...Vehicular Pollution and Environment Protection | Environment Law Research Paper | Research Methodology AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This research paper is an attempt to understand the pollution caused by the increasing vehicular traffic in India and its impact on the Environment around us. RESEARCH ISSUES: 1. Meaning and Kindsof Pollution 2. Vehicular Pollution and its effects on health and the environment 3. Technical Measure (like Emission Standards) and Non Technical Measures(like prevention of Fuel Adulteration) 4. Fuel Economy Standards and phasing out old Vehicles. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS: This research paper is limited in the sense that it tries to study the pollution caused to the environment by the vehicular traffic. Pollution is a broad and extensive topic but this topic tries to limit itself to such pollution caused by the environment and not all other kinds of pollution. METHOD OF WRITING: This paper has largely been written in an investigative and an analytical style. SOURCES OF DATA: The researcher has primarily referred to secondary sources such as books and articles while writing this research paper. MODE OF CITATION: A uniform mode of citation has been used throughout this research paper which is based loosely on the style prescribed in The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation(Columbia Law Review Ass’n et al. eds., 17th ed. 2000). Table of Contents Sr No | Topic | Page No | 1 | Introduction | 3,4 | 2 | Pollution | 4 | ...
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...Study on Vehicular Pollution and Environmental Administration Course Name: Legal Aspects of Business Faculty: Prof. Name: Roll: 2014PGPMX Submission Date: 15th July 2015 Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Conceptual Discussion & implementation of the existing system 4 2.1 Vehicular pollutants and their health/environmental effects 4 2.2 Vehicular pollutants and climate changes 4 2.3 Vehicular Pollution Control Measures in India 6 2.4 Vehicular Emission Standards 7 2.5 Emission standards for controlling pollution from new vehicles in India 8 2.6 Road map for Vehicular Emission norms for new vehicles 8 2.7 Inspection & Maintenance (I/M) Practice in India 9 2.8 Pollution Under Control (PUC) Certification system 10 2.9 Noise Standards for Vehicles 12 2.10 Improvement in Fuel Quality 13 2.11 Indian Initiative for Alternate Fuels 13 3. Data Analysis and Interpretation 15 3.1 Environment Protection Act, 1986 15 3.2 The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 16 3.3 The Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 17 3.4 Global Environmental Interaction 19 4. CONCLUSIONS 20 1. Introduction “Nature is the source of all material things: the Maker, the means of making, and the things made. All actions take place in time by the intervening of the forces of Nature; but the man, lost in selfish delusion thinks that he himself is the actor.” (Isha Upanishad) “Environmental conservation is about negotiating the transition from past to future...
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...ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION Developmental activities such as construction, transportation and manufacturing not only deplete the natural resources but also produce large amount of wastes that leads to pollution of air, water, soil, and oceans; global warming and acid rains. Untreated or improperly treated waste is a major cause of pollution of rivers and environmental degradation causing ill health and loss of crop productivity. In this lesson you will study about the major causes of pollution, their effects on our environment and the various measures that can be taken to control such pollutions. OBJECTIVES After completing this lesson, you will be able to: • • • • • • • define the terms pollution and pollutants; list various kinds of pollution; describe types of pollution, sources, harmful effects on human health and control of air pollution, indoor air pollution, noise pollution; describe water pollution, its causes and control; describe thermal pollution; describe soil pollution, its causes and control; describe radiation pollution, sources and hazards. 10.1 POLLUTION AND POLLUTANTS Human activities directly or indirectly affect the environment adversely. A stone crusher adds a lot of suspended particulate matter and noise into the atmosphere. Automobiles emit from their tail pipes oxides of nitrogen, sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and a complex mixture of unburnt hydrocarbons and black soot which pollute the atmosphere. Domestic sewage and run off from agricultural...
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...Kumsa-------------------------------------------------------3446/03 9. Wubetu Melkamu--------------------------------------------------3501/03 Submitted to: Ins. Muluken G. Submission date: May, 2/2013 Acknowledgment Our first and foremost gratitude is forwarded to the respondents who deliver us their kind support in filling the questionnaires and to respond for our causal interview as the responses they provide determine the analysis & conclusion of the research. We would also like to offer our heart full thanks to our Instructors, of legislative drafting Ato mulken who make us to study on this area Finally our thanks goes to the secretary who, prepared this final report paper. List of tables Table 1- The effect of filming activities conducted across the roads of the town on the normal traffic follow------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table 2-Problems occurred due to filming activities conducted across the roads (for the purpose stated under table 1 above)....
