...instiutituions in way of action and goal of indivualds in them Bounded limited rationality: limited ability to calculate how their deicion affects the future but aware that it does Chapter 2: Employment: 1 week 16+, 15 hous. Un: 4 weeks Not counted: Discouraged: 12 months, Marginally attatched: not looking for one Labor costs: earnings + benefits= total comp Straight line: gross expludes overtime. Measured in dolalrs/hour CPI: biased to overstate increase in true cost of living: does not allow for substitution since its calculated with a fixed basket of goods Chapter 3: Answers to 3 questions: firm is deicion maker, goal is to max profit, four contraints: tech, info, policy, market * Profit max: * Actions under firms control- cannot change k in short run * Feasible- 1 million * How to max * Contraints: * Tech: sum of knowledge of methods producing goods and services * Assumpitions: L and K homo to propduce output * MPk MPl, * Info: complete...
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...boyfriend for fours years prior to having a lavish wedding, is now searching for a divorce lawyer. Jay explains reasons why her client is getting a divorce through past research and her opinion. Some of the topics Jay explains is cohabitation effect, how couples go from dating to cohabitating, the costs of cohabitation, and protective factors young adults can do to avoid the cohabitation effect. In this article Jay not only sites past research but states her opinion on this research, which finds that cohabitiation is the reason for unhappiness and divorce, not selection. Stanley, Rhoades, and Markman (2006) present the concept of Inertia in this article. The intertia perspective puts forward the concept that cohabitation increases contraints and the continuance of a relationship regardless of fit, knowledge of...
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...International Business 1. Describe the marketing of the A380 in terms of the 4 Ps of marketing. Product : The Airbus A380 is the largest passenger plane with 73 meters of length, 7 stories of height and eqipped with four Rolls-Royce engines very secure and high performance. It can accommodate 550 passengers with two floors of large seatings devided in Economy, Business, First Class, and has the most sophisticated computer flight control system. It is made of super lighter materials and less polluting than other plane. Several facilities are available such as waterfall, lounge and shops inside. The design is well groomed. Price : The price is about 300 million dollars each plane. Promotion : The public and professional relationship is an important part of the Airbus strategy. It is why they made a show of the first flight of the plane with more tha 40000 spectators. It was a historic test flight which took place on April 27 at 2005 in Toulouse airport . Place : The size constraints of the aircraft were set by Airbus in consultation with the major airlines, official and representatives of sixty international airports in order to use the facilities of existing airports without causing radical changes in infrastructure. Moreover, regarding the Airbus travel strategy, the main airports are the only used by this aircraft. 2. Is the supply chain agile, adaptable and well aligned? Explain. The several elements of the Airbus A380 are built mainly in France, Germany...
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...Integrity Constraints Before one can start to implement the database tables, one must define the integrity constraints. Intergrity means something like 'be right' and consistent. The data in a database must be right and in good condition. There are the domain integrity, the entity integrity, the referential integrity and the foreign key integrity constraints. Domain Integrity Domain integrity means the definition of a valid set of values for an attribute. You define - data type, - lenght or size - is null value allowed - is the value unique or not for an attribute. You may also define the default value, the range (values in between) and/or specific values for the attribute. Some DBMS allow you to define the output format and/or input mask for the attribute. These definitions ensure that a specific attribute will have a right and proper value in the database. Entity Integrity Constraint The entity integrity constraint states that primary keys can't be null. There must be a proper value in the primary key field. This is because the primary key value is used to identify individual rows in a table. If there were null values for primary keys, it would mean that we could not indentify those rows. On the other hand, there can be null values other than primary key fields. Null value means that one doesn't know the value for that field. Null value is different from zero value or space. In the Car Rental database in the Car table each car must have a proper...
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...Introduction of Linear Programming (LP) To understand LP , first we need to understand mathematical programming thoroughly. So what is mathematical programming (MP). MP is the branch of management science that deals with solving optimization problem, in which we want to maximize function (such as profit, expected return or efficiency) or minimize the function( such as cost. time or distance), Usually in a constrained environment. The recommended course of action is known as program : hence, the term MP is used to describe such problems. MP consist of 3 components (Elaborate 3 function) 1. Decision variable: - Which is controlled or determined by the decision maker 2. Objective Function:- Its to be maximize or minimize 3. Constraints:- Restrictive set of conditions that must be satisfied by any solution to the model. The most widely used mathematical model are LP models. LP models A LP model is model that seeks to maximize or minimize a linear objective functions subject to a set of linear constraints. Large company such as the San Miguel corporation, Texaco, American airlines and general motors have used linear models to affect efficiency and improve the bottom line . But LP can also be applied in smaller venues. In fact a wide variety of cases lend themselves to linear modeling , including problems from such diverse areas such as manufacturing, marketing, investing , advertising, trucking, shipping, agriculture, nutrition, E-commerce, restaurant and...
