...Copper Cycle The copper cycle involves many different type of reactions. In this lab you will investigate the various types of reactions that are used to complete the cycle. Solid copper will be added at the beginning of the reactions. Due to the law of conservation of matter the amount of copper put into the reaction should also come out of the reaction at the end. The reactions that you will perform are generally outlined in the following cycle: Reactions: 1. 8HNO3 (aq) + 3Cu (s) + O2 (g) 3Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + 4H2O (l) + 2NO2 (g) 2. Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) 3. Cu(OH)2 4. CuO (s) + H2SO4 (aq) 5. CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) Materials: 250 mL beaker Aspirator H2O Glass funnel Rubber tubing 15 mL - 6.0 M Sulfuric Acid Ring stand Bunsen burner 2.0 g Zinc powder Ring 0.5 g copper wire 10 mL - 6 M Hydrochloric Acid Wire Gauze 4.0 mL - 16 M Nitric Acid Finger clamp 30 mL - 3.0 M NaOH Set-Up: 1. Create a fume hood from a funnel surgical tubing and aspirator. 2. Support the 250 mL beaker with a ring and wire gauze. 3. Connect the funnel with a finger clamp over the 250 mL beaker. 4. Connect hose to funnel and aspirator (fume hood maybe used in lieu of funnel and aspirator set-up). Procedures: 1. Mass a 250 ml beaker and record in the data table. 2. Mass out approximately 0.500 grams of no. 16 copper wire and record the mass of the copper in the data table and place...
Words: 681 - Pages: 3
...metallic copper going through a number of chemical reactions that result in a number of different compounds before the copper returns to its original metallic form. The objective of the experiment includes becoming familiar with standard laboratory practices used to separate and purify products and the concept of percent recovery. The objective was also to balance and classify the different reactions involved in the cycle and to identify and write the formula unit, total ionic and net ionic equations for the precipitation and acid-base reactions in this experiment. The first reaction that occurred was when a piece of copper was added to a solution of HNO3. This resulted in a green solution that let off brown fumes. These brown fumes were from the oxidation of the copper and left a clear blue solution. The next reaction occurred when 30.0 mL of 3.0M NaOH was added. This caused the clear blue solution to turn into a bright blue, gelatinous solution. This was caused by the addition of the base, which resulted in the precipitation of the copper hydroxide. Heat was added to the solution, which caused the hydrogen to leave, and the solution to form a black precipitate. Fourthly, the addition of H2SO4 caused the solution the solution to turn into a clear light blue solution, copper sulfate. Lastly, when the Al was added to the solution the solution turned red and fizzed and turned clear. This was caused by the reduction of the copper cations by the Al to yield metallic copper. The unreacted...
Words: 546 - Pages: 3
... Organization: ABC Company Ltd. Deals with Automobile spare parts manufacturing. The divisions include Casting, Milling, grinding and polishing. Core Raw materials are different metals like Copper, Bronze, Silver, MS1023 and MS1045. But they also treat sub parts like <To_be_Division_Metal> for example To_Be_Milled_Copper also as their raw materials. Create sample Master data and Purchasing transaction data. Materials: Core four metals are raw materials and also 4*4 divisions 16 are other raw materials. Total number of raw materials you need to deal with are 20. Vendors: As far as Vendors are considered each metal they maintain 4 vendors, so 16 vendors. You can procure that metal and also <div_metal >from those vendors. Purchase Info record: This must be maintained for all Metals and Vendors. Optional for <Div_metal>. Source list: 1. Mandatory for all metals but optional for Milling and polishing. 2. Copper and Silver mandatory for casting and grinding. Purchase Cycles: They have 5 different processes as shown below: 1. Direct Procurement ie. PO-> GR->IR or PO-> IR->GR. (Stock must be kept in QI initially) 2. Known Vendor Procurement ie PO-> GR -> IR. Must not allow IR without GR. 3. New Metal Procurement for Copper and Silver (or Rare metal procurement) ie. PR->RFQ-> PO->IR->GR.(Stock must be blocked initially) 4. 5. Value Contract for MS1023 with three vendors. MK->PO->GR->IR...
