...Recently the terms "governance" and "good governance" are being increasingly used in development literature. Bad governance is being increasingly regarded as one of the root causes of all evil within our societies. Major donors and international financial institutions are increasingly basing their aid and loans on the condition that reforms that ensure "good governance" are undertaken. The concept of "governance" is not new. It is as old as human civilization. Simply put "governance" means: the process of decision-making and the process by which decisions are implemented (or not implemented). Governance can be used in several contexts such as corporate governance, international governance, national governance and local governance. Since governance is the process of decision-making and the process by which decisions are implemented, an analysis of governance focuses on the formal and informal actors involved in decision-making and implementing the decisions made and the formal and informal structures that have been set in place to arrive at and implement the decision. Government is one of the actors in governance. Other actors involved in governance vary depending on the level of government that is under discussion. In rural areas, for example, other actors may include influential land lords, associations of peasant farmers, cooperatives, NGOs, research institutes, religious leaders, finance institutions political parties, the military etc. The situation in urban areas is much...
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...INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ON AUDITING 560 SUBSEQUENT EVENTS (Effective for audits of financial statements for periods beginning on or after December 15, 2009) CONTENTS Paragraph Introduction Scope of this ISA ...................................................................................... Subsequent Events .................................................................................... Effective Date ........................................................................................... Objectives ................................................................................................ Definitions ................................................................................................ Requirements Events Occurring between the Date of the Financial Statements and the Date of the Auditor’s Report ........................................................ Facts Which Become Known to the Auditor after the Date of the Auditor’s Report but before the Date the Financial Statements are Issued ........................................................................................... Facts Which Become Known to the Auditor after the Financial Statements Have Been Issued ............................................................ Application and Other Explanatory Material Scope of this ISA ...................................................................................... Definitions .........................................................................
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...ROLE OF MEDIA IN PROMOTING GOOD GOVERNANCE Media are the storage and transmission channel or tool used to store and deliver information or data. Media are (mostly) non state actors who define themselves apart from the state and from all other societal actors (what Edmund Burke described as a “fourth estate”, distinct from government, church and electorate). While this notion of free and independent media acting on behalf of the citizen against both state and other interests is a widespread ideal, the reality of most media worldwide is complex, rapidly changing and extraordinarily diverse. Media can consist of everything from national newspapers to student magazines, global broadcasters to community radio, websites and blogs to social networks and virtual communities, citizen journalists to government mouthpieces. This briefing focuses principally on media – and to a lesser extent on linked information and technologies - at a national level within developing countries. The term media refers to several different forms of communication required to educate and make a socially aware nation. The communication forms can be radio, television, cinema, magazines, newspapers, and/or Internet-based web sites. These forms often play a varied and vital role in our society. GOVERNANCE Recently the terms "governance" and "good governance" are being increasingly used in development literature. Bad governance is being increasingly regarded as one of the root causes of all evil within our...
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...Introduction Policies are set of guidelines or principles to guide in decision making towards achieve a rational outcome. Policy making is a process of making crucial organization decisions. Policies can assist in subjective and objective decision making. They are several steps in implementation and carrying out of a policy. These steps include agenda setting, Policy decisions or no-decision, implementation of a new program or change in an old public program and criticism from citizens and formal program evaluations As a public administrator who is responsible with the implementation of government policies, I would first identify the pressing problem that requires legislations. Then take a comprehensive study of the cause of the problem in details. I will also get to know the awareness of the public on the issue, so that I can be able to decide on who will participate in fixing it. I will then consider the available means to solve the problem. After considering all this I will be able to gauge on the policy change, if there is need of any. After identifying the problem and studying it in into details, then I will formulate a new policy. However I have to involve different interested and affected parties. Since this stage involves discussion to identify potential challenges and alternative solution. To set clear objectives and steps needed to solve the issue. I will then put the new policy that has been agreed upon in to effect. To make this step a success, I need to ensure...
