...Copyright Term Extension Act The Copyright Term Extension Act was passed in 1998 in order to extend copyright terms in America. Before this act was passed, there was only the Copyright Act of 1976 which would only allow a copyright to last a total of 50 years for an individual. It was still different for corporations though, as to where their copyrights would last up to a total of 75 years. The 1998 Act extended the copyrights for individuals to stay valid up to 70 years instead of 50. It also helped corporations to have their copyrights extended from only 75 years to 120. This law is also known as the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act, Sonny Bono Act, or the Mickey Mouse Protection Act. Salvatore Phillip “Sonny” Bono was a recording artist, politician, and producer who became famous along with his wife Cher as a singing duo called Sonny & Cher. He was the mayor of Palm Springs, California from 1988 to 1992 and congressman for California’s 44th district from 1995 until his death in 1998. Although this act was passed in 1998, it still allowed additional works made in 1923 or afterwards to be protected under this act until 2019 or later depending on when the product was created. The Copyright Term extension act did not revive any copyrights that had already expired, although it did extend the terms of protection for each copyrighted creation. However, any individuals or corporations work that was created before January 1st, 1978, but hasn’t been published or registered...
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...Intellectual Property: Copyright Gone Wrong Bradlee Melton American InterContinental University Abstract Copyright is a form of intellectual property pertaining mostly to the creative arts such as music, novels, paintings, drawings, and film. When copyright was first created, its duration was fourteen years. In the past three hundred years since its creation, copyright duration has been extended several times. The last of these extensions extended copyright duration to the life of the creator plus seventy years, making copyright almost perpetual. In this modern age of lightning fast computing, copyright law is outdated and needs to be drastically reconsidered. Many have turned to the open source movement to try to escape the tyranny of copyright. Through the open source movement, several high-quality products have been produced and given to the public free of charge, whether it is music or software. Congress has made no effort to remedy the situation at hand. This essay poses the question: With copyright gone wrong, what do the people do? Intellectual Property: Copyright Gone Wrong Intellectual property or IP pertains to creations of the mind. It is broken down into two subcategories: industrial property and copyright. Industrial property includes inventions, trademarks, and other things used for industrial commerce, while copyright involves anything of the literary or artistic fields such as poems, novels, music, drawings, and paintings (WIPO, 2012)...
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...now the Little Loomhouse;[4] Mildred was a pianist and composer.[1], p. 7 The sisters created "Good Morning to All" as a song that would be easy to be sung by young children.[1], p. 14 The combination of melody and lyrics in "Happy Birthday to You" first appeared in print in 1912, and probably existed even earlier.[1], pp. 31–32 None of these early appearances included credits or copyright notices. The Summy Company registered for copyright in 1935, crediting authors Preston Ware Orem and Mrs. R.R. Forman.[citation needed] In 1990, Warner Chappell purchased the company owning the copyright for $15 million, with the value of "Happy Birthday" estimated at $5 million.[5] Based on the 1935 copyright registration, Warner claims that the United States copyright will not expire until 2030, and that unauthorized public performances of the song are technically illegal unless royalties are paid to it. In one specific instance on February 2010, these royalties were said to amount to $700.[6] In the European Union, the copyright of the song will expire on December 31, 2016.[7] The actual American copyright status of "Happy Birthday to You" began to draw more attention with the passage of...
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...productive aspects of the styles; the other half focus on counterproductive aspects. This section of the feedback report summarizes your responses to the items measuring the productive aspects of the styles. After presenting your productive style results, targets for development are identified and an exercise for strengthening your least productive style is offered. Date: Sunday, November 02, 2014 Your DISC Profile (Productive Aspects) Note: The styles that are least extended on the profile represent opportunities for development. Copyright © 2000 by Center for Applied Research, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Page 2-1 DISC Results: Productive Aspects The profile graphically portrays the extent to which you reported on the survey that the productive aspects of the styles are descriptive of you. Thus, the styles with the greatest extensions (that is, the most shading) represent personal strengths. The styles with the weakest extensions are least descriptive of you and represent opportunities for development. These latter styles are likely, though are not necessarily, the same styles that were previously identified as least characteristic of you. Your percentile scores for the productive aspects of the DISC styles are listed immediately below, beginning with the style that is most descriptive of you. DISC Styles (Productive Aspects) 1. Directing 2. Supportive 3. Influencing 4. Contemplative Percentile Scores 100 99 98 96 These percentile scores are based exclusively...