Words: 303 - Pages: 2
...determined by fashion and reflected one's rank in society. Malachite is cut into cabochons or slabs to be used in rings, necklaces, brooches, and in art objects (galleries.com). Though not a precious stone, its vibrant colour is highly prized. Possibly the earliest order of copper, malachite is believed to have been mined in a Sinai and eastern deserts of ancient Egypt from was early as 300BCE. Single crystal are uncommon; when found, they are short to long prism. Malachite is usually found as botryoidal or encrusting masses, often with a radiating fibrous structure and banded in various shades of green. The beautiful green crystal has been used since ancient times in inlay work and in carvings of churches and cathedrals as it is found in huge boulders (Bonewitz pg 125). It was also used as a pigment for paint during the 15th century in Egyptian tomb paintings and much later in European art. The Victorians were also great admirers of opaque jewelry stones, and malachite was chosen to be one of their favorites, sometimes choosing it to set in gold. It also occurs as delicate fibrous aggregates and as concentrically banded stalactites (Bonewitz pg 125). Malachite occurs in the altered zones of copper deposits, where it is usually accompanied by lesser amounts of azurite. It is primarily valued as an ornamental material and gemstone. Single masses that weighed up to 51 tons were found in the Ural Mountains of Russia in 19th century (Yee). While doing researcher I was very surprised...
Words: 1559 - Pages: 7
...Southern Levant. These dates shed new light on the dawn of metallurgy in the region as well as on the quality of technological development and its relation to social and political structures. This paper introduces the methodology and concepts behind the archaeomagnetic project as well as the principles of the applied dating technique. In addition, the paper presents the archaeomagnetic results, discusses the alternative dating of several archaeometallurgical sites and explores the implication of these results on our understanding of the interaction between technology and society in the past. For the latter, the results particularly challenge the "Standard View of Technology" (Pfaffenberger, 1992), and suggest a complex, nonlinear evolution of copper industry in the Southern Levant eScholarship provides open access, scholarly publishing services to the University of California and delivers a dynamic research platform to scholars worldwide. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Technology and Society: Some Insights on the Development of Metallurgy in the Southern Levant in the Light of New Dates of Slag Deposits A Thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in Anthropology by Erez Ben-Yosef...
Words: 16249 - Pages: 65
...A Sequence of Chemical Reactions The goal of doing this experiment is to examine the law of conservation of mass by determine the percent of copper from a sequence of chemical reactions. Also, to recognize the change in color, gas, and the temperature change. The sequence of chemical reactions is: Cu(s)Cu2+(aq)Cu(OH)2(s)CuO(s)Cu2+(aq)Cu(NH3)4^2+(aq)Cu2+(aq)Cu(s) Also, I must wear Safety Glasses while I’m doing the experiment because I’m dealing with dangerous chemicals. During the experiment I saw a lot of colors change and I use Electric Bunsen Burner. In order to do this this experiment I need Aluminum wire, Beaker, Funnel with piece of filter paper, thin stem pipets, stirring rod and electric hot plates. Then I weight the copper...
Words: 353 - Pages: 2
...devices to disconnect the current to the heating element in case of a malfunction (such as a defective thermostat) that would otherwise allow the temperature to rise to dangerous levels, possibly starting a fire. They contain a fusible, temperature-sensitive alloy which holds a spring contact mechanism normally closed. When the surrounding temperature gets too high, the alloy melts and allows the spring contact mechanism to break the circuit. Unlike electrical fuses or circuit breakers, thermal fuses only react to excessive temperature, not excessive current, unless the excessive current is sufficient to cause the thermal fuse itself to heat up to the trigger temperature. Important properties and why: The fuse element is made of zinc, copper, silver, aluminum, or alloys to provide stable and predictable characteristics. The metal strip or wire melts at a lower temperature than the wire and other components in the rest of the circuit. Fuse elements may be supported by steel or nichrome wires, so that no strain is placed on the element, but a spring may be included to increase the speed of parting of the element fragments. The fuse element may be surrounded by air, or by materials intended to speed the quenching of the arc. The material that the part is made from: A fuse consists of a metal strip or wire fuse element, of small cross-section compared to the circuit conductors, mounted between a pair of electrical terminals, and (usually) enclosed by a non-combustible housing...