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...IT Governance A summary of “Ten Principles of IT Governance” (2004, Peter Weill, Jeanne W. Ross) and “IT Governance Framework” (2005, Craig Symons) Coming up with new governance mechanisms and policies should not be reactive (patching up problems), but proactive – using the enterprise’s objectives and performance goals as a basis Mature business governance processes can be used for IT governance Governance redesigns should be undertaken only when strategy is being revised, in such cases IT governance can be used for leveraging the strategic transformation CIO’s and senior management’s involvement in IT governance is crucial for its success, because it ensures better alignment of IT with strategy The exception-handling process must be clearly defined, as short as possible and should enable and encourage organizational learning. The owner of the IT governance must be familiar with all aspects of the enterprise (not only IT) and have credibility with all business leaders. The owner of the IT governance must be made also responsible for its performance A layered structure is often necessary for IT governance (possible layers are: enterprise-wide IT governance – driven by enterprise-wide strategies and goals and IT governance at division and business unit levels) The effectiveness of IT governance is severely affected by the effectiveness of its communication and transparency Coordination in the governance of the all six assets, one of which is IT, is critical for maximizing the...
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...What are policies, standards, specifications, procedures and exceptions Policy An Information Technology Policy is the highest level of the Information Technology (IT) Governance Standards documents. An IT Policy sets the direction, tone and limits for the enterprise and IT, and the IT Standards which are developed under the authority of the Policy. A Policy should seldom change. IT Policies require compliance; failure to comply may result in disciplinary action. Exceptions can only be approved by the CIO. A Policy focuses on desired results, not on the means of implementation. Accountabilities: Oversight of IT Policies is the responsibility of IT Governance. Policies must be approved by the Chief Information Officer and the Enterprise Policy Council. Standard Information Technology Standard Information Technology Standards are the most often used documents in the IT Policies and Standards Library serving as a reference for employees, contractors, consultants, and other persons. An IT Standard: • Defines requirements around a topic. The requirements may range from very specific (i.e., only 3DES and AES encryption algorithms may be used.) to broad (i.e., Web applications must check for common vulnerabilities). • Provides requirements without stating dynamic details. When dynamic details are important, an IT Standard may identify a requirement for the existence of a Specification or Procedure to contain those details. • Reviewed annually. The frequency of...
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...ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF SERVICE CHARTERS ON SERVICE DELIVERY IN MALAWI – A CASE OF SOUTHERN REGION WATER BOARD BY RASHID FRIDAY NTELELA (201004511) A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MASTERS DEGREE IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION TO THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE SCHOOL OF PUBLIC MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT, UNIVERSITY OF FORT HARE, BISHO CAMPUS SUPERVISOR PROF. E.O.C IJEOMA 20th January, 2012 1 DECLARATION I, Rashid Friday Ntelela, hereby declare that this research thesis is my own original work, that all reference sources have been accurately reported and acknowledged, and that this document has not previously, in its entirety or in part, been submitted to any University in order to obtain an academic qualification. Rashid Friday Ntelela 20th January, 2012 2 Table of Contents DECLARATION ............................................................................................................... 2 DEDICATION .................................................................................................................. 7 Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................... 8 CHAPTER 1 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Introduction............................................................................................................ 9 Statement of the Problem .................................................................................. 11 Research...
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...Project governance is the management framework within which project decisions are made. Project governance is a critical element of any project since while the accountabilities and responsibilities associated with an organisation’s business as usual activities are laid down in their organisational governance arrangements, seldom does an equivalent framework exist to govern the development of project’s capital investments ( Sharma, Stone and Ekinci 2009 ). Project Governance extends the principle of Governance into both the management of individual projects via Governance structures, and the management of projects at the business level, for example via Business Reviews of Projects. Today, many organisations are developing models for ‘Project Governance Structures', which can be different to a traditional Organisation Structure in that it defines accountabilities and responsibilities for strategic decision-making across the project ( Crawford, Cooke-Davies, Hobbs, Labuschagne, Remington and Chen 2008 ). This can be particularly useful to project management processes such as change control and strategic decision-making. The decision making framework of the project governance is supported by three pillars ( Klakegg, Williams, Magnussen and Glasspool 2008 ) namely: structure, people and information. 1. Structure: This refers to the governance committee structure. As well as there being a Project Board or Project Steering Committee, the broader governance environment may include...
