...Chem 102- 810 Lab partner: Amanda K Experiment 11: Copper Cycle Lab Report Objective: To observe a sequence of reactions involving copper that form a cycle; to develop better laboratory techniques; to gain skills in observing and interpreting observations; and to practice quantitative laboratory techniques. Reactions: 1. Cu(s) + 4HNO3 (aq) ---------- Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2H2O(g) + 2NO2(l) 2. Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + 2NaOH(aq) --------- Cu(OH)2(s) + 2NaNO3 (aq) 3. Cu(OH)2 (s) + HEAT ------------ CuO(s) + H2O(l) 4.CuO(s) + H2SO4(aq) ---------- CuSO4 (aq)+ H2O(l) 5.Zn(s) + CuSO4 (aq) ------------- ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s) Potential Hazards: Concentrated nitric acid causes severe burns and the vapor is a lung irritant. The hydrogen gas that is produced is flammable. Concentrated hydrochloric acid causes severe burns. Methanol is flammable. Keep away from all ignition sources. Acetone is flammable. Keep away from all ignition sources. Procedure: 1.Obtain about 0.5g copper. In the main fume hood, using a 250 mL beaker, prepare the Cu(NO3)2 by adding 4.0mL of concentrated nitric acid to the copper wire. ***Caution. 2.Add 30 mL of 3.0 M NaOH to precipitate Cu(OH)2. With stirring, heat just to boiling on a hot plate. This will change the insoluble Cu(OH)2 into insoluble, black CuO. 3.Let the CuO to settle, then decant the supernate liquid. Add about 200 mL of very hot distilled water, settle and decant a second time. Properly dispose of the supernate liquid...
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...Copper Cycle The copper cycle involves many different type of reactions. In this lab you will investigate the various types of reactions that are used to complete the cycle. Solid copper will be added at the beginning of the reactions. Due to the law of conservation of matter the amount of copper put into the reaction should also come out of the reaction at the end. The reactions that you will perform are generally outlined in the following cycle: Reactions: 1. 8HNO3 (aq) + 3Cu (s) + O2 (g) 3Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + 4H2O (l) + 2NO2 (g) 2. Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) 3. Cu(OH)2 4. CuO (s) + H2SO4 (aq) 5. CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) Materials: 250 mL beaker Aspirator H2O Glass funnel Rubber tubing 15 mL - 6.0 M Sulfuric Acid Ring stand Bunsen burner 2.0 g Zinc powder Ring 0.5 g copper wire 10 mL - 6 M Hydrochloric Acid Wire Gauze 4.0 mL - 16 M Nitric Acid Finger clamp 30 mL - 3.0 M NaOH Set-Up: 1. Create a fume hood from a funnel surgical tubing and aspirator. 2. Support the 250 mL beaker with a ring and wire gauze. 3. Connect the funnel with a finger clamp over the 250 mL beaker. 4. Connect hose to funnel and aspirator (fume hood maybe used in lieu of funnel and aspirator set-up). Procedures: 1. Mass a 250 ml beaker and record in the data table. 2. Mass out approximately 0.500 grams of no. 16 copper wire and record the mass of the copper in the data table and place...
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...Copper History Copper is one of the basic chemical elements. It’s reddish-brown in color, known for its electrical conductivity & high heating capacity. It was first used as early as 10,000 years ago. Copper was found in northern IRAQ in 8700 B.C. Copper was derived from a Latin word “Cyprium”. Manufacturing Process The process of extract copper from its ore is different according to the type of ore. Each process consists of many steps in which unwanted elements are removed either physically or chemically. Copper is extract from sulfide ores. The process involved in obtaining pure copper are mining, concentrating, smelting, refining and casting. Firstly the sulfide ore is obtained from mines, than it crushed by crushers in industries. After crushing...
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...This lab was conducted in order to determine the empirical formula of copper oxide. Throughout this experiment, copper oxide was combined with water and hydrochloric acid, and stirred thoroughly. After the solid dissolved, zinc was added to the solution. After the completion of the zinc’s reaction, the solution was filtered and the next day the remaining solid was measured. Through this process, the empirical formula was able to be derived from the resulting data. The empirical formula was determined to be CuO, which could be found using the masses of the copper and oxygen. From this empirical formula, it can be accepted that the copper oxide was copper(II) oxide, and not copper(I) oxide. The masses and formula are accurate to the theoretical...