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... | | | | | |Atty. Vicente T. Peña | Environmental pollution is “the contamination of the physical and biological components of the earth/atmosphere system to such an extent that normal environmental processes are adversely affected” Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that causes adverse change. Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat or light. Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be either foreign substances/energies or naturally occurring contaminants. Pollution is often classed as point source or nonpoint source pollution. Although pollution...
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...Sciences and Managerial Economics The Chinese University of Hong Kong © Content Chapter 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 Objectives of the Study Background Objectives Research Framework 1 1 2 4 5 5 6 10 10 11 16 18 18 21 22 27 27 29 30 32 32 34 35 35 40 44 46 48 48 49 50 51 54 56 62 Chapter 2 Regional Airports’ Development and Expansion 2.1 Asian Aviation Hubs 2.2 Mainland Major Airports Chapter 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 Regional Demand Forecast for Aviation Services Rapid Growth in Asia-Pacific’s Air Transport The Increasing Importance of China’s Aviation Market Hong Kong’s Aviation Development under Mainland’s Rapid Growth Chapter 4 Capacity Issues and Enhancement Measures for HKIA 4.1 The Capacity of the Hong Kong International Airport 4.2 Runway Capacity Enhancement Measures 4.2.1 Aircraft Types Trends and its effects to Runway Capacity 4.3 Possible Measures 4.3.1 Air Transport Management Approach 4.3.2 Enhanced ATC & Aircraft Equipment, Technology, Procedures and Manpower 4.3.3 Expansion of Auxiliary Airside Facilities 4.3.4 Peak Spreading 4.3.5 Aircraft Size Restrictions 4.4 Conclusions Chapter 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Selected Case Studies for Building New Runways London Heathrow Airport third Runway Manchester International Airport Second Runway Tokyo Narita International Airport Second Runway Conclusion Chapter 6 Supply of and Demand for HKIA Services 6.1 The Estimated Future Traffic Demand for HKIA 6.2 Possible Capacity Enhancement Measures on HKIA’s Two Runways 6.2.1 ATC Systems Enhancement Measures...
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...COUNCIL DIRECTIVE ON AMBIENT AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT WORKING GROUP ON BENZENE POSITION PAPER September 1998 COUNCIL DIRECTIVE ON AMBIENT AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT WORKING GROUP ON BENZENE 1 POSITION PAPER PREFACE Scope Summary 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Benzene in the atmosphere 1.2 Emissions of benzene 1.3 Atmospheric chemistry and transport 1.4 Benzene ambient air concentrations 1.5 Current National Standards and Guidelines 1.6 Summary 1.7 References 2. RISK ASSESSMENT Scope 2.1. 2.2 2.3. 2.4. 2.5. 2.6 Human exposure to benzene Health Effects National and other Health-based Air Quality Guidelines Evaluation of human health risks Recommendations for developing limit values Reference 2. ASSESSMENT METHODS Scope 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Description of monitoring methods 3.3 Network design and siting criteria 3.4 Other assessment techniques: air quality modelling 3.5 Data quality objectives 3.6 Random or continuous measurements 3.7 Information on air quality to the public 3.8 Upper and lower assessment thresholds 3.9 Summary 3.10 References 2 4 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Results of economic analysis 4.3 Discussion 5 DISCUSSION AND FINAL RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 Summary of Chapters 1-4 5.2 Considerations to be taken into account in setting limit values for benzene 5.3 Options for consideration 5.4 Reviewing limit values 3 COMMISSION OF EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Council Directive on Ambient Air Quality Assessment and Management...
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...DEPARTMENT OF MINING ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING GUINDY ANNAUNIVERSITY, CHENNAI – 600 025. ABSOLUTE CONTRLLED BLASTING AT METRO Submitted by:- Parthipan M Kamalkannan B TEAM MATE’S INFORMATION 1. Name: Parthipan M – Mobile No. – 9789887587 Kamalkannan B – Mobile No. - 8754747429 2. Name of the institution:- College of Engineering, Guindy, Anna University, Chennai-25. 3. Branch of study: B.E. Mining Engineering 4. Year of study :III year 5. Stream of paper belongs to Civil Engineering ABSTRACT Ground Vibration due to blasting processes is one of the fundamental problems in the mining and civil excavation industry which may cause severe damage to the structures. Other technique like...