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...Half term extension activity - Employment legislation: • Health and safety The health and safety at work act was first introduced in the UK in 1974. The legislation places a duty of care on all employers "to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the health, safety and welfare at work" to all their employees. In addition to the health and safety at Work act. There is also the management of health and safety at work regulations act of 1999. This act is the management of health and safety of the employers for their employees. The employers duties are to "assess and manage risks to their employees and others arising from work activities.” This involves making arrangements when needed to ensure the health and safety in the workplace....
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...B) method patent C) design patent D) process patent E) Shark Tank Patent Points Earned: | 0.0/2.0 | | Correct Answer(s): | A | 4. A competitor can lawfully discover a trade secret by performing reverse engineering A) True B) False Points Earned: | 0.0/2.0 | | Correct Answer(s): | True | 5. A patent in the public domain can be purchased by a non-patent holder A) True B) False Points Earned: | 2.0/2.0 | | Correct Answer(s): | False | 6. ) A ________ is a product formula, pattern, design, compilation of data, customer list, or other covert business information A) copyright B) trade secret C) trademark D) patent E) All of the above Points Earned: | 0.0/2.0 | | Correct Answer(s): | B | 7. What federal statute was enacted by the Congress to protect trade secrets? A) Sarbanes-Oxley Act B) Lanham Act C) Telecommunication Act D) Economic Espionage Act E) None of the above Points Earned: | 0.0/2.0 | | Correct Answer(s): | D | 8. According to the public use doctrine for patents, ________. A) the inventor has to test his invention in the public domain, to measure its validity, before being granted a patent B) an invention cannot be used in the public domain prior to it being granted a patent C) a patent will not be granted if the invention was already in public use for one year before filing application D) the invention will come into the public domainin 6 months E) the...
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...least some of these issues. Recently, the biggest concern in the computer world has been security, how to secure systems and data, to protect the common user and the integrity of the networks we rely on so heavily. Especially in the last year or so, we have had several major wake-up calls, demonstrating just how important computer security has become. The recent Heartbleed bug discovered in OpenSSL is one of the more critical security bugs to be discovered in the last few years. It's wide-reaching influence, the fact that OpenSSL is installed on hundreds of thousands of computers worldwide, left a giant chunk of information open to exploitation. Essentially, on March 14, 2012, an overlooked bug in the implementation of the Heartbeat extension for the open source crypto library made it into the production environment in OpenSSL's 1.0.1 update. Heartbeat was created as a way of testing and keeping alive secure communication links without the need to renegotiate the connection each time, saving time and overhead on servers. Heartbeat worked by allowing a client to prompt the server for a specific response message, asking for the server to return the word 'hat', for example, as a way to make sure the connection still existed. The problem...
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...MIP Course. Week 2. LEGAL PRINCIPLES OF IP LAW Written Law To be a law, it has to be written. Presumption of innocence (not like in US) Case Law Case that happened before, and to which we are referring. It is a reported decisions. Jurisprudence. Every product has some patent, copyright or trade mark or IP protection. Even a vacuum. Patent (=brevet) It protect the concept of the construction of the article. Has to have: novelty, industrial steps, and has to have a commercial aim. Duration: 20 years. You have to reapply for it, or invent a new thing. It is a short-term monopoly. It is a negative right: to prevent other people to use it. Trade marks (=marques) Mickey Mouse was allowed an extension of its copyright by lobbying the US. So the firm was really powerful. * What is a trade mark? Symbol that can be a design, logo, words, colour, smell, sound. It is the mark of the maker. Trade mark is about goodwill towards the customer, to help them recognise the product they want. We cannot call something Champagne when it does not come from this region in France. * When did it appear? 1986: first registry trade mark. It is an old protection. * How can you protect your trade mark? You can register it at the IP Office. But if it becomes a work in the common usage, you cannot protect it anymore (Hoover, Kleenex, Aspirin). Sometimes, you find 2 same trademarks. But it is okay because they are in two different classes (two different sectors in the industry)...