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...YORKTOWN TECHNOLOGIES Case Questions 1. How would one generally characterize Yorktown Technologies? Describe its strengths, weaknesses, constraints, and performance. I describe them as a company that is marketing a new product called Glowfish in the wholesale/retail fish industry. Its fish are fluorescent in the dark. Some of the strengths is somehow they can raise money, they are a first to create and market something in their industry. They own part of the intellectual properties in this field. Some of the weaknesses and contraints are the licensing requirements to sell modified fish to the public. Some states like California feel they could cause a health risk to people and refuse licensing. Some people think the fish should be natural and retailers don’t believe in selling modified fish. Another problem was to educate retailers to display the fish under optimal lighting and aquarium conditions that would showcase the fish. 2. Describe the marketing environment faced by Yorktown Technologies? Consider the consumer market, the channel infrastructure, and the competition. I believe it will be a tough challenge for Yorktown Technologies to overcome their current situations. Blakes projections were sales of four million in 2004 and they ended up at $500,000. They actually ended up with a $120,000 loss in 2004. I feel investors will only wait so long for a profit before they pull the plug. There is some competition in the international market with flourenscent fish....
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...1. What is Normalization? It basically involves dividing larger tables down to smaller tables and to define the relationships between them. Basically a means of efficiently organizing data in a database. One thing is eliminating redundancy. 2. What is Insertion, Update and Deletion anomalies? a. Insertion anomaly- It is a failure to place information about a new database entry into all the places in the database where information about the new entry needs to be stored. b. Update Anomaly- Basically involves modifications that may be additions, deletions, or both. Really can be either deletion or insertion anomaly. c. Deletion Anomaly- Is the failure to remove information about an existing database entry when it is time to remove that entry. For example: normalized database, information about an old to be gotten rid of entry needs to be deleted from only one place in the database but in an inadequately normalized database, information about that old entry might need to be deleted from more than one place. 3. What is the importance of Normalization? There are basically three major reasons why normalization is important, 1- is wasted space, 2- Resource usage, 3- data integrity. 4. Explain all the normal forms? a. 1NF-1st Normal Form- Represents a relation and has no repeating groups. b. 2NF-2nd Normal Form- No non-prime attribute in the table is functionally dependent of a subset or any candidate key. c. 3NF-3rd Normal Form- Every non-prime attribute is non-transitively...
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...ance intellectuelle (psychanalyse, philosophie analytique, économie théorique du XXe, art moderne avec le futurisme et le cubisme,…). Elle est également très forte économiquement (deuxième industrialisation avec les nouvelles énergies). L’Europe est en pleine expansion coloniale. La WWI a été une période d’expérimentation économique et sociale tout en étant un vrai choc psychologique. L’armement reste primaire au début de la guerre et connaît des progrès considérables au cours de cette guerre (du pantalon garance aux armes à feu). La guerre modifie profondément les équilibres sociaux traditionnels. On mettra l’accent sur la nouvelle organisation de la vie collective de guerre (avec le passage de l’économie de paix à celle de guerre). I. Les manifestations de la WWI, guerre totale Symboles : taxis de la Marne ; unification des partis politiques, unification des religions et de la république 1. La guerre est technique et économique Gagnera celui qui est le mieux armé et le plus développé économiquement. La guerre de sécession entre 1961 et 1965 oppose le Nord et le Sud. Le Nord a gagné car sa puissance industrielle était plus forte à première guerre moderne. La guerre qui devait être courte a duré car elle est devenue une guerre d'artillerie, une guerre de position ,de tranchée. * Mobilisation industrielle: c'est l'allemagne qui accomplit cette mobilisation industrielle la première. Elle donne lieux à un programme (le programme Edinburg :général en chef...