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...Incomplete environmental Impact Assessment c) Project Report not Available d) CRZ Violations Due to Reclamation e) Quarrying f) Local Community not Consulted 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 10 10 12 12 13 15 15 Impact of the Project on Environment, Livelihood and Traffic a) Protected Species Endangered by Illegal Tree Felling b) Impact on the Livelihood of Local Communities c) The Impact of Additional Traffic – Congestion in South Mumbai d) Increase in Road Traffic a Source of Pollution 16 17 20 20 22 Undesirability of the Project for the City’s Well Being a) Impact due to Blockage of the Mithi River b) Financial Viability and Absence of Realistic Projections of Cost Recovery c) Problems with the Planning and Implementation of the Project 23 23 24 26 Part 3: Alternatives Part 4: Conclusions and Recommendations Part 5: Annexures Annexure Annexure Annexure Annexure Annexure Annexure I II III IV V VI : : : : : : Table of Abbreviations Chronology of Events Summary of the Depositions Maps of the Project Official Invitations Sent and Replies Received Bibliography 29 31 33 33 34 36 49 51 54 Members of the Tribunal: Justice R. A. Jahagirdar graduated from Elphinstone College, Mumbai and did his M.A. in Economics from the school of Economics and Sociology. Later...
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...Transport Means : These means of transport are : Cars (trucks) , Ships, Trains, Planes and Pipes. These are the means which are used either for carrying people or carrying the goods from one place to another. 2- Transport Mode : Is the mode or the environment in which the mean is running or moving. Thus, we could say that the land roads are the mode for cars, buses and trucks. Sea is the mode for ships and marine crafts. Railway is the mode for trains. Air is the mode for the planes. And finally the pipeline is mode for pipe transportation. First : The Land Roads When building the roads there are certain requirements which should be considered and require special engineers who are specialized in this aspect in order to meet the local and the international requirements and standards which include the speed limits for cars and trucks, number of lanes, width of each lane, the degree of the steeps and the radius of the curves and many other things. Factors to be considered when planning for building a road : The highway roads and those which are designed for heavy lift trucks should pass out towns and cities in order to minimize traffic, noise and pollution inside the towns. When planning for a road or roads network it should be done to be capable of serving the future traffic considering the possibilities of the increasing population, number of cars and trucks and the expected increment in moving goods. Roads should be capable of reaching other places...
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...Law Environment and Development Journal LEAD REVIEW OF NESREA ACT 2007 AND REGULATIONS 2009-2011: A NEW DAWN IN ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT IN NIGERIA Muhammed Tawfiq Ladan COUNTRY LEGISLATION 8/1 VOLUME LEAD Journal (Law, Environment and Development Journal) is a peer-reviewed academic publication based in New Delhi and London and jointly managed by the School of Law, School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) - University of London and the International Environmental Law Research Centre (IELRC). LEAD is published at www.lead-journal.org ISSN 1746-5893 The Managing Editor, LEAD Journal, c/o International Environmental Law Research Centre (IELRC), International Environment House II, 1F, 7 Chemin de Balexert, 1219 Châtelaine-Geneva, Switzerland, Tel/fax: + 41 (0)22 79 72 623, info@lead-journal.org Country Legislation REVIEW OF NESREA ACT 2007 AND REGULATIONS 2009-2011: A NEW DAWN IN ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT IN NIGERIA Muhammed Tawfiq Ladan This document can be cited as Muhammed Tawfiq Ladan, ‘Review of NESREA Act 2007 and Regulations 2009-2011: A New Dawn in Environmental Compliance and Enforcement in Nigeria’, 8/1 Law, Environment and Development Journal (2012), p. 116, available at http://www.lead-journal.org/content/12116.pdf Muhammed Tawfiq Ladan, Professor of Law, Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, Email: mtladan@gmail.com Published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs...
