization is considered as the goal of financial management. In this approach, actions that Increase profits should be undertaken and...
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...come more territorial, whereas the conflicts in the Pacific are likely to challenge the entire state and thus come to concern governance at large (Fiji, Solomon Islands). Fearon (2004; 2005) helps us to understand the dynamics of these wars. He notes that many of the longest civil wars of the world take place in the context of “sons-of-the-soil” disputes. The hallmarks of these wars are that they are protracted, low in intensity, fought between a government and a peripheral ethnic group seeking autonomy or secession, and the rebels do not view the government as a credible partner in peace talks. Democracy and mediation in territorial civil wars in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific Table 1 The territorial wars in Southeast Asia and South Pacific, 1960–2005 Territory Insurgents Start date 5 August 1950 1 January 1965 Episode start 5 August 1950 31 December 1965 1 January 1967 1 January 1976 7 December 1975 7 December 1975 1 January 1992 1 January 1997 1 May 1989 1 January 1963 1 January 1948 8 September 1990 8 January 1999 1 January 1963 31 December 1948 27 January 1995 1 January 1997 12 April 2005 1 January 1948 1 January 1948 29 December 1991 1 January 1994 1 January 1958 31 December 1948 27 March 1990 23 December 1996 1 January 1949 1 January 1957 Episode end 249 South Moluccas Republic of South Moluccas West Papua West Papua West Papua East Timor East Timor East Timor Aceh Aceh North Borneo Karen Karen Karen Karen Arakan Arakan Arakan Mon Mon Mon Kachin Kachin Karenni...
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...Global Business Cultural Analysis South Korea By: Erik Mays Liberty University BUSI 604 Dr. Romanoski May 9, 2014 Abstract In this research paper I will be analyzing the cultural perspectives of doing business in South Korea. In doing so, I will be answering the four major questions as it relates to the major Elements and Dimensions of culture in South Korea. Also, since the dimensions of culture in any nation are many, it is necessary to analyze each category that makes up the Dimensions of one’s culture, these categories have been in place for many years in any given country. If we simply consider the Dimensions of Culture in the United States alone, which range from Religion to our Ethical standards, it would be clear that there are many categories within each of those. Therefore, it is important to analyze each category in detail, in an attempt to determine exactly what it will take to do business in that country or any country across the globe. This research paper will attempt to identify those major elements and dimensions of culture in South Korea. Once these elements and dimensions have been identified, it would give a clearer picture on how South Koreans integrate those elements and dimensions into their everyday business. Also, when comparing South Korean and the United States culture and business, there would naturally be implications that should be considered for US businesses that want to do business in South Korea. This research will also address those...
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