...government censorship over internet, which is turning into a national dilemma as well as the cross-national conflict which affect the global businesses. Nowadays, internet censorship is widely accepted standard regulation that controls any information available on the internet and by using filtering tools to prevent people from accessing materials that are considered to be inappropriate. While government support the use of internet censorship as a protection of public security and defines the ‘inappropriate material’ to determine what people can view on the internet, others argue that it is simply a tool to take away people from their own right to express freedom of speech and make people blindly accept what they can access on the internet. The paper also addresses the growing problem of cross-national conflict by giving the practice of multinational company Google and addressing the issues of the value system between Chinese and US government. The paper concludes that as the rapid growth of internet technology and international businesses, it has become more difficult to achieve both control of information and the benefits of technology, and there is a need for balance between these two factors. Table of Contents Abstract I Table of Contents II 1. Introduction １ 2. The nature of internet development and censorship ２ 2.1The history and nature of internet development ２ 2.2 Methods of internet control ２ 2.2.1 Internet filtering technology ３ 2.2.2 Internet regulation...
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...Chinese Censorship is a Contradicting Problem In the contemporary society, with internet expansion the world is extending to be an Information Age. Due to the expansion, a large amount of sensitive information that governments disagree with is widely and rapidly spread. In order to control the dramatic increase of this sensitive information censorship occurs. According to a report, censorship is defined as “…one of the tools used by governments to filter out unwanted information and to prevent the spread through the World Wide Web”. (Antonio Lupetti) In many countries around the world, government censors restrict access to certain kinds of material for their citizens such as movies with sexual content, news with political ideas, and violent video games. Based on the latest data, censorship is a phenomenon of staggering proportions that affects over 25% of the global population. China, with a population of over 1.3 billion people and 360 million active users of the Internet is by far the nation in which the censors’ activity affects the highest number of citizens (China). It is well known among the Chinese that Facebook, Twitter and YouTube are all blocked in China because there is too much sensitive information on them. It is clear that since censorship has begun in China, it has hindered China from developing, updating information and limited the freedom of speech. Censorship has been used in China for centuries. According to the Baidu Encyclopedia which is a very popular...
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...Reg. No. 110136970 Course: JNL 6032 Media Censorship Course leader: Dr. John Steel Abstract In this essay the recent fashion of Weibo in Chinese media is discussed, especially on the Chinese authorities and government's attitude towards it, moreover and more importantly, the way of how Weibo is being censored is explained. According to previous theories, internet cannot be regarded as a safe and free place for ideas and liberated speeches, Weibo is a good and exaggerated example as it is born in China--a nation long been considered to be less democratic. But is it really true? Was the limit of speech and media censorship really necessary? How does China want to assert them? Introduction As the 'Arab Spring' had cause enormous shake in the Middle East and north Africa, we had witnessed other great overthrows of regimes, and internet undoubtedly participated as a important role in the movement. When another civic protest took place in numerous western countries, we can also sense the huge power emanated by the social networks. The Chinese government was well aware of this, and they had foreseen the danger and unrest that these social networks could bring, 2 years earlier Twitter was officially shut sown---possibly because of the riot in Xinjiang one month before the blocking--and Weibo appeared as a Chinese replica to replace it. As theories have been given suggesting that internet is not a insurance for democracy of freedom of...
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...regarding “Censorship of the Internet”, explain how Censorship can work in some instances but in others it can be a detriment to society. Introduction Since electronic devices such as computer, smart phone and tablet have generalised and the number of internet users is getting bigger, internet contains tremendous amount of information from trivial one to even significant information that could occur a social problem. Every information is exposed through the internet and people could touch those information easily. As these reasons, government wants to control and monitor the internet access in many nations, including North Korea, Iraq, China, Myanmar, Syria, Turkey, Vietnam, Uzbekistan, Maldives, and Tunisia so on. This, government control or suppression of what can be gain access to, distributed, or watched on the internet, is called internet censorship. The definition of internet censorship is a way used by government or religious institutions to supervise or regulate the public access to offensive or harmful materials (Turban, 2012) This topic is very sensitive subject to decide whether it should exist or not. There is a sharp division of belief between people who approve and disapprove. This report is going to illustrate how the censorship works by some method, why the internet censorship is necessary, and the disadvantages of internet censorship, finally it talks about examples and current situation of internet censorship in the world. Necessity of internet censorship ...
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...Executive summary We cannot imagine our life without internet, it become internal part of our life. Some researcher considered internet to be the greatest innovation of modern’s time. Suppose the facility of internet given to us taken by someone forcibly, then imagine our life without it. In recent development china and iran have restricted the information flow throughout their country, specially china have ban Google-universal search engine and email in its country. Firstly question arises why any country will ban if internet is so useful. There lots of hidden agenda of the govt that has to be protected, if there is free flow of information is there public start questioning on the procedures of govt work. Internet censorship in China is among the most stringent in the world. The government blocks Web sites that discuss the Dalai Lama, the 1989 crackdown on Tiananmen Square protesters, Falun Gong, the banned spiritual movement, and other Internet sites The government’s computers intercept incoming data and compare it against an ever-changing list of banned keywords or Web sites, screening out even more information. The motive is often obvious: Since late 2010, the censors have prevented Google searches of the English word “freedom.” In March 2011, Google accused the Chinese government of disrupting its Gmail service in the country and making it appear as if technical problems at Google — not government intervention — were to blame. At the same time, several popular virtual...