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...The highly controversial, and much disputed issues surrounding the Keystone XL crude oil pipeline project have been under the scrutiny of American politics in recent months. A debate has ensued around national calls for the construction of infrastructure that would transport a crude oil alternative from Canada to the United States, and has rapidly gained increased exposure. This exposure can be attributed to a number of factors, but in large part rising gasoline prices and political pressures are the driving factors. Increased demand for more reliable and stable supplies of crude oil in the United States has been driven by an ailing supply of traditional heavy oil. TransCanada Corporation is a Canadian based energy company which develops and operates energy infrastructure throughout North America. The corporation finds itself at the focal point of the oil sands debate. The transnational corporation has applied for a permit to carry out a $7 billion project by the name of Keystone XL, which would allow TransCanada to construct and manage an oil transport pipeline between the United States-Canada border. The pipeline would transport crude oil produced from oil sands in Canada to oil refineries in the Texas Gulf Coast. Since the pipeline would cross international borders, the project requires the approval of the State Department in accord with Executive Order 13337. It is over this crucial point that much of the discussion has been centered. Time Magazine has dubbed oil sands “Canada’s...
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...Environmental Studies For Undergraduate Courses Erach Bharucha Textbook for Environmental Studies For Undergraduate Courses of all Branches of Higher Education Erach Bharucha for University Grants Commission Natural Resources i Preliminary Pages.p65 1 4/9/2004, 5:06 PM Credits Principal author and editor – Erach Bharucha Unit 1 – Erach Bharucha Unit 2 – Erach Bharucha, Behafrid Patel Unit 3 – Erach Bharucha Unit 4 – Erach Bharucha Unit 5 – Shamita Kumar Unit 6 – Erach Bharucha, Shalini Nair, Behafrid Patel Unit 7 – Erach Bharucha, Shalini Nair, Behafrid Patel Unit 8 – Erach Bharucha, Shambhvi Joshi Case Studies – Prasanna Kolte Co-ordination and compilation – Behafrid Patel Textbook Design – Narendra Kulkarni (Mudra), Sushma Durve Manuscript review and editing – Chinmaya Dunster, Behafrid Patel Artists – Sushma Durve and Anagha Deshpande CD ROM – Jaya Rai and Prasanna Kolte © Copyright Text – Erach Bharucha/ UGC, 2004. Photographs – Erach Bharucha Drawings – Bharati Vidyapeeth Institute of Environment Education and Research All rights reserved. Distributed by University Grants Commission, New Delhi. 2004. ii Environmental Studies for Undergraduate Courses Preliminary Pages.p65 2 4/9/2004, 5:06 PM Vision The importance of Environmental Studies cannot be disputed. The need for sustainable development is a key to the future of mankind. The degradation of our environment is linked to continuing problems of pollution, loss of forest...
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...This article is an overview of the reactions of most Nigerians to environmental hazards at construction sites, the effects of hazards and the safety controls put in place by the Nigerian government and other environmental agencies with the ultimate of reducing the risks associated with those hazards as low as reasonably practicable. Direct on-site observations were used to study the adherence of the construction sites workers to safety tips at Jehovah Witness chapel construction sites, Chelsea avenue, Abakpa Nike, Enugu, Immaculate Conception Parish Construction Site, Abakpa, 18 Felix Okoro Close (a 3-storeyed building construction site) Iji Nike, Enugu, and Ugbene II Road construction by J. Quarrison Nigeria Ltd. The results presented shows...
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...Business and society Overview Companies play an important role in society, impacting on communities and regions as well as individual employees. The concept of corporate social responsibility recognizes that businesses often voluntarily integrate social and environmental concerns into their business models. Issues of corporate governance come into play particularly in cases of company restructuring. The Foundation monitors developments through its European Restructuring Monitor. A quarterly analysis of trends and in-depth case studies are available in the ERM quarterly. Through their business operations, companies have an important impact on the natural environment. The corporate sector has found itself in the media spotlight for environmentally problematic activities. Small and medium-sized enterprises are also under increasing pressure to adopt environmentally responsible practices. Introduction Businesses interact with the wider society they are part of. Businesses are affected by society, for example in the kinds of goods and services they are expected to produce, and businesses affect society by their activities. It is a two-way process. See, for example this article on discrimination in the workplace: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/1605029.stm Some of the ways in which businesses affect society are negative, and usually governments limit these activities by law. For example, some business activities damage the environment. In addition, there are ethical constraints...
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