Words: 867 - Pages: 4
...is made to prepare Al-B4C composites cast using stainless steel and cast iron chills in a colplete adiabatic system. The microstrucutre and micro-hardness of the chill cast specimens are analyzed and reported. It is observed that the chill material has a significant influence on the microstructure and properties of the cast specimens. Finner structure and better mechanical properties were observed with the specimen cast using stainless-steel chill whereas cast iron chill gave rise to coarse structure with reduces mechanical properties. INTRODUCTION Engineering Materials There are more than 50,000 materials available to engineers for the design and manufacturing of products for various applications. These materials range from copper, cast iron, brass, which have been available for so many years, to the more recently developed advanced materials such as composites, ceramics and high-performance steels. Due to wide choice of materials, today's engineers are posed with a big challenge for the right selection of material and manufacturing processes for an application. These materials depending on their major characteristics like stiffness, strength, density and melting temperature, can be classified...
Words: 502 - Pages: 3
...Platinum Chain Making Tino Volpe • TIFFANY & CO. History The definition of chain is as simple as interlocking links of metal. If the metal happens to be precious metal, then we consider the chain jewelry. In preparing for this paper, I began my research with the understanding that finding information on chain making, especially historical information, would be a fairly simple task. However, after looking through old copies of jewelry history books, surfing the internet, and interviewing people with a long history in the industry, I arrived at the conclusion that the history of chain making is either a well kept secret or just not of much interest to anyone. Precious metal chain for jewelry has been around for a long time. Basically when man first began working extensively with gold back in Neolithic times he found that certain metals, most notably pure gold, were extremely ductile and could be hammered and stretched to a great degree. With the invention of wire, man could now take something rigid like metal and turn it into something flexible like chain. Chain making has always been, up until the middle of the 18th century, a labor-intensive time consuming hand operation. It was a well-versed art and most books on jewelry will demonstrate basic techniques on making chain by hand. Before automated wire drawing machines, the craftsman had to hammer down and pull metal through succeeding smaller dies to form thin wire. Once the wire was pulled down to the needed diameter...
Words: 1991 - Pages: 8
...Flexible PVC ... sometimes called simply "vinyl" ... has additives like octyl phthalate (which contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen) that keep the polymer swollen and flexible. What elements are electrical wiring made out of? Answer: Almost all electrical wiring is made of copper. For larger sizes to keep the cost of the installation down the wire used is aluminum. Sometimes the copper wire is tinned with solder, and sometimes there is some silver in it. ==== For over 100 years utility companies have been using aluminum wire in their power grids. It has advantages over copper wire in that it is lighter, more flexible, and less expensive. Aluminium wire in power grid applications was very successful and is still used today. Wiring in homes and buildings is another matter. In the '60s when the price of copper skyrocketed, aluminum wire was manufactured in sizes small enough to be used in homes. Aluminium wire requires a larger wire gauge than copper to carry the same current. For example, a standard 15 A branch circuit wired with No. 14 gauge copper requires No. 12 gauge aluminum. When first used in branch circuit wiring, aluminum wire was not installed any differently than copper, and many of these connections failed due to bad connection techniques and dissimilar metals. These connection failures generated heat under electrical load and resulted in overheated connections. Most metals oxidize when exposed to air. Aluminium oxide is an electrical insulator...
Words: 5418 - Pages: 22
...320 reales (de vellon) were issued, equivalent, in gold content and value, to the 2, 4 and 8 escudo coins. Most were minted in Madrid, marked with a superscripted M or in Seville bearing an S below and left of the Royal Coat of Arms. The mintmaster's initials appeared on the opposite side. ------------------------------------------------- Silver escudo[edit] The second escudo was the currency of Spain between 1864 and 1869. It was subdivided into 100 céntimos de escudo. The escudo replaced the real at a rate of 10 reales = 1 escudo. It was itself replaced by the peseta, at a rate of 2½ pesetas = 1 escudo, when Spain joined the Latin Monetary Union. The later silver escudo was worth one quarter of the earlier, gold escudo. Coins[edit] Copper coins were issued in denominations of ½, 1, 2½ and 5 céntimos de escudo, with silver 10, 20 and 40 céntimos de escudo, 1 and 2 escudos, and gold 2, 4 and 10 escudos. The 1 escudo was introduced in 1864, followed by the...