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...Copper is a ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. Pure copper is soft and malleable; a freshly exposed surface has a reddish-orange color. It is found in many different places In the world, but the biggest composite of copper is in Chile second to that is in Utha, with other large mines in Arizona, New Mexico and Michigan. Copper can come from a naturally formed free metallic state found in t basaltic lava as a result of volcanic activity. Or Copper can be found in oxidized ores and sulfide ores that must be mined and processed oxidized ores contain primarily copper, and can basically be melted down into copper in a smelting procress. A process in mining copper is called open pit mining in which a big hole is dug in the earth that are sometimes a few thousands of yards wide. huge machinery are used to mine copper such as giant earth movers, rock crushers even blasting with dinomites is used to move large chucks of earth. luckly we are in not gunna run out of copper any thime soon. An estimated 5.8 trillionpounds of copper known worldwide, of which about .07 trillion pounds have been mined throughout history. And of that .07 trillion is still in circulation because coppers recycling rate is higher than that of any other engineering metal. Silver, what is it and where it found? Native silver is the purest kind of silver. Native silver is a metal with nothing else added to it. Most silver is found in an ore combined with a mineral. it can be found in...
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...Jana Abdul-Samad CHM 144H B Shouzhong Zou Avi Milgrom Joshua Godar 11/9/14 How Much Copper Is in a Penny? Determination of the Amount of Copper in a Penny Abstract: Introduction: Prior to 1982, pennies consisted of 95% copper. That year, Congress changed the amount of copper in pennies to 2.5% copper by mass. Both the copper and zinc in pennies can be separated out according to the reactions: Cu(s) + 4HNO3(aq) + 2H2O(l) → Cu(H2O)42+(aq) + 2NO2(g) + 2NO3-(aq) Zn(s) + 4HNO3(aq) + 2H2O(l) → Zn(H2O)42+(aq) + 2NO2(g) + 2NO3-(aq) These reactions produce the complex ions of Cu and Zn: Cu(H2O)42+ and Zn(H2O)42+. Complex ions are made of a central atom covalently bonded to two or more anions or molecules called ligands. Ammonia can be replace the water...
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...Mining Copper The chosen mineral I have chosen to discuss is Copper. Everyday more and more phones are being purchased making the need for copper greater and the need for new phones more demanding making all the minerals in the phone much more used and more commonly mined. Here is a fun fact more IPhones are purchased per day then babies are born each day as there are 1.8 million smart phones alone sold each day and there is approximately 16g of copper in each Phone and if you do the math that means 28 thousand and eight hundred kilograms of copper is needed per day just in smart phones. Copper is mined all over the world and Australia is one of the biggest copper producers in the world and the exports made form austral with copper are worth...
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...indentions had to be filed into the penny, through the copper shell.This action allows for the significant loss of copper. Because when the penny is filed, it is only filed until the zinc interior could be seen which leaves a slight impact on weight, but a stronger impact on the amount of copper. For such a specific experiment that is followed by exact calculations, losing a single flaked of copper can have detrimental impacts on the outcome. In this particle experiment, the percent of copper in a post 1983 penny was found to be 2.37%. However the known amount of copper in a penny is 2.5%, which resulted in .13% difference. This slight difference can be used to calculate the percent error, which was discovered to be 5.2%. The percent error must be due to the filing of the copper. The filing of the copper was already known to be an impact to the experiment but it was tried to counteract the effects of it by weighing the penny after the indentations. Nonetheless, that solution only solves for the altered weight, not the loss of copper....
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...Do the disadvantages of copper mining outweigh the advantages of the metal to society? Copper is one of the most important, irreplaceable metals implemented in today’s society. It has an atomic number of 29 (29 protons, 29 electrons, 35 neutrons), a relative atomic mass of 63.546 amu (see Figure 1), a melting point of 1084.62°C and an electron configuration of [Ar] 3d10 4s1 (see Figure 2). Copper is a tough, ductile, malleable metal that possesses extremely high thermal and electrical conductivity. The fundamental reason why copper can so effectively conduct electricity is due to it’s delocalised electrons. Electrical conduction is caused by valence electrons breaking free of their atoms and moving around, and copper only has one delocalised...
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...people actually know how much copper impacts our lives and quality of life. This waterproof metal is used everywhere from pipes and wires to electronics, to our currency copper plays a vital role in our every day life. This chemical element with an atomic number 29 is also used through micro-nutrients in our own bodies as well as animals and plants. Copper is found in abundances in Arizona which is part of the reason it is apart of the five C's that represent Arizona: Copper, Cattle, Citrus, Cotton, and Climate. Furthermore, on March 27, 2015 (Governor's Day), Doug Ducey signed a legislation into effect that declared copper the official metal of the state of Arizona. We live a very privileged life because of copper, we have things that most third world countries could only dream off like running water. Since this metal is waterproof odds are the pipes running through your home and most buildings. In addition, most houses and...