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...– like for any institution or even any individual – is a matter of governance, defined as “a mode of governing that is distinct from the hierarchical control model characterizing the interventionist state. Governance is the type of regulation typical of the cooperative State, where State and non-state actors participate in mixed public private partnership networks1”or “the formation of cooperative relationships between government, profit-making firms, and non-profit private organizations to fulfil a policy function.2” Of course governance is more than just a way to manage the interrelations within a public private partnership arrangement. We shall detail this by reference to a catalogue of the different types of accountability mechanisms identified by Erik B. Bluemel (BLUEMEL, 20073). The references cited here are taken from the mentioned article. People find into the Civil Society a playground to express their frustrations towards their national or local government that ordinary democracy fails to resolve. Therefore they feel the right to obtain a higher degree of accountability from the organisation they join or support. Regrettably, they are seldom satisfied. Accountability mechanisms are usually designed to constrain power, whatever its form. In the Communication Society, it has become one of the essential means for all interconnected actors to exert mutual control. It is an essential part of e-Governance and the only real enabler of eDemocracy. It has become quite clear that...
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...Fundamentals of Public Administration: “Public Office is a public trust. Public officers and employees must at all times, be accountable to the people, serve them with utmost responsibility, integrity, loyalty, and efficiency; act with patriotism and justice and lead modest life. ( Sec 1, Article XI of 1987 Philippines Constitution). How can we show our commitment to public interest? Base on the article of public servant in the Commission on election. Public Office is a public trust , therefore I am bound to commit myself as a public servant to obey due diligence of a good mother of the family in the exercise of my duty as election officer . My decision should be guided well on how to use the resources and powers which should be used for the betterment of the community and for the Firstly, dedication to work is very important and this will help me decide on how to work efficiently by organizing the agenda and work plans for the day so that there would be a smooth flow of output in the accomplishment to whatever reports needed. Secondly, by using justly the knowledge and experiences in the assigned work in the office, sometimes it counts when there is a devotion and dedication in the assigned task . Thirdly, honesty is the best policy , especially with the disposition of office supplies and funds in the Office, my duty is to dispose it properly and all accounted for and recycle some office supplies . Lastly, by exercising the cost-effective way to use the...
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...Summary Electronic Information sharing and social media continues to grow rapidly as a medium for companies to communicate and interact with their customers. They are utilized by 72% of the companies as a marketing/communication medium. One of the main reasons for this success is the speed at which information can be communicated. A study conducted by McKinsey Global Institute indicates that there is a potential to create a value of 900 billion to 1.3 trillion dollars by increasing productivity in the four main sectors: Consumer packaged goods, Retail Financial Services, Advanced Manufacturing and Professional Services. Two thirds of the value comes from better communication and collaboration within and across companies. Both of which can be accomplished from electronic information sharing and social media. Despite the benefits of adopting such technologies, there are risks that companies face. Risks include sensitive information being leaked and unauthorized information being communicated. Companies are finding solutions to deal with this by making the IT and legal departments to work together. Most of the information on social media is unfiltered and created in real time. Until recently FINRA and FDA had legal and regulatory requirements for ensuring that employees comply with public disclosure requirements. The requirements primarily affected the financial and pharmaceutical industries. As legislators recognize the need for accountability, they are drafting legislation...