Words: 506 - Pages: 3
...|___D__ Aluminum |A. Used to make “copper” pennies, brass, and nails | |___K__ Antimony |B. Used to make fertilizer, paper, film, matches, tires, and drugs | |__E___ Beryllium |C. Used to make phosphate fertilizer and is found in soft drinks | |___F__ Coal |D. Most abundant element used to make containers and | |__G___ Copper |deodorants | |__H___ Flint |E. Found in metal alloys for air crafts as well as emeralds | |___L__ Fluorite |F. Used to produce 56% of electricity in the US | |____I_ Galena |G. Used to make electrical wires, brass, bronze, coins, plumbing, | |__M___ Gold |and jewelry | |__J___ Gypsum |H. Used to make arrowheads, spear points, and knives; may be | |___R__ Halite |used to start a fire | |___N__ Hematite...
Words: 1067 - Pages: 5
...Lab Chapter 4 4.1.1 Exercise: Standards are important for NIC, Connectors and Media, because of the Stability, Consistency, and Minimization of packet errors. 4.1.2 Exercise: Why is it so low when the capacity for transmission electricity on the copper wire is so high? Because, due to truncation on the transmission of voltage with an electric current. 4,1,3 Exercise: It’s used in the Healthcare facilities, because it’s more fire resistance. 4.1.4 Exercise: Category | Maximum Speed | Application | 1 | 10 Mbps | Telephone Cabling (POTS) | 2 | 4 Mbps | Token Ring | 3 | 10 Mbps | Ethernet | 4 | 20 Mbps | Token Ring | 5 | 100 Mbps | Fast Ethernet | 5e | 1 Gbps | Gigabit Ethernet | 6 | 2500 Mbps | Gigabit Ethernet | 6a | 10,000 Mbps | Gigabit Ethernet | 4.1.5 Exercise: 4.1.6 Exercise: * , The central layer comprises of a conducting material. This layer transmits the baseband video signal. * The dielectric layer surrounds the centre copper core. The function of the dielectric is to separate the inner conductor from the shield and provide physical support. * The next layer is the metallic shield, generally composed of braided copper. It has two main purposes: to protect the conductor from noise or other unwanted signals, referred to as ingress, and to retain the transmitted signal in the conductor. * The last layer is the outside insulation which encloses all the inner layers. This is called a jacket and is usually made from PVC...
Words: 358 - Pages: 2
...if there is brownout and science model for elementary students like me. First, we need to get the material for the project. Here is the list: 1. A miniature board to mount the miniature base – it can be a piece of thick plywood. 2. Plastic container small 3. Miniature light bulb (low voltage, low current) 4. Pair of insulated solid copper wire 5. 2 Pair of alligator clips 6. Galvanized nails – (zinc electrodes) it can be found in hardware stores. 7. Copper wires – (copper electrodes) 8. Screws for the miniature base 9. Vinegar – 4% acidic solution Procedures: 1. Remove the plastic insulation of about one inch from both ends of the wires. 2. Connect the end of red wire to red alligator clips for both ends. Do the same for the black wire with the black alligator clips. 3. Loosen the screws on both contacts of the bulb holder. Place one end of the red alligator clip on right screw and connect the black alligator clip on the left screw. Secure and tighten the screws. 4. Screw the light bulb on the miniature base. 5. Connect the other end of the red alligator clip to the copper electrode. 6. Connect the other end of the black alligator clip to the zinc electrode. 7. Put the vinegar on the container with a minimal amount of the liquid. 8. Put a scotch tape on the top of the plastic container that will...
Words: 548 - Pages: 3
...specifically into the mining industry. Peru has an enormous economic strength in the form of multiple mineral deposits and is currently ranked 4th in the world. It currently occupies 7th place among the top 10 leading mineral producing countries, with an estimated production value of US$ 27,063 million. The primary competitive advantage for Peruvian mining is its diversification of minerals being produced: copper, gold, silver, lead, zinc, tin, molybdenum, iron, cadmium, mercury, selenium, indium and other metals. It is the region’s top producer of zinc, tin, lead and gold, and occupies second place in the production of copper, silver, molybdenum, mercury, selenium, cadmium and phosphoric rock. Currently, Peru has a sufficient reserve of minerals to generate a constant flow of metal production for several decades. The high rates of production have attracted a large amount of inbound investment into Peru's mining sector. An estimated US$ 59.5 billion is expected to flow into the country over the next few years. New mines and expansion projects are expected to more than double its copper production by 2016. The Peruvian economy was revived by the resurgence of the mining sector and has been one of the key drivers behind the company’s stellar growth records. However this...
Words: 454 - Pages: 2