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...Corrosion and Biofouling Resistance Evaluation of 90-10 Copper-Nickel Carol Powell Consultant to Copper Development Association, UK. Square Covert, Caynham, Ludlow, Shropshire, UK. Tel 0044 (0)1584 872805, Fax 0044 (0)1584 876632. carol.powell@btinternet.com Abstract Copper-nickel alloys for marine use were developed for naval applications in the early part of the 20th century with a view to improving the corrosion resistance of condenser tubes and seawater piping. They still enjoy widespread use today not only for many navies but also in commercial shipping, floating production, storage and offloading vessels (FPSOs), and in multistage flash desalination. The two popular alloys contain 90% or 70% copper and differ in strength and maximum sea water velocity levels they can handle but it is the 90-10 coppernickel (CuNi10Fe1Mn) which is the more economic and extensively used. An additional benefit of this alloy is its high resistance to biofouling: in recent years this has led to sheathing developments particularly for structures and boat hulls. This paper provides a review of the corrosion and biofouling resistance of 90-10 coppernickel based on laboratory test data and documented experience of the alloy in marine environments. Particular attention is given to exposure trials over 8 years in Langstone Harbour, UK, which have recently been completed by Portsmouth University on behalf of the Nickel Institute. These examined four sheathing products; plate and foil...
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...33 Miners Trapped in Chilean Copper Mine In the event of a disaster it is important that the information about it gets out as quickly and as effectively as possible. To make this possible it is important that we know as much about the audience as we do about the accident. When dealing with a multicultural audience this can be a difficult task, since we have to take into account any language barriers, how the information will be received. In this paper we will be discussing the method that the Chilean Copper Mine used after the accident that happened on Thursday, August 5th, 2010. How the Chilean Copper Mine communicates to the families of the miners, their employees and to the local community is very important. What they say will have an impact on everyone involved. The 5th of August, 2010, in the northern area of Copiapo, Chile is where the Chilean Copper Mine is located. The Chilean Copper Mine collapsed and on that fateful Thursday, 33 miners became trapped inside this was reported by The New York Times (New York Times, 2010). The miners were trapped in an area of the mine which was 2,300 feet below the surface. The 33 miners were trapped below ground for almost two months. It would be easy to understand why the Chilean Copper Mining Company was being skeptical about the possibilities of there being any survivors. During this time the Chilean Copper Mining Company was having a hard time keeping the families of the trapped miners reassured, some were having...
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...metallic copper going through a number of chemical reactions that result in a number of different compounds before the copper returns to its original metallic form. The objective of the experiment includes becoming familiar with standard laboratory practices used to separate and purify products and the concept of percent recovery. The objective was also to balance and classify the different reactions involved in the cycle and to identify and write the formula unit, total ionic and net ionic equations for the precipitation and acid-base reactions in this experiment. The first reaction that occurred was when a piece of copper was added to a solution of HNO3. This resulted in a green solution that let off brown fumes. These brown fumes were from the oxidation of the copper and left a clear blue solution. The next reaction occurred when 30.0 mL of 3.0M NaOH was added. This caused the clear blue solution to turn into a bright blue, gelatinous solution. This was caused by the addition of the base, which resulted in the precipitation of the copper hydroxide. Heat was added to the solution, which caused the hydrogen to leave, and the solution to form a black precipitate. Fourthly, the addition of H2SO4 caused the solution the solution to turn into a clear light blue solution, copper sulfate. Lastly, when the Al was added to the solution the solution turned red and fizzed and turned clear. This was caused by the reduction of the copper cations by the Al to yield metallic copper. The unreacted...
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...Flexible PVC ... sometimes called simply "vinyl" ... has additives like octyl phthalate (which contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen) that keep the polymer swollen and flexible. What elements are electrical wiring made out of? Answer: Almost all electrical wiring is made of copper. For larger sizes to keep the cost of the installation down the wire used is aluminum. Sometimes the copper wire is tinned with solder, and sometimes there is some silver in it. ==== For over 100 years utility companies have been using aluminum wire in their power grids. It has advantages over copper wire in that it is lighter, more flexible, and less expensive. Aluminium wire in power grid applications was very successful and is still used today. Wiring in homes and buildings is another matter. In the '60s when the price of copper skyrocketed, aluminum wire was manufactured in sizes small enough to be used in homes. Aluminium wire requires a larger wire gauge than copper to carry the same current. For example, a standard 15 A branch circuit wired with No. 14 gauge copper requires No. 12 gauge aluminum. When first used in branch circuit wiring, aluminum wire was not installed any differently than copper, and many of these connections failed due to bad connection techniques and dissimilar metals. These connection failures generated heat under electrical load and resulted in overheated connections. Most metals oxidize when exposed to air. Aluminium oxide is an electrical insulator...
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