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...was a pianist and composer.[1], p. 7 The sisters created "Good Morning to All" as a song that young children would find easy to sing.[1], p. 14 The combination of melody and lyrics in "Happy Birthday to You" first appeared in print in 1912, and probably existed even earlier.[1], pp. 31–32 None of these early appearances included credits or copyright notices. The Summy Company registered for copyright in 1935, crediting authors Preston Ware Orem and Mrs. R.R. Forman. In 1988, Warner/Chappell purchased the company owning the copyright for $25 million, with the value of "Happy Birthday" estimated at $5 million.[5][6] Based on the 1935copyright registration, Warner claims that the United States copyright will not expire until 2030, and that unauthorized public performances of the song are technically illegal unless royalties are paid to Warner. In one specific instance in February 2010, these royalties were said to amount to $700.[7] In theEuropean Union, the copyright of the song will expire on December 31, 2016.[8] The actual American copyright status of "Happy Birthday to You" began to draw more attention with the passage of the Copyright Term...
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...should be one or two sentences about the purpose of the report, a one to two-sentence description of the company and then a quick summary of the two vulnerabilities and the two solutions that you have identified. Company Overview Here you should identify which of the two company scenarios you are using and briefly summarize the organizations products or services, and business processes. Two Security Vulnerabilities Software Vulnerability Remember, you need to choose only two vulnerabilities from the three categories: hardware, software and policy. It is recommended that you make them limited in scope and very specific. Also, before starting on this section, be sure you have a very clear idea of the definition of the following terms: threat, vulnerability, risk, and consequences. A vulnerability is a weakness such as an unpatched Web server, but it need not be a “weakness” per se. It can simply be an asset exposed to risk unnecessarily. A Web server, no matter how secure, is still exposed to risk. However, what you are going to define is a situation where you will, later in...
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...Intellectual Property Abstract Term Intellectual Property is widely used in today’s world. You can't find a man, who hasn't heard this words, but why is this term so popular? Well, people or organizations are working very hard to create something new, something theirs and they are expecting to gain something from that, usually gain financially. They are not willing to give you right use their creation for free, but rather ask you money for that. Even if inventor isn't trying to protect his/her property, it is ethical to respect their work and pay them for their work, but as we said cases like that doesn't happen frequently and inventors usually try to protect their property, but how can they achieve that? Claim that it's your property? So what? If you create something, it automatically becomes your intellectual property, but it is not illegal for others to use your invention. In order to make that illegal you must obtain patent, copyright or trademark, these are three tools for inventors to protect their Intellectual property. As you may guessed by now, in this case-study we will try to answer the question: How individuals or organization can protect their intellectual property? And is the system of intellectual property's well-designed or there is some flaws, which can be used as it should? As we already said everyone knows what intellectual property means in general, but to give more particular answer: Intellectual property (IP) refers to creations of the mind, such...