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...La Communauté Islamique Ahmadiyya est la plus anciènne communauté musulmane établie en Suisse depuis plus de 50 ans, avec la Mosquée Mahmud, la première mosquée officielle de Suisse. La Communauté Islamique Ahmadiyya a été fondée en 1889 en Inde par Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (Que la paix soit sur lui), le Messie Promis de l'Islam. La Communauté Islamique Ahmadiyya est la renaissance des valeurs spirituelles et morales de l'Islam. Hadrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (Que la paix soit sur lui) proclama être le réformateur des derniers temps (le Messie et Imam Al-Mahdi), dont la venue fut prophétisée par le Saint Prophète Muhammad (que la Paix et les Louanges d'Allah soient sur lui). Les enseignements du Messie Promis sont entièrement basés sur le Saint Coran et la Communauté Ahmadiyya est la personnification du message bienveillant de l'Islam, un Islam qui prône la paix, la fraternité globale et la soumission à la volonté de Dieu. Afin de comprendre les vrais enseignements de l’Islam nous devons étudier le Saint Coran et voir ce qu’il dit, au lieu de les chercher dans les actions de certains groupes extrémistes qui ont reniés toute humanité. La position de la Communauté Islamique Ahmadiyya sur les enseignements coraniques est que ceux-ci œuvrent pour promouvoir la paix. Il incombe de porter de message a tous les coins de la Terre. Afin d’établir la paix. Dieu, le Tout-Puissant, dans le Saint Coran nous commande : « Quiconque tuera une personne – à moins que ce ne soit parce...
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...1 Aucun accusé de réception Prise d'une nouvelle commande par le client "J'ai téléphoné … vers le service prise des commandes" Mauvaise relation commerciale X Organisation défaillante X S.I peu adapté aux nécéssités X Potentiel humain faible Symptôme Commande 2 Enregistrement de la nouvelle commande téléphonique Accusé de réception incomplet "Accusé de réception … c'est tout" Délais de livraisons non respectés "Une semaine après, toujours rien …" Signalement tardif du rejet de la commande Il doit lui même prendre contact Mauvaise relation commerciale X X X Organisation défaillante X X X X S.I peu adapté aux nécéssités X X X Potentiel humain faible SYMPTOMES & CAUSES Symptômes Commande 3 Contraint de choisir un produit de substitution Délais de livraisons non respectés Accusé de réception incomplet et tardif Personne n'est en charge du dossier Mauvaise relation commerciale X X Organisation défaillante X X S.I peu adapté aux nécéssités X X Potentiel humain faible Symptôme Commande 4 Rencontre avec un commercial différent Discours inapproprié (ton, langage…) Client invité à s'adresser de nouveau en magasin Personnel indisponible Nouvelle commande Mauvaise relation commerciale X Organisation défaillante X X X X S.I peu adapté aux nécéssités X...
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...that activity. The Gantt charts are accepted as one of the most important project management tool in the industry today. There are many advantages when using a Gantt chart. One of these being that the Gantt charts are to easily visualize. You can easily see what the various activities are, when each activity begins and ends, how long each activity is scheduled to last, where activities overlap with other activities, and by how much, and the start and end date of the whole project. (Jefferys, 2009) These charts are primarily used for small to medium size projects with no more then thirty activities. There are also many disadvantages to these charts . Some of these shortcomings include: that the charts only represent a part of the triple contraints (time,cost, and scope), mostly focuses on schedule management (time), and that they do not represent the size of a project. (Jefferys, 2009) Over the years, many variations of the Gantt charts have emerged, one of those being the Program Evaluation and Review Technique, also known as PERT. These charts have many commonalities but also some differnces. PERT has no calender, so you cannot see when activities should be executed. PERT is usually used for larger projects because the dependencies between activities are are easier to follow (Darwin, 2007) In addition to the charts, Gantt invented the Task and Bonus system. This system works to efficiently calculate wages for employees. Each employee starts at a base wage and is then paid an...