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...There is no doubt that over the years, men have been dominating politics of most countries in the world. But it doesn’t mean they did splendid job in what they are suppose to do? Politics has never been an easy place for any man who supposedly can’t even handle political landscape at home. Family of course. Today, most countries in the world face problems of democracy, justice, equality, social problems arising from bad governance of those in corridor of power who are mostly men. Having failed to provide good governance, when come to think of it, there is nothing wrong if women who are noted to be caring, concern, and responsible are given more chances in government for possible change in the ‘status quo'. Should a woman involve in politics have always been subject of controversy over the years. But among other political posts today few women are already presidents of countries and senators, assembly members, and councilors . Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (Argentina), Dilma Rousseff (Brazil) and Joyce Banda (Malawi)- presidents of representative countries have proven that woman can own a place on the top of political settings. Woman have been viewed weak and are less interested or less knowledgeable about politics than men. Perhaps this is why women feel removed from the current political process. If women see that politics remains a men-only club then they are far less likely to participate and to put themselves forward. If they see a women leader in the political settings...
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...Alex Brillantes, Jr. and Maricel Fernandez Yes, there is a Philippine Public Administration Is there a Philippine public administration? A number of our colleagues asked us why we are asking that question again as we were planning this colloquium. Indeed that question had been asked 20 years ago, and answers have been provided us by eminent scholars of Public Administration such as Raul de Guzman and Onofre Corpuz. After two decades, we think it is worthwhile to revisit the issue and ask our colleagues once again to answer the question, “Is there a Philippine Public Administration?” This time around, we take the question a little further and ask an equally important second question, “If there is a Philippine Public Administration, then for whom does Philippine Public Administration exist?” Among the basic references we have been using in the general introductory course in Public Administration at both the graduate (PA 201) and undergraduate (PA 11) levels are essays by the aforementioned eminent scholars of Philippine Public Administration (Dr de Guzman and Dr Corpuz). These essays were published in a special issue of the Philippine Journal of Public Administration in 1986 (PJPA).3 While de Guzman and Corpuz both assert that there is a Philippine Public Administration, both also suggest that the question be properly contextualized. There is a Philippine Public Administration as far as there is an American, French and Thai public administration. There is a Philippine...
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...procedures and evidence of their implementation, and ongoing education and enforcement. * Security Policies like information security risk analysis, information security risk, information aaaaaaqaaasecurity audit controls, system activity review policy, security incident response policy, data backup and storage policy, data disposal policy, media re-use policy, workstation policy, electronic PHI movement policy * Privacy policies PHI uses and disclosures, patient access, accounting of disclosures, sanctions policy, breach policies and procedures. * Healthcare Trends Bring New Compliance Challenges * EHRs and Additional Points of Disclosure * Increased Risk from Physician Practice Acquisitions * HIE and Information Governance * Broadening HIM’s Role to Meet Evolving PHI Disclosure Management Needs Comprehensive review of policies and procedures, ensuring proper PHI disclosure management on an ongoing basis and should include policies related to the HIE environment such as the Data Use and Reciprocal Support Agreement (DURSA) and the sub-data set available through the DURSA, and audits of the HIE environment. Conducting internal audits in a variety of ways (planned, unplanned, or even “mystery” audits, when the staff doesn’t know it’s being audited) can promote better compliance. Ensure software...
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...speak on today is ‘use of technology and innovation in promoting good governance’. But before I start, let me take your opinion on two basic things. All those raise your hand who thinks the current government is doing a great job. All those raise your hand who thinks the previous government did a great job. There lies the difference. One did just ‘governance’ and another ‘good governance’. However, the difference is not this small and we need to explore the term ‘Good Governance’ in detail and also how technology and innovation will promote it. Keeping this in mind, I have divided my talk in to 4 parts. First, we will see what one exactly means by ‘Good Governance’. Second, we will see how technology and innovation complements it. Then we will discuss some examples keeping the working of current government in mind, some of the initiatives taken by the government. And finally, I will conclude with what future avenues can be explored by the use of technology which is currently untapped. So what exactly is good governance? The definition or exact meaning of the term may vary from individual to individual, for some it may be to provide shelter and food to each and every person, for others it might be proper functioning of law and order, development etc. However one thing which everyone of us will agree on and which is also the definition as per the ruling party is that Good Governance is an administration where even the weakest section of the society have...
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