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...Censorship a Contravention to Freedom of Speech During the 21st century, one of the most important concepts known to people around the world is the freedom of speech. People coming from different countries, having diverse religions and living in dissimilar backgrounds talk about it every day. In some countries people do solicit for it as their right. But the question is, “Is there something called freedom of speech in the first place? Or is it just a fantasy that can never be accomplished? Or are we even talked into thinking that we do possess it?” In the midst of all this bewilderment, the notion of censorship pops up to clarify the image. The word censorship is familiar to people, for everybody has heard about the governmental censorship...
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...Paul Lee Professor Askren English 100 March 7, 2012 Censorship Suppression of information and ideas by anyone, whether it be government officials, writers, or artists, censorship is what blankets the world from seeing what the truth really is. Media and ads in various forms are forced to be careful what they air to the public. With the growth of technology and the expansion of resources available via the Internet: Email, World Wide Web, and Video-Chatting, the amount of censorship throughout the world has increased drastically over the years. Every nation on Earth has a certain form of censorship that ranges from the extreme to the not so extreme. The United States and most European nation’s censorship level is the least compared to that of other countries. Nations where foundations are shaky and don’t have a strong central government is where censorship really takes it tolls. Countries like DPRK (North Korea), Pakistan, Burma, Syria, Cuba, Iran, and China must abide by what the dictator wants the people to see and not, by the use of extreme bias. Along with the international community and its government using censorship, the decision of censoring something can also be made by an individual aside from the government. Individuals that might be biased with is or her own thoughts. Censorship decisions might be illogical, unfair, unconstitutional, or in some cases just immoral. People tend to want to censor everything that they personally don’t tend to agree with. Corporations...
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...Google in China’s World Lauri Mak Ottawa University October 19, 2012 Abstract This paper will discuss Google, one of the largest internet search engines decision to enter the China internet market and the deviation against their very own corporate ethics policies. It will identify the key stakeholders involved and will look at the primary non-marketing issues and analysis each issue. Introduction In 1996 Larry Page and Sergey Brin began developing a search engine called BackRub while enrolled at Stanford University. In 1998 the company was renamed Google Incorporated and launched their search engine from a garage in Santa Margarita California. First held as a private company, they went public in August of 2004. Google grew extremely quickly by taking their single language website and adding different products including but not limited to the development of various forms of advertising and web applications from a variety of different tasks as found on the company website http://Google.com. Google.com quickly grew to be the most popular search engine in the world. “Their technology used an algorithm to find possible Web pages with search criteria provided by the user. Google’s PageRanktm technology measures the importance of different Web pages by solving an equation with more than 500 million variables and 2 billion terms.” (Martin, 2011) Google’s decision to enter the Chinese market was based on greed and increased market share rather than their company’s highly publicized...
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...Google in China Cohort Manara Google In China Corporate Social Responsibility Professor Kenny Tang HULT International Business School Module B Submitted By: Manara Team 10 Hafswa Salim Adriéne T. Smith Ornella Anoh Aravind Sathyanandham Yogesh Ranwa Samer Abou Fakher March 9th, 2014 1 Team 10...
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...Searching for Internet Freedom in China_GALLEYED (Do Not Delete) 3/18/2013 9:19 PM SEARCHING FOR INTERNET FREEDOM IN CHINA: A CASE STUDY ON GOOGLE’S CHINA EXPERIENCE JYH-AN LEE,* CHING-YI LIU,** AND WEIPING LI*** ABSTRACT ........................................................................................ 406 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. 406 I. THE NATURE OF THE INTERNET AND GOOGLE’S BUSINESS ............ 408 A. The Evolving Nature of the Internet................................. 408 B. The Study of Google and its China Experience................ 409 II. GOOGLE.CN AND CHINA’S INTERNET POLICY ............................... 412 A. The Story of Google.cn .................................................... 413 B. China’s Internet Policy in the Case of Google.cn............. 419 1. Technological Control of Search Engines .................. 419 2. Legal Control of Search Engines................................ 421 III. POLICY IMPLICATIONS FROM THE CASE OF GOOGLE.CN .............. 423 A. Global Network, Local Internet........................................ 424 B. Leveraging Commercial Power to Regulate the Internet . 426 IV. THE ACCOUNTABILITY CRISIS IN INTERNET GOVERNANCE ......... 428 A. The Problem of Internet Accountability ........................... 428 B. Solutions to the Digital-Accountability Problem ............. 431 CONCLUSION.......................................................................