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...Management (MKT624) VU Lesson 1 UNDERSTANDING BRANDS – INTRODUCTION Brand management as one of the marketing functions has been around for as long as we have known professional marketing. But, it has been a part of the traditional marketing approach in which many functions of today’s brand management were performed in a spread out fashion by the marketing manager and a combination of his team members like the sales manager, the advertising and communications manager, and the marketing administration manager to name a few. The terminology of brand management was not used. Brand management, in its present integrated form, has come into limelight and focus over the last 20 years. The functional execution has undergone transformation in terms of its description as a substantive job under one head. This implies that the overall functions of brand management are full of substance and therefore are described specifically under the head brand management and not as disparate parts of the overall marketing functions. In other words, brand management has not lost its primary roots that are well-entrenched in marketing; it only has acquired explicitly defined dimensions within which the function operates. To further elucidate the point, there have been functional adjustments within the overall marketing functions only to bring into clear and sharp focus the specific functions and job of brand management. Brand management now presents itself as a distinct part of an integrated marketing...
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...make it easier for people to find relevant books specifically, books they wouldn't find any other way such as those that are out of print. At the same time will carefully respecting authors' and publishers' copyrights. The goal is to create a comprehensive, searchable, virtual card catalog of all books in all languages that helps users discover new books and publishers discover new readers. Users simply search for a book or topic using keywords and Google lists books from its database containing the search terms. Users can then click a book title to view “snippets” of books containing the term(s) searched. We are going to talk about Google Library Project and a history for their straggle in court. We are also going to talk about is it good or bad that Google is a United State corporation bound by U.S. laws., what is the “fair use” doctrine and if we think that Google defines it correctly in this controversy. We are also going to explain why some libraries are backers of the project, while others vehemently oppose it. Discussion Google Library Project's aim to make it easier for people to find relevant books specifically, books they wouldn't find any other way such as those that are out of print. At the same time will carefully respecting authors' and publishers' copyrights. The goal is to create a comprehensive, searchable, virtual card catalog of all books in all languages that helps users discover new books and publishers discover new readers. They started in 2004...
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...other areas of the law that covers disputes between citizens. e.g. intellectual property, family law. THE NATURE OF LAW Theoretically why does the law exist ? To protect basic human rights: Note: Australia has no bill of rights unlike the US the UK and others. To aid in the resolution of conflicts. To promote fairness, order and stability in society. To promote desirable social and ecconomice behaviour (capitalist democracy) * concepts such as morality and justice influence the law but do not determin it. To represent the “will of the people” (through voting in referendums). ENTERTAINMENT (AND MEDIA) LAW AND LAWYERS. Record or publishing agreements related to music and other assignable licensable works under the copyright act 1968. Film production agents. Trade mark patent, or design applications mad to IP Australia Negotiations between artists and their employers (publishers, advertisers, touring companies). INTITUTIONS OF THE AUSTRALIAN LEGAL SYSTEM PARLAMENT – creates the law * State and Territory Parliament, Federal Parliament (Canberra) THE COURTS – Apply the Law * Tribunals (e.g. Consumer Trade and Tenancy Tribunal) * Administrative bodies (e.g....
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...I. Statement of Purpose The Copyright Act of 1976 amended the Copyright Act of 1909 and serves as the primary basis of copyright law in the United States[1]. The Act spells out the basic rights of copyright holders, codifies the previously patchwork doctrine of fair use and adopted a unitary term of copyright exclusivity based on the date of the author’s death instead of using a fixed number of years and renewal terms as was previously spelled out in the 1909 Act. The 1909 Act was the last major piece of copyright legislation, and Congress recognized that technology had changed to the point where several pieces of the Act were no longer fit to serve as the basis for interpretation. The 1976 Act was designed to address intellectual property issues raised by new innovations in technology that were previously unforeseen. The Act addresses to the legal practitioners and non-lawyers what kinds of rights they have based on the medium in which they have chosen to communicate an idea as what as what constitutes a copyrightable idea. The sine qua non of copyright is originality, however, the Copyright Act sets the standard for creativity extremely low. Rather than the completely novel ideas protected by the patent laws, copyright laws dictate that an idea only needs a minimal degree of creativity to be protected. The Copyright Act is seen as a compromise between the rights of the publishers and the rights of the authors. The extension protects the rights of the authors with respect...
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