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...Marie Antoinette ~ Biography Marie-Antoinette est née le 2 Novembre 1755 à Vienne, en Autriche. Elle était la fille de François-Étienne I et Marie-Thérèse, l'empereur et l'impératrice du Saint Empire romain germanique. La princesse autrichienne a eu une enfance de luxe au Palais de la Hofburg en Autriche. Même si elle a été école à la maison à Vienne, elle n'a pas reçu une éducation très bonne parce qu'elle n'était pas désireux d'apprendre. À l'exception de la langue italienne, elle ne savait pas tout de l'histoire de son pays. Elle a étudié comment une femme doit se comporter et elle a appris les compétences domestiques, par opposition à une éducation normale. À 14 ans, elle a voyagé en France pour se marier Louis XVI, dauphin de France. C’était un mariage arrangé. Elle s'est mariée le 16 mai 1770, dans le palais royal à Versailles en France. Louis est alors devenu le roi de France, faisant de la Reine Marie de France. Ils habitaient dans le château de Versailles et a eu une vie très extravagant. Même si Marie habitait dans un palais, elle avait un mariage malheureux. Elle était très ennuyé parce que Louis XVI n'était pas un très amusant ou d'une personne agréable. Marie a voulu avoir des enfants, mais il était difficile pour elle de devenir enceinte. Finalement, elle a réussi, et elle a eu quatre enfants. Leurs noms ont été Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte, Louis-Joseph, Louis-Charles, et Sophie-Béatrix. Comme la reine de France, Marie-Antoinette a dépensé de grosses sommes d'argent...
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...In the story, Catherine is depicted as wild, although by today's standards, her personality may be considered more lively or rambunctious than uncontrollable. Her relationship with Heathcliff would, by most be considered good and healthy until the expectations of society ruin it. Catherine, though in love with Heathcliff, feels she cannot marry him because of his position. She instead marries Edgar Linton, and her relationship with Heathcliff becomes potent. The main tie in to feminism would be that without the burdens placed on women by society, Catherine could have lived happily with Heathcliff. To further emphasize this point, when Catherine's daughter Cathy is in a similar position as her mother, except having been lowered in social status, she is able to marry Hareton for love. ................................................................................................................................ Feminism can be seen in the character of Iabella Linton, The steps she takes to get away from Heathcliffs cruelty and unjust behaviour can be seen as remarkable for a woman in that period as fleeing an unhappy marriage was illeagal and she could risk being captured and punished by the law. She also refused to be known under the name Iabella Heathcliff and when aked by the inhabinent of wuthering heights what is your name she replies "I was Isabella Linton" she relises the consquence of her mistake she has made by marrying Heathcliff. She is also disowned by her brother...
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...Public Administration consists of, amid other things, principles that are created by the people for the people. The key purpose of having principles is to facilitate orderly living within the community and for government institutions to continue to promote the general welfare of society. Thus here, we shall further discuss the key values of society that are often reflected in public administration. Firstly, according to the text book Public Administration and Management by DFP Du Toit & G Van Der Waldt, in Chapter 4 (Principles of public administration), the word ‘principle’ has various definitions. A principle is defined as a conviction, a standard or rule of personal conduct or a set of moral rules of personal conduct and a general truth underlying reason or action. From this, groupings of classifications of principles were created, principles that emanate from various policies including the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 108 of 1996. The purpose is to be able to state what is and is not acceptable in a society and this is also known as the behavioural norms of society. Without them, anarchy could result within the society involved. For example, crime in any form is the result of members of society who choose to ignore the accepted principles that create and facilitate orderly living amid the society at whole and as a result, those who choose to live by the unaccepted behavourial norms occasionally create their own. For these reasons, public administration had...
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...Task 1 – P5 Any projects are carried out under certain constraints. Traditionally, they are cost, time, and scope. The Project Management Triangle that called Triple Constraint is a model of the constraints of project management show on the corners of the triangle to show opposition. The problems that may have arisen in relation to the triple contraint :- 1. Delay in the completion date – due to unavailability of resources (either people or materials) : The project delay due to faced huge issues as steel prices rocketed and concrete supply became unpredictable. This will delay the time for completions. To restore the triple constraint is to find alternative resources by finding other suppliers and/or ensure the supply lines continued – with main contractor Civilco crucially producing the goods at a time as this will reduce the scope and it may also reduce budget. 2. Budget over-runs – due to either the requirement for additional resources to complete the project on time, or as result of additional work being required or additional costs of resources (either people or materials) : This happen when the project at 70 per cent complete, the worldwide financial crisis struck, posing the biggest challenge in the three-phase initiative. In order to make it on time, as a project manager, need to add on resources, increase the mainpower and increase budget to pay for overtime so that it can complete within the time frame. As a project manager established and gain best practice...
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