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...INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS STRATEGY IN ACTION Google On july 19, 2005, Google announced the opening of a product research and development center in China, to be led by renowned computer scientist and industry pioneer Dr. Kai-Fu Lee. Dr. Lee served as de company´s first president and hoped to exploit China´s thriving economy, excellent universities and multitude of talent to help Google develop new products and expand its international business operations. One of the company´s goals was to revitalize the Google website and offer a search engine catered specifically to the Chinese population. The launch of the new web site and sear engine, Google.cn, enable the company to create a greater presence in the growing Chinese market and offered a customized region-specific tool with features (such as Chinese-language character inputs) that made the chinese user experience much simpler. It also sparked the greatest controversy in the company´s history. In order to gain the Chinese government´s approval and acceptance, it agreed to self-censor and purge any search result of which the government disapproved. Otherwise, the new website risked being blocked in the same way the previous Google. Com was blocked by the Chinese authorities. Google conceded. Type in “Falung gong” or “Tianannmen Square” on Google. Com and thousands of search results will appear; however, when typed into Google.cn all the links will have disappeared. Google will have censored them completely. Google´s ...
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...and people of a nation. For example the French and American revolution that created a strong binding of Americans. We are a far cry from that in this new day and age. There are many acts that U.S. government creates in the name of nationalism, but have ended up being something that negatively affected the American people. The patriot act for instance. This act was put into place forty five days after the 9/11 attacks. While the American government stated that this act was created to protect Americans it made it legal for our civil rights to be violated. This act made under the guise of national security makes every day Americans susceptible to being scrutinized as assumed criminals and or terrorists. All emails, phone conversations and internet activity can be tracked without warrant or warning. Any person can be held in the name of national security without a phone call and our personal information can be gathered without a judge even having to review why and issue a warrant. All of this in the name of nationalism.According to the American Civil Liberties Union between 2003 and 2006 the F.B.I. investigated 192,499 people that led to 1 terrorist conviction. This information that F.B.I. obtained on...
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...at Duke Universit y Business Ethics GOOGLE IN CHINA “The Great Firewall” Prepared by Kristina Wilson, Yaneli Ramos, and Daniel Harvey under the supervision of Professor Wayne Norman (edited by Professor Chris MacDonald) In early 2006, search-engine giant Google struck a deal with the People’s Republic of China and launched Google.cn, a version of its search engine run by the company from within China. Launching Google.cn required Google to operate as an official Internet Service Provider (ISP) in China, a country whose Communist government requires all ISPs to selfcensor, removing content that is considered illegal from search results. From a financial perspective, China represented for Google a dynamic and fast-growing, though increasingly competitive, market. Google’s decision to self-censor Google.cn attracted significant ethical criticism at the time. The company’s motto is “Don’t Be Evil,” and prior to entering China, Google had successfully set itself apart from other technology giants, becoming a company trusted by millions of users to protect and store their personal information. The choice to accept self-censorship, and the discussion and debate generated by this choice, forced Google to re-examine itself as a company and forced the international community to reconsider the implications of censorship. This case was prepared as the basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either the effective or ineffective handling of an administrative situation...
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...at Duke Universit y Business Ethics GOOGLE IN CHINA “The Great Firewall” Prepared by Kristina Wilson, Yaneli Ramos, and Daniel Harvey under the supervision of Professor Wayne Norman (edited by Professor Chris MacDonald) In early 2006, search-engine giant Google struck a deal with the People’s Republic of China and launched Google.cn, a version of its search engine run by the company from within China. Launching Google.cn required Google to operate as an official Internet Service Provider (ISP) in China, a country whose Communist government requires all ISPs to selfcensor, removing content that is considered illegal from search results. From a financial perspective, China represented for Google a dynamic and fast-growing, though increasingly competitive, market. Google’s decision to self-censor Google.cn attracted significant ethical criticism at the time. The company’s motto is “Don’t Be Evil,” and prior to entering China, Google had successfully set itself apart from other technology giants, becoming a company trusted by millions of users to protect and store their personal information. The choice to accept self-censorship, and the discussion and debate generated by this choice, forced Google to re-examine itself as a company and forced the international community to reconsider the implications of censorship. This case was prepared as the basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either the effective or ineffective handling of an administrative situation...
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...Legal and Regulatory Ecology Shaping the Internet by William H. Dutton Anna Dopatka Michael Hills Ginette Law and Victoria Nash Oxford Internet Institute University of Oxford 1 St Giles Oxford OX1 3JS United Kingdom 19 August 2010 A report prepared for UNESCO’s Division for Freedom of Expression, Democracy and Peace. The opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UNESCO or its Division for Freedom of Expression, Democracy and Peace. Preface As stated in its Constitution, UNESCO is dedicated to “Promoting the free flow of ideas by word and image”. Part of this mission, therefore, is to promote freedom of expression and freedom of the press through sensitization and monitoring activities, as a central element in building strong democracies, contributing to good governance, promoting civic participation and the rule of law, and encouraging human development and security. Media independence and pluralism are fostered by the Organization, providing advisory services on media legislation and sensitizing governments and parliamentarians, as well as civil society and relevant professional associations. However, UNESCO recognizes that the principle of freedom of expression must apply not only to traditional media, but also to the Internet. Providing an unprecedented volume of